The quotes below from George Washington’s 1796 Farewell Address advocated what policy toward foreign nations?
a. direct involvement c. colonize other nationsb. favor only one country d. neutrality
First U.S. GovernmentChallenge
From Spain
From Britain
From France
Response
Pinckney’s Treaty
1. Travel freely on Mississippi River
2. U.S. goods stored at New Orleans port duty free
3. 31st parallel is U.S. southern border
Jay’s Treaty
1. British to leave Ohio Valley by 1796
2. Pay damages for U.S. vessels seized
Pass laws requiringneutrality
1793, Washingtondeclares U.S. wouldremain neutral
• Led Continental Army to victory over Britain in American Revolution• President of Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia• First U.S. President• Established customs of the executive department• Proclaimed U.S. neutrality in foreign policy• Built strong central government• Created an effective tax system• Established National Bank
Washington’s legacy: “Father of His Country”
Let me now . . . warn you . . . againstthe [harmful] effects of the spirit of party. . . . This spirit, unfortunatelyexists in different shapes in allgovernments . . . but in those of popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness and is truly their worstenemy.
George Washington, Farewell Address 1796
What is the effect of politics on the democraticprocess? (consider our modern day govt.)
Washington on politics . . . p. 328
Today’s learning targets:
T1 – Describe the reasons political parties grew
T2 – Summarize the issues dividing Americans during the Adams presidency & the conflict over states’ rights
What did Washington mean by the “Harmful effectsOf the spirit of party”?
Why might Washington’s advice to avoid political Parties be hard to follow?
What did he warn against in his farewell address?-Warned against the “spirit” of political parties & political division- Stay out of European affairs (remain neutral)
Why would he decline a third term?
The First Political Parties
Political Party = A group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government
It also backs candidates for officeFederalists:
• Formed by Hamilton and friends. The party name • Reflected their belief in a STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT of the federal system
• Reflected the growing trade & cities.• Attracted northern merchants & manufacturers.
The First Political Parties
Political Party = A group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government
It also backs candidates for office
Democratic – Republicans: ( roots are Anti-Federalist, Ch.8)
• Founded by Jefferson & Madison. • reflected their strong belief in democracy & the republican system (STATES’ RIGHTS)
• Reflected a rural nation of farmers.• Attracted farmers & workers .
The First Political Parties
Democratic – Republicans:
Reflected a rural nation of farmers.Attracted farmers & workers .
Federalists:
Reflected the growing trade & cities.Attracted northern merchants & manufacturers.
Which statement best describes the main role ofPolitical parties?
A. They administer different departments of national government
B. They represent the political views of different groups in society
C. They conduct elections among minority citizens
D. They direct the activities of congressional committees
The Birth of Political Parties
Interpretation of the Constitution?
Hamilton (Federalists)
Jefferson(Democratic-Republicans)
Vision of the Economy?
What social class did he favor?
Support which nationin foreign affairs?
Loose / flexibleElastic Clause
Strict / gov’t can only do what is listed
Based upon trade &manufacturing
Based uponfarming
Supported upperclasses
Supportedlower classesworking class
Great Britain France
FederalistDemocratic-Republicans
National bankp. 316-317)
Paying off state debts p. 315-316)
Whiskey taxp. 321
Alien & Sedition Acts (p. 330-
331,339)
French Revolution
(p. 322)
Tariffs (p. 316, 343)
1800s Policies – fill in support or oppose & why
Federalist Democratic-Republicans
National bank
Paying off state debts
Whiskey tax(p. 321)
Alien & Sedition Acts (p. French Revolution
Tariffs Favored protectivetariffs
Opposed tariffshurt competition
Favored Opposed
Favored Opposed, distrusted
Favored raisingrevenues
Opposed, seen asunfair
Favored/limitcriticism
Opposed, limitedfree speech/press
Opposed Supported
Specific Policies of Federalists &Democratic Republicans (p. 328-329)
Read “John Adam’s Administration” p. 329
What role did political parties have in the electionof 1796?
2. What was noteworthy of the 1796 election results?-First election in which political parties competed & resulted in a president & vice president from different parties.
1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union)1796 Election Results
(16 states in the Union)John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 71 51.4%
Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican
68 49.3%
Thomas Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 59 42.8%
Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican
30 21.7%
Samuel Adams Massachusetts Federalist 15 10.9%
Oliver Ellsworth Connecticut Federalist 11 8.0%
George Clinton New York Democratic-Republican
7 5.1%
Other - - 15 10.9%
Total Number of Electors13
8
Total Electoral Votes Cast27
6
Number of Votes for a Majority
70
3. XYZ Affair & American Foreign Policy
How does this cartoon demonstrate the American Attitude toward France?
What was the source of tension between the U.S. & France?
XYZ Affair & American Foreign Policy
3. What effect did the affair have on U.S.-French relations?-Anti-French feelings in U.S. & cancellation of all treaties- U.S. navy begins to seize French vessels
4. Alien & SeditionActs, 1798
Increased waitingPeriod from 5-14
Years for U.S.citizenship
Arrest or deport aliensduring wartime
Outlawed expressingopinions damaging to the
govt(sedition)
5. What did these resolutions declare?
the Kentucky Resolutions, 1798 & 1799
& Virginia Resolutions
Based upon the theoryof: States’ Rights
“that states had rights that the federal gov’t could not take away
“and that states couldnullify the federal lawwithin its state
These resolutions declared that the Alien & SeditionActs were unonstitutional.
Presidential Election of 1800
Federalist Democratic-Republicans
You are the campaign manager for one of the political parties.
Design a poster for your party summarizing the parties view on the following issues:1. Foreign Policy (France)2. Alien & Sedition Acts3. View of Tariffs4. States’ Rights v. Fed. Govt (Constitution)5. Goals of your Political Party
Choose one: