Greece

GreeceTime-Life Video

Athens was the most powerful city-state

Athens was almost always expected to win.

The constructing of Athens was completed in 50 years.

Partheron: AthensHistory

Located on the Mediterrean Sea and the Adriatic Sea.

See map

Partheron: AthensGeography

Started with a king Citizens owned slaves True democracy –

everyone (men) was involved

Citizen – a male born within the city gates

Partheron: AthensGovernment

Spent tax money on statues and temples Athens was paid to protect other city-states

Partheron: AthensEconomy

Athena was their primary goddess

Poisiden – god of storms and seas

Battles of Ancient Greece

Partheron: AthensCulture

Athens – Ancient Democracy

Modern World History textbook, pages 5-9

Athens Builds a Limited Democracy (5-6)◦ Introduction◦ Reform of Solon◦ Reform of Cleisthenes

Changes in Greek Democracy (6-8)◦ Introduction & Pericles◦ Greek Philosophers & Legacy of Greece

Rome Develops a Republic (8) Roman Law (8-9)

The Legacy of Ancient Greece and Rome

Introduction◦ Until 683, had a monarchy◦ Created a council with three

noblemen elected by the citizens

Athens Builds a Limited Democracy

Reforms of Solon◦ Created the Council of Four Hundred of nobles◦ Established four classes based on wealth◦ Outlawed debt-slavery for citizens

Athens Builds a Limited Democracy

Reforms of Cleithenes◦ Created the Council of Five Hundred, including

citizens, who were chosen by lot◦ Allows all citizens to vote, submit laws, & serve on

Council

Athens Builds a Limited Democracy

Introduction◦ 479 BC City-states joined together against Darius

& Xerxes’ Persian forces. Athens become the leader of Delian League, 140

city-states

Changes in Greek Democracy

Pericles◦ Ruled 32 years (461-429 BC)◦ the Golden Age of Greece, lasted 50 years ◦ Held public debates about war◦ Paid citizens to serve as jurors and officials

Sparta then Phillip II and Alexander the Great took power (monarchy) in 338 BC

Changes in Greek Democracy

Greek Philosophers – followed a set of rules: universe is set together through laws; humans can understand these laws through reason. 1. Socrates – 2. Plato –The Republic3. Aristotle –Politics

Changes in Greek Democracy

Legacy of Greece◦ Developed the ideas for creating checks and

balances in the government

Changes in Greek Democracy

Rome – Ancient Republic

Modern World History textbook – pages 7-9

Introduction◦ About 1000 – 500 BC, Romans took control of the

Italian penisula from the Greeks and the Etruscans.

◦ In 509 B.C., Romans established a republic after overthrowing the king.

Rome Develops a Republic

From Kingdom to Republic◦ Government system taken from the Greeks

Citizens were free-born males Council members served for one year Created branchs of government

◦ Romans established a republic Patricians = aristocrats Plebeians = commoner (farmers, artisans, &

merchants)

Rome Develops a Republic

Republican Government ◦ Separate branches

Two Councils (men) = army and government Senate = Supreme ruling body (patricians) foreign &

financial policies Two Assemblies = (plebeian)

◦ A dictator could be appointed in a time of crisis for six-months

◦ Augustus became emperor in 27 BC

Rome Develops a Republic

Introduction ◦ Believed the law should protect citizens and

property – not just the rich.◦ Created a universal code of laws, based on reason

Equal treatment Innocent until proven guilty Accuser must prove guilt of the accused Unreasonable laws can be put aside.

Roman Law

Written Legal Code ◦ Decided to record the law◦ Twelve Tablets – written Roman law (451 BC)

Equal treatment Innocent until proven guilty Accuser must prove guilt of the accused Unreasonable laws can be put aside.

◦ Code of Justinian - Compiled all the Roman laws (528 CE)

Roman Law

Terms: Senate and dictator Individual is a citizen not a subject Written legal code for all citizens

Legacy of Rome

Closure: Answer #3 or #4 on p.9

Roman Greek

Which characteristic of government under the Roman Republic has the greatest impact on the democractic tradition?

Control by citizens Separation of

government branchs Regard for written law

How do the steps Athens Greece took reflect a turn toward democracy?◦ Solon’s reforms◦ Cleisthenes’ reforms◦ Pericle’s reforms