The San Francisco Littoral Cell CRMSP
Public Outreach MeetingJuly 12, 2012 (San Francisco)
July 19, 2012 (Pacifica)
Doug George and Bob Battalio, ESA PWAAthena Honore, ABAG
Essentials for Tonight
• This Project: develop a coastal regional sediment management plan– Identify ways to mitigate coastal erosion hazards by
increasing sediment supply– Describe actions that may become part of plan but not
specific projects
• This Project: for state and federal agencies• This Public Meeting: to gather input at
intermediate phase of project
Tonight’s Agenda
• What is the San Francisco Littoral Cell CRSMP?• Physical Setting• Finding the Critical Coastal Erosion Areas• What Can Be Done?• The Path Forward
WHAT IS THE SAN FRANCISCO LITTORAL CELL CRSMP?
What we are facing regionally…
Daly City
Pacifica
Economics of our local beach zoneRegion Attendance Est.
SpendingEst. State and Local Tax Revenue
Beach Amenities and Use
Ease of Access
San Francisco
645,000 $36,000,000 $1,200,000 Restrooms, showers, vendors, surfing, aerial sports
7/10
Daly City 25,000 $1,500,000 $45,000 4/10
Pacifica 253,000 $15,300,000 $455,000 Restrooms, showers, pier, vendors, surfing,
6/10
Phil King, SFSU
Consideration of accelerated sea level rise is required
1.5 m 1986-2100 USACE1.4 m 2100 (0.4 m 2050) State
0.5 m 1986-2100 USACE
The role of sediment (sand and mud)
• Buffer from ocean processes• Habitat (beaches, tidal flats)• Creates recreational zone
Littoral cell – geographic area offshore that contains a complete cycle of sedimentation including sources, transport paths, and sinks.
dunes
Typical Littoral Cell
river input
Existing Sediment (Sand) Management
Urbanization of Watershed
Sediment excavated and placed nearby.
Sand held in place by urbanization.
Beach Erosion due to Less
Sand
Harbor
Sand and Gravel Mining
Sand and gravel sold for construction.
Sediment Trapped Behind Dams and
Debris Basins
Less Sand to Coast
Ocean
Coastal Armoring Reduces Sediment Supply to Beaches
Sand Trapped by Harbor Structures
Beach replenished with sand dredged from offshore.
Dredged sand placed on
nearby beaches.
Degraded Wetlands
Existing Sediment Management
Urbanization of Watershed
Sand held in place by future urbanization is compensated through
projects or fees.Less Beach
Erosion
Harbor
Sand loss compensated
through projects or fees.
Sediment Trapped Behind Dams and
Debris Basins
Regional Sediment (Sand) Management
Mining moved out of river. More sand transported to coast.
Sediment excavated and bypassed downstream.
Sand from harbors placed on beaches in
need.
Beach replenished with sand dredged from offshore or transported from inland projects.Sand Trapped by
Harbor Structures
Ocean
More Sand Reaching
Coast
Restored Wetlands
Sand and Gravel Mining
Reduced Coastal Armoring Increases Sediment Supply to Beaches
Regional Sediment Management
California Coastal Sediment Master PlanA “Super-Regional” Approach
Pacifica, 1994
Port of Oakland
Ocean Beach
South Bay Salt Ponds
Coastal Regional Sediment Management Plans (CRSMPs)
• Goals of a CRSMP• Restore and Maintain Coastal
Beaches and Other Critical Areas of Sediment Deficit
• Reduce the Proliferation of Protective Shoreline Structures
• Sustain Recreation and Tourism• Enhance Public Safety and Access • Restore Coastal Sandy Habitats
Legend
In-Progress
Completed
Present Ideas for Local Projects
CRSMP Components
Physical Processes
Ecology Economics & Infrastructure
Policy & Governance
Geology & Geo-morphology
Sediment Budgets,Erosion
Transport, Hazards, SLR
Special Species, Habitats
Roads, SewersBeach Use,Funding Options
Local Coastal Programs,General Plans
Comprehensive regional plan with options to address erosion areas
Project Basics
San Francisco Littoral Cell
Habel and Armstrong, 1978
California’s Littoral Cells
• Primary jurisdictions:– San Francisco– Daly City– Pacifica– National Park
Service (GGNRA)
– State Parks
• 16 Reaches
Project Schedule
•Study kick off (summer 2011)•Data compilation (spring 2012)•Plan formulation happening now •Administrative Draft CRSMP (fall 2012)•Draft CRSMP (fall 2012)•Final CRSMP (winter 2012-2013)•Outreach and Stakeholder Advisory Group
(ongoing)
Daly City
Project PlayersFederal
InterestsState Interests
CRSMP Lead Outreach & Governance
SAG Public
Stakeholders Advisory Group
Federal; 7
State; 8
County; 3
City; 8
Other; 9
USGS, NOAA, NPS, FWS, FEMA, Sanctuary, USACE
SLC, CCC, CGS, SCC/OPC, BCDC, DFG, Caltrans, State Parks, Water Board
San Francisco Parks and Rec, San Mateo County Parks, San Mateo Harbor District
SFSU, SIO, PRBO, Audubon, Surfrider, Pacifica Land Trust, Parks Conservancy, Sierra Club, Pedro Point Surf Club
San Francisco• PUC• SPURDaly City•
Water/Wastewater
• Planning Dept.• Public WorksPacifica• Public Works• Sewer• Parks and Rec
About ESA PWA
• Founded in 1976 as PWA in San Francisco
• In response to engineering projects that fought the land and by an emerging environmental advocacy movement
• Staff of civil engineers, geomorphologists, scientists, hydrologists, and landscape architects
• Merged with ESA in 2010
About ABAG
• In 1961, Bay Area leaders recognized the need to address common issues from a regional perspective
• Elected officials formed the Association of Bay Area Governments– California’s first Council of Governments
• Enhance the quality of life in the San Francisco Bay Area by leading the region in advocacy, collaboration, and excellence in planning, research, and member services.
