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The TechnologyWalter Ellis
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Photohydroionization Cell
Broad spectrum lamp
Quad-metallic hydrophilic coating
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“Photo” Process
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Broad spectrum UV lamp
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic coating
Optimal surface area
PHI CellHydrated Coating
PPC Sleeve
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254 nm hv
Germicidal Inactivation
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Photo-Catalytic Hydrated – Quad-Metallic
High intensity UV light activates the hydrated quad-metallic catalyst target
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Photoelectric Effect:
The conversion of light to electricity
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Conventional Advanced Oxidation Reaction
Formation of OHo
Super Oxide Ions O2-
Hydroperoxides HO2
H HO
H HO
H HO
O2-
HO2
O2-
HO2
254 nm hv
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Hydrated Quad-metallic Catalytic Coating Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
The Quad-metallic coating: has particular affinities, breaks bonds, releases electrons, holds and releases atoms, steals other electrons. absorbs water vaporIt changes everything but itself remains unchanged. It is a “Catalytic” process.
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“Hydrophilic” means
that it attracts water,
(H2O from the air)
This creates an abundance
of hydrogen
and oxygen on the
coating
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
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Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Different catalysts do different things!
Catalytic Surface
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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a multifaceted compound. It's the stuff that makes toothpaste white and paint opaque. TiO2 is also a potent photocatalyst that can break down almost any organic compound.
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Different catalysts do different things!
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“when TiO2 is exposed to UV light of a wavelength
below 385 nanometers in the presence of water vapor, two highly reactive substances are formed: hydroxyl radicals [OH] and a superoxide ion [O2
-1].”
"These are highly reactive chemical species. Hydroxyl radicals are very strong oxidizers and will attack all kinds of organic materials.” Daniel Blake, Dept of Energy’s
Natural Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Different catalysts do different things!
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Vol. 05, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY, 2003
Enhanced activity of silver modified thin film TiO2 photocatalysts
This silver doped photocatalyst decomposes the pollutant 3-times faster than the un-doped TiO2.
Silver speeds up titanium reactions
It was postulated that silver enhanced the reduction potential of TiO2, … It was found that … the reduction potential of the photocatalytic system can be altered by varying the amount of silver doped onto the TiO2.
The amount of silver alters the photocatalytic system
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Different catalysts do different things!
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The Current Status of Catalysis by Silver R Schlögl, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Ges., Faradayweg.
4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
Elemental silver is a unique catalyst for selective oxidation reactions, … Four different species of atomic oxygen interacting in spectroscopically distinct ways with silver have been identified
Atomic Oxygen Species Adsorbed on Silver. V.I.Bukhtiyarov, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva prosp., 5,Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
This paper summarizes our efforts to study the nature of oxygen species adsorbed on silver and their reactivity
Silver has some unique abilities to work with energized forms of oxygen
Silver is an excellent electrical conductor
Silver is stable and will not itself oxidize in the course of creating and transporting oxidizers
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Different catalysts do different things!
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Copper, like silver, can improve the functions of titanium
Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 1999, Vol. 20, No. 8
Photocatalytic Activity of Cu/TiO2 with Oxidation State of Surface-loaded Copper
the effect of oxidation state of loaded Cu on the photo-catalytic oxidation reaction. … it is expected that the loaded Cu may improve photocatalytic activity of TiO2,
SOLAR PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER USING A DUAL BED PHOTOSYSTEM, Clovis A. Linkous, Darlene K. Slattery, Florida Solar Energy Center, University of Central Florida
…As it turned out, the more common copper Pc evolved the most H2… our best H2-evolving photocatalyst was copper.
Copper has unique abilities to work with hydrogen
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Different catalysts do different things!
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Why the PHI Technology is Unique
By utilizing our broad spectrum lamp, we not only produce conventional AOP reactions on the cell surface, we also produce AOP reactions within the air that passes through the cell.
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185 nm
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
185 nm emitted from cell
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185 nm
Ozone
185 nm produces ozone
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254 nm
254 nm breaks O3 back
down to O2
254 nm decomposition of ozone
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Germicidal UV Light Rays
Hydroxyl Radicals OHo
Super Oxides O2-
Hydroperoxides H2O2
Ozonide Ions O3-
Hydroxides
OH
O3
OH
O3
O2
HO2
HO2
-
O2-
AOP formation
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The PHI Cell produces and destroys ozone to facilitate the AOP reactions.
Typically greater than 87% of the actual produced ozone is decomposed in the AOP process.
Devices utilizing the PHI cells are not ozone generators.
PHI Cell advantages
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PHI Cell advantages
•Uses germicidal UV for microbe inactivation.
•Uses germicidal UV for Catalytic AOP reactions.
•Uses the combination of UV wavelengths to produce AOP reactions in air.
•AOP reactions inactivate microbes as well as destroy odors.
•AOP reactants remain effective after leaving cell
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APS Cartridges
The Technology
•Fog
•HEPA
•Ultra
•Mercury
•Radon
•VOC
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RGF APS
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FOG Cartridge
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Oleophillic Media
+ +
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Negatively charged oil sticks to positively charged filter
Macro matrix Micro matrix
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Ultra Pleated Particulate Cartridge
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Ultra Pleated Particulate Cartridge
3,240 square inches versus 66 square inches. Almost 50 times more surface area.
The same filter area as 4.5’ x 5’ HVAC filter
MERV 15
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Adsorbtion
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Mercury Cartridge
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Mercury Cartridge
A specialty bed of sublimed sulfur carbon designed for maximum adsorption of airborne mercury.
Calculated maximum adsorption per cartridge:
APS Mini 26 grams
APS 148 grams
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VOC Cartridge
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VOC Cartridge
A blend of activated carbon and natural elements for adsorption of a wide variety of volatile organic compounds.
Calculated typical adsorption per cartridge:
APS Mini 32.9 grams *
APS 191 grams *
* Actual adsorption may vary dependent on VOC encountered
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Radon Cartridge
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A blend of natural elements poly activated for efficient absorption of radioactive radon gas.
Calculated typical adsorption per cartridge:
APS Mini 37.6 grams
APS 225 grams
Radon Cartridge
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Multi Cartridge
245 square inches versus 66 square inches
Particulate and Odor (carbon coated)
Rated at 90% down to 7 micron MERV 7
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IAQ
Acceptable indoor air quality:
Air in which there are no known contaminants at harmful concentrations as determined by cognizant authorities and which a substantial majority (80%) or more of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction.
ASHRAE Standard 62-2001
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IAQ
• OSHA has proposed IAQ regulations
• Some legislation was introduced on toxic mold -Melina Bill
• No specific IAQ Laws or Regulations currently
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IAQ TESTING
• Identify the problem-Use a common sense approach-Does the establishment have
visible indicators? -Use the test sensors you walk
around with.-Communicate with the owner
-IAQ professionals are actually using quantitative testing as a last resort
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Test Kit
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Typical PHI Cell Reductions in air
Reduction Over 4 Day Period
020406080
100120140
1 2 3 4
Days 1- 4
CF
U/m
3
Bacteria and Mold CFU
2nd Day 71.2 %3rd Day 86.8 %4rd Day 95.4 %
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PHI Cell Odor Reductions in air100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
024 HOURS
Unit on Unit off
Off ~ 25%
On ~ 75%
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Thank you for
your attention