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Timeline
2800-2000 BCE Indus Valley civilization began 1200-900 BCE Earliest Holy Scriptures
compiled 900-600 BCE Brahmanical religion
develops, emphasizing ritual and social obligation
800-300 BCE More Holy Scriptures are written, which include the ideas of reincarnation and karma as well as the rise of devotional movements
500 BCE Buddhism and Jainism founded in India
Timeline 600-1600 CE Holy Scriptures continue to be
written and worship rituals develop
1700-1900 CE Hindu Renaissance 1857 CE National War of Independence