The TechnologyWalter Ellis

Photohydroionization Cell

Broad spectrum lamp

Quad-metallic hydrophilic coating

“Photo” Process

Broad spectrum UV lamp

Quad-metallic Hydrophilic coating

Optimal surface area

PHI CellHydrated Coating

PPC Sleeve

254 nm hv

Germicidal Inactivation

Photo-Catalytic Hydrated – Quad-Metallic

High intensity UV light activates the hydrated quad-metallic catalyst target

Photoelectric Effect:

The conversion of light to electricity

Conventional Advanced Oxidation Reaction

Formation of OHo

Super Oxide Ions O2-

Hydroperoxides HO2

H HO

H HO

H HO

O2-

HO2

O2-

HO2

254 nm hv

Hydrated Quad-metallic Catalytic Coating Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent

The Quad-metallic coating: has particular affinities, breaks bonds, releases electrons, holds and releases atoms, steals other electrons. absorbs water vaporIt changes everything but itself remains unchanged. It is a “Catalytic” process.

“Hydrophilic” means

that it attracts water,

(H2O from the air)

This creates an abundance

of hydrogen

and oxygen on the

coating

Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating

Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent

Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating

Different catalysts do different things!

Catalytic Surface

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a multifaceted compound. It's the stuff that makes toothpaste white and paint opaque. TiO2 is also a potent photocatalyst that can break down almost any organic compound.

Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent

Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating

Different catalysts do different things!

“when TiO2 is exposed to UV light of a wavelength

below 385 nanometers in the presence of water vapor, two highly reactive substances are formed: hydroxyl radicals [OH] and a superoxide ion [O2

-1].”

"These are highly reactive chemical species. Hydroxyl radicals are very strong oxidizers and will attack all kinds of organic materials.” Daniel Blake, Dept of Energy’s

Natural Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent

Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating

Different catalysts do different things!

Vol. 05, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY, 2003

Enhanced activity of silver modified thin film TiO2 photocatalysts

This silver doped photocatalyst decomposes the pollutant 3-times faster than the un-doped TiO2.

Silver speeds up titanium reactions

It was postulated that silver enhanced the reduction potential of TiO2, … It was found that … the reduction potential of the photocatalytic system can be altered by varying the amount of silver doped onto the TiO2.

The amount of silver alters the photocatalytic system

Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent

Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating

Different catalysts do different things!

The Current Status of Catalysis by Silver R Schlögl, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Ges., Faradayweg.

4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany

Elemental silver is a unique catalyst for selective oxidation reactions, … Four different species of atomic oxygen interacting in spectroscopically distinct ways with silver have been identified

Atomic Oxygen Species Adsorbed on Silver. V.I.Bukhtiyarov, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva prosp., 5,Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

This paper summarizes our efforts to study the nature of oxygen species adsorbed on silver and their reactivity

Silver has some unique abilities to work with energized forms of oxygen

Silver is an excellent electrical conductor

Silver is stable and will not itself oxidize in the course of creating and transporting oxidizers

Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent

Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating

Different catalysts do different things!

Copper, like silver, can improve the functions of titanium

Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 1999, Vol. 20, No. 8

Photocatalytic Activity of Cu/TiO2 with Oxidation State of Surface-loaded Copper

the effect of oxidation state of loaded Cu on the photo-catalytic oxidation reaction. … it is expected that the loaded Cu may improve photocatalytic activity of TiO2,

SOLAR PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER USING A DUAL BED PHOTOSYSTEM, Clovis A. Linkous, Darlene K. Slattery, Florida Solar Energy Center, University of Central Florida

…As it turned out, the more common copper Pc evolved the most H2… our best H2-evolving photocatalyst was copper.

Copper has unique abilities to work with hydrogen

Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent

Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating

Different catalysts do different things!

Why the PHI Technology is Unique

By utilizing our broad spectrum lamp, we not only produce conventional AOP reactions on the cell surface, we also produce AOP reactions within the air that passes through the cell.

185 nm

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

185 nm emitted from cell

185 nm

Ozone

185 nm produces ozone

254 nm

254 nm breaks O3 back

down to O2

254 nm decomposition of ozone

Germicidal UV Light Rays

Hydroxyl Radicals OHo

Super Oxides O2-

Hydroperoxides H2O2

Ozonide Ions O3-

Hydroxides

OH

O3

OH

O3

O2

HO2

HO2

-

O2-

AOP formation

The PHI Cell produces and destroys ozone to facilitate the AOP reactions.

Typically greater than 87% of the actual produced ozone is decomposed in the AOP process.

Devices utilizing the PHI cells are not ozone generators.

PHI Cell advantages

PHI Cell advantages

•Uses germicidal UV for microbe inactivation.

•Uses germicidal UV for Catalytic AOP reactions.

•Uses the combination of UV wavelengths to produce AOP reactions in air.

•AOP reactions inactivate microbes as well as destroy odors.

•AOP reactants remain effective after leaving cell

APS Cartridges

The Technology

•Fog

•HEPA

•Ultra

•Mercury

•Radon

•VOC

RGF APS

FOG Cartridge

Oleophillic Media

+ +

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Negatively charged oil sticks to positively charged filter

Macro matrix Micro matrix

Ultra Pleated Particulate Cartridge

Ultra Pleated Particulate Cartridge

3,240 square inches versus 66 square inches. Almost 50 times more surface area.

The same filter area as 4.5’ x 5’ HVAC filter

MERV 15

Adsorbtion

Mercury Cartridge

Mercury Cartridge

A specialty bed of sublimed sulfur carbon designed for maximum adsorption of airborne mercury.

Calculated maximum adsorption per cartridge:

APS Mini 26 grams

APS 148 grams

VOC Cartridge

VOC Cartridge

A blend of activated carbon and natural elements for adsorption of a wide variety of volatile organic compounds.

Calculated typical adsorption per cartridge:

APS Mini 32.9 grams *

APS 191 grams *

* Actual adsorption may vary dependent on VOC encountered

Radon Cartridge

A blend of natural elements poly activated for efficient absorption of radioactive radon gas.

Calculated typical adsorption per cartridge:

APS Mini 37.6 grams

APS 225 grams

Radon Cartridge

Multi Cartridge

245 square inches versus 66 square inches

Particulate and Odor (carbon coated)

Rated at 90% down to 7 micron MERV 7

IAQ

Acceptable indoor air quality:

Air in which there are no known contaminants at harmful concentrations as determined by cognizant authorities and which a substantial majority (80%) or more of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction.

ASHRAE Standard 62-2001

IAQ

• OSHA has proposed IAQ regulations

• Some legislation was introduced on toxic mold -Melina Bill

• No specific IAQ Laws or Regulations currently

IAQ TESTING

• Identify the problem-Use a common sense approach-Does the establishment have

visible indicators? -Use the test sensors you walk

around with.-Communicate with the owner

-IAQ professionals are actually using quantitative testing as a last resort

Test Kit

Typical PHI Cell Reductions in air

Reduction Over 4 Day Period

020406080

100120140

1 2 3 4

Days 1- 4

CF

U/m

3

Bacteria and Mold CFU

2nd Day 71.2 %3rd Day 86.8 %4rd Day 95.4 %

PHI Cell Odor Reductions in air100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

024 HOURS

Unit on Unit off

Off ~ 25%

On ~ 75%

Thank you for

your attention