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Greece
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GreeceTime-Life Video
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Athens was the most powerful city-state
Athens was almost always expected to win.
The constructing of Athens was completed in 50 years.
Partheron: AthensHistory
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Located on the Mediterrean Sea and the Adriatic Sea.
See map
Partheron: AthensGeography
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Started with a king Citizens owned slaves True democracy –
everyone (men) was involved
Citizen – a male born within the city gates
Partheron: AthensGovernment
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Spent tax money on statues and temples Athens was paid to protect other city-states
Partheron: AthensEconomy
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Athena was their primary goddess
Poisiden – god of storms and seas
Battles of Ancient Greece
Partheron: AthensCulture
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Athens – Ancient Democracy
Modern World History textbook, pages 5-9
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Athens Builds a Limited Democracy (5-6)◦ Introduction◦ Reform of Solon◦ Reform of Cleisthenes
Changes in Greek Democracy (6-8)◦ Introduction & Pericles◦ Greek Philosophers & Legacy of Greece
Rome Develops a Republic (8) Roman Law (8-9)
The Legacy of Ancient Greece and Rome
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Introduction◦ Until 683, had a monarchy◦ Created a council with three
noblemen elected by the citizens
Athens Builds a Limited Democracy
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Reforms of Solon◦ Created the Council of Four Hundred of nobles◦ Established four classes based on wealth◦ Outlawed debt-slavery for citizens
Athens Builds a Limited Democracy
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Reforms of Cleithenes◦ Created the Council of Five Hundred, including
citizens, who were chosen by lot◦ Allows all citizens to vote, submit laws, & serve on
Council
Athens Builds a Limited Democracy
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Introduction◦ 479 BC City-states joined together against Darius
& Xerxes’ Persian forces. Athens become the leader of Delian League, 140
city-states
Changes in Greek Democracy
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Pericles◦ Ruled 32 years (461-429 BC)◦ the Golden Age of Greece, lasted 50 years ◦ Held public debates about war◦ Paid citizens to serve as jurors and officials
Sparta then Phillip II and Alexander the Great took power (monarchy) in 338 BC
Changes in Greek Democracy
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Greek Philosophers – followed a set of rules: universe is set together through laws; humans can understand these laws through reason. 1. Socrates – 2. Plato –The Republic3. Aristotle –Politics
Changes in Greek Democracy
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Legacy of Greece◦ Developed the ideas for creating checks and
balances in the government
Changes in Greek Democracy
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Rome – Ancient Republic
Modern World History textbook – pages 7-9
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Introduction◦ About 1000 – 500 BC, Romans took control of the
Italian penisula from the Greeks and the Etruscans.
◦ In 509 B.C., Romans established a republic after overthrowing the king.
Rome Develops a Republic
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From Kingdom to Republic◦ Government system taken from the Greeks
Citizens were free-born males Council members served for one year Created branchs of government
◦ Romans established a republic Patricians = aristocrats Plebeians = commoner (farmers, artisans, &
merchants)
Rome Develops a Republic
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Republican Government ◦ Separate branches
Two Councils (men) = army and government Senate = Supreme ruling body (patricians) foreign &
financial policies Two Assemblies = (plebeian)
◦ A dictator could be appointed in a time of crisis for six-months
◦ Augustus became emperor in 27 BC
Rome Develops a Republic
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Introduction ◦ Believed the law should protect citizens and
property – not just the rich.◦ Created a universal code of laws, based on reason
Equal treatment Innocent until proven guilty Accuser must prove guilt of the accused Unreasonable laws can be put aside.
Roman Law
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Written Legal Code ◦ Decided to record the law◦ Twelve Tablets – written Roman law (451 BC)
Equal treatment Innocent until proven guilty Accuser must prove guilt of the accused Unreasonable laws can be put aside.
◦ Code of Justinian - Compiled all the Roman laws (528 CE)
Roman Law
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Terms: Senate and dictator Individual is a citizen not a subject Written legal code for all citizens
Legacy of Rome
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Closure: Answer #3 or #4 on p.9
Roman Greek
Which characteristic of government under the Roman Republic has the greatest impact on the democractic tradition?
Control by citizens Separation of
government branchs Regard for written law
How do the steps Athens Greece took reflect a turn toward democracy?◦ Solon’s reforms◦ Cleisthenes’ reforms◦ Pericle’s reforms