• All 9 counties,101 Bay Area cities
PHYSICAL SETTING
Source of Photograph: US Army Corps of Engineers, South Pacific Division
The San Francisco Littoral Cell
Source of Aerial photo: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Scientific Visualization Studio.
Golden Gate Sub-cell
Battalio and Trivedi, 1996
Pacifica Sub-cell
Less studied
Questions remain: Sediment transport near Pt San Pedro ?
Quantified wave climate ?
Sediment grain size and underlying geology ?
Beach thickness ?
Future Management ?
Photographs © Bob Battalio, 2012
Old dune sand (from the bluff tops) contrasted with the beach sands in the Manor area.
Photographs © Bob Battalio, 2012
Coarse dark sand apparently akin to Mori Point and onshore + north transport by large height, long-period west swells winter 2010.
Manor, January 2010, during a strong bluff erosion episode that threatened multiple apartment complexes.
Sharp Park, January, 2010. Massive sand accretion overtopped seawall and blocked storm drain outfalls, and nearly overtopped levee at Laguna Salada.
Photographs © Bob Battalio, 2012
Rock reef, vicinity of Beach Boulevard
Shoreface Morphology
Derived from Bascom, W., Waves and Beaches, The Dynamics of the Ocean Surface, Anchor Books Edition, 1980.
FINDING THE CRITICAL EROSION AREAS
Photographs © Bob Battalio, 2012
Formula for an erosion area
Shoreline erosion rate
Sea level rise
Landslide risk
Coastal hazard zone
Coastal hazard zone
Critical infrastructure (roads, pipes, armor, etc)
Sensitive habitats
CRITICAL EROSION
AREA
Study Reaches San Francisco – 7
Pacifica – 7
Daly City – 2
GGNRA and State Parks in most reaches
Erosion & SLR
USACE (2011)
Year “Low”(Historic Trend)
“Intermediate”(NRC Curve I)
“High” (NRC Curve III)
2000 0 0 0
2025 0.05 0.08 0.17
2050 0.10 0.19 0.47
2100 0.20 0.52 1.51
Sea Level Rise Estimates (m)
1 – No vertical land motion is included in estimates2 – Using a historic SLR trend of 2.01 mm/year (as measured at the San Francisco NOAA tide gauge)
1 – most shoreline reaches eroding
2 – large variation
Coastal hazard zones
Infrastructure at risk
• Pumping Stations• Stormwater
Conveyances• Roads• Coastal Trails• Utilities• Landfill (Daly City)• Shoreline Protection• Property
The 10 Critical Erosion AreasSF – 3 (7,100’) + DC – 3 (7,700’) + Pacifica – 4 (12,900’) = 5.25 miles
How the Critical Erosion Areas Look
Sharp Park
Daly City
Linda Mar Daly City Landfill
Ocean Beach
WHAT CAN BE DONE?
Photographs © Bob Battalio, 2012
Initial Options for Critical Coastal Erosion Areas
• No Action• Beach Nourishment• Multi-purpose Reefs• Managed Retreat
– Armor– Allow Natural Processes
Beach Nourishment
• Placement of sediment-water slurry directly on beach or beach face
• Key questions: – Sediment characteristics and sources– Longevity
Carlsbad, CA
Opportunities Constraints
Use sediment trapped on land or from dredging projects
Use offshore sediment
Rebuild dune habitat
Transportation of sediment to receiver sites
Immediate, short-term biological impacts
Habitat conversion long-termFinkl, Benedet and Campbell, 2006
Multi-purpose Reefs
Opportunities Constraints
Create new habitat
Enhance surf opportunities
Increase sediment retention
High energy coastline
Limited experience
High cost (economic and environmental)
Artificial Reef – Plan and Section
A
New Reef Structure
Wave Crests (Typ.)
Beach (Pre-reef)
Beach (Post-reef)
Dune/Bluff Toe
Section A
Managed Retreat
Opportunities Constraints
Restoration of natural shoreline cycles and habitats
Utilize geology (go-n-slow)
Removal/reduction of development in risk zones
Prior investments in armoring
Expense
Political will
Property rights
Existing armoring
Pacifica State Beach Managed Retreat and Estuary Restoration
Photographs © Bob Battalio, 2012
Some activities at Ocean Beach
• SF and NPS– Sand trucking from NOB to SOB– 100,000 cubic yards in August 2012
• ACE– Single placement of 300,000 cubic yards
• Dredged sediment pumped onshore at Sloat and to 4000’ south
– Designation of OBDS as permanent site
• OBMP– 2 million cubic yards of sand placed every
10 years
Examples of Options for a Local Plan
Beach nourishment
Artificial reefs
Images from OBMP, AECOM/ESA PWA
Baker, China, Pt. Lobos: No ActionNOB: Sand Back-passing to SOBMOB: 1.5 million yd3 Beach Nourishment
SOB: Opt 1 – 0.5 million yd3 Beach Nourishment + Managed Retreat
Opt 2 – 0.5 million yd3 Beach Nourishment + Reefs
Ft. Funston: No Action (other plans underway)
SF Reaches Options
Daly City: Multi-purpose reefs, beach nourishment as bluff protection
Mussel Rock: Special Case - recontour landfill, offshore reefs
DC Reaches Options
Manor District, Beach Blvd: Opt 1 – 2.2 million yd3 Beach NourishmentOpt 2 – Beach Nourishment + ReefsOpt 3 – Managed RetreatSharp Park: Opt 1 – Managed Retreat: Allowed Erosion of LeveeOpt 2 – 0.6 million yd3 Beach NourishmentOpt 3 – Multi-purpose ReefHidden Cove: No ActionRockaway Cove:Opt 1 – 0.25 million yd3 Beach NourishmentOpt 2 – Managed RetreatLinda Mar: Opt 1 – 0.7 million yd3 Beach NourishmentOpt 2 – Managed RetreatOpt 3 – Managed Retreat + cobble on beachShelter Cove: No Action
Pacifica Reaches Options
THE PATH FORWARD?
Photographs © Bob Battalio, 2012
Recap: ProblemProcessSolutionHazards Critical Erosion Areas Proposed Ideas
South Ocean Beach
Beach Blvd
• Beach Nourishment• Managed Retreat
• Beach Nourishment• Nourishment and reefs• Managed Retreat
Constraints
• Sediment sources for beach nourishment actions
• Policy and governance structure
• Sensitive species
Seal Rock, Pt. Lobos, ~1940
Using past ecology for future opportunities
The analysis doesn’t include every habitat type and every species
• Vegetation– Sensitive Communities– Wetlands– Rare Plants– Kelp Beds
• Fish (Salmonids), Amphibians, & Reptiles• Birds• Marine Mammals
Ecological Analysis
Other planning in the study areaGFNMS GGNRA Coastal Cities
Revision of exclusion area
General Management Plan Update
Daly City: GP/LCP Update (2012)
Pacifica: GP/LCP Update (2013)
Project Schedule (redux)
•Study kick off (summer 2011)•Data compilation (spring 2012)•Plan formulation happening now •Administrative Draft CRSMP (fall 2012)•Draft CRSMP (fall 2012)•Final CRSMP (winter 2012-2013)•Outreach and Stakeholder Advisory Group
(ongoing)
Summary
• This Project: develop a coastal regional sediment management plan– Identify ways to mitigate coastal erosion hazards by
increasing sediment supply– Describe actions that may become part of plan but not
specific projects
• This Project: for state and federal agencies• This Public Meeting: to gather input at
intermediate phase of project
What do YOU think??• Deadline of August 20 for public feedback• Contact information for:
– ABAG Outreach Manager, Athena Honore• Email [email protected] • 1515 Clay St, Suite 1400, Oakland, CA 94612
– ESA PWA Project Manager, Doug George• Email [email protected]• 550 Kearny St, Suite 900, San Francisco, CA 94108
For more information visit the CSMW website: http://dbw.ca.gov/csmw/default.aspx
What we think about the rest of the time….
Thanks!