The quotes below from George Washington’s 1796 Farewell Address advocated what policy toward foreign nations?

a. direct involvement c. colonize other nationsb. favor only one country d. neutrality

First U.S. GovernmentChallenge

From Spain

From Britain

From France

Response

Pinckney’s Treaty

1. Travel freely on Mississippi River

2. U.S. goods stored at New Orleans port duty free

3. 31st parallel is U.S. southern border

Jay’s Treaty

1. British to leave Ohio Valley by 1796

2. Pay damages for U.S. vessels seized

Pass laws requiringneutrality

1793, Washingtondeclares U.S. wouldremain neutral

• Led Continental Army to victory over Britain in American Revolution• President of Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia• First U.S. President• Established customs of the executive department• Proclaimed U.S. neutrality in foreign policy• Built strong central government• Created an effective tax system• Established National Bank

Washington’s legacy: “Father of His Country”

Let me now . . . warn you . . . againstthe [harmful] effects of the spirit of party. . . . This spirit, unfortunatelyexists in different shapes in allgovernments . . . but in those of popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness and is truly their worstenemy.

George Washington, Farewell Address 1796

What is the effect of politics on the democraticprocess? (consider our modern day govt.)

Washington on politics . . . p. 328

Today’s learning targets:

T1 – Describe the reasons political parties grew

T2 – Summarize the issues dividing Americans during the Adams presidency & the conflict over states’ rights

What did Washington mean by the “Harmful effectsOf the spirit of party”?

Why might Washington’s advice to avoid political Parties be hard to follow?

What did he warn against in his farewell address?-Warned against the “spirit” of political parties & political division- Stay out of European affairs (remain neutral)

Why would he decline a third term?

The First Political Parties

Political Party = A group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government

It also backs candidates for officeFederalists:

• Formed by Hamilton and friends. The party name • Reflected their belief in a STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT of the federal system

• Reflected the growing trade & cities.• Attracted northern merchants & manufacturers.

The First Political Parties

Political Party = A group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government

It also backs candidates for office

Democratic – Republicans: ( roots are Anti-Federalist, Ch.8)

• Founded by Jefferson & Madison. • reflected their strong belief in democracy & the republican system (STATES’ RIGHTS)

• Reflected a rural nation of farmers.• Attracted farmers & workers .

The First Political Parties

Democratic – Republicans:

Reflected a rural nation of farmers.Attracted farmers & workers .

Federalists:

Reflected the growing trade & cities.Attracted northern merchants & manufacturers.

Which statement best describes the main role ofPolitical parties?

A. They administer different departments of national government

B. They represent the political views of different groups in society

C. They conduct elections among minority citizens

D. They direct the activities of congressional committees

The Birth of Political Parties

Interpretation of the Constitution?

Hamilton (Federalists)

Jefferson(Democratic-Republicans)

Vision of the Economy?

What social class did he favor?

Support which nationin foreign affairs?

Loose / flexibleElastic Clause

Strict / gov’t can only do what is listed

Based upon trade &manufacturing

Based uponfarming

Supported upperclasses

Supportedlower classesworking class

Great Britain France

FederalistDemocratic-Republicans

National bankp. 316-317)

Paying off state debts p. 315-316)

Whiskey taxp. 321

Alien & Sedition Acts (p. 330-

331,339)

French Revolution

(p. 322)

Tariffs (p. 316, 343)

1800s Policies – fill in support or oppose & why

Federalist Democratic-Republicans

National bank

Paying off state debts

Whiskey tax(p. 321)

Alien & Sedition Acts (p. French Revolution

Tariffs Favored protectivetariffs

Opposed tariffshurt competition

Favored Opposed

Favored Opposed, distrusted

Favored raisingrevenues

Opposed, seen asunfair

Favored/limitcriticism

Opposed, limitedfree speech/press

Opposed Supported

Specific Policies of Federalists &Democratic Republicans (p. 328-329)

Read “John Adam’s Administration” p. 329

What role did political parties have in the electionof 1796?

2. What was noteworthy of the 1796 election results?-First election in which political parties competed & resulted in a president & vice president from different parties.

1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union)1796 Election Results

(16 states in the Union)John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 71 51.4%

Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican

68 49.3%

Thomas Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 59 42.8%

Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican

30 21.7%

Samuel Adams Massachusetts Federalist 15 10.9%

Oliver Ellsworth Connecticut Federalist 11 8.0%

George Clinton New York Democratic-Republican

7 5.1%

Other - - 15 10.9%

Total Number of Electors13

8

Total Electoral Votes Cast27

6

Number of Votes for a Majority

70

1796 Election Results

1796 Election Results

AdamsAdams

JeffersonJefferson

3. XYZ Affair & American Foreign Policy

How does this cartoon demonstrate the American Attitude toward France?

What was the source of tension between the U.S. & France?

XYZ Affair & American Foreign Policy

3. What effect did the affair have on U.S.-French relations?-Anti-French feelings in U.S. & cancellation of all treaties- U.S. navy begins to seize French vessels

4. Alien & SeditionActs, 1798

Increased waitingPeriod from 5-14

Years for U.S.citizenship

Arrest or deport aliensduring wartime

Outlawed expressingopinions damaging to the

govt(sedition)

5. What did these resolutions declare?

the Kentucky Resolutions, 1798 & 1799

& Virginia Resolutions

Based upon the theoryof: States’ Rights

“that states had rights that the federal gov’t could not take away

“and that states couldnullify the federal lawwithin its state

These resolutions declared that the Alien & SeditionActs were unonstitutional.

Presidential Election of 1800

Federalist Democratic-Republicans

You are the campaign manager for one of the political parties.

Design a poster for your party summarizing the parties view on the following issues:1. Foreign Policy (France)2. Alien & Sedition Acts3. View of Tariffs4. States’ Rights v. Fed. Govt (Constitution)5. Goals of your Political Party

Choose one:

Review & study the political party Chart on p. 329

Turn to your neighbor and quiz on each ideaPut the following U.S. Presidents in proper term sequence:

John Adams, George Washington

1. 2. 3.

Political Party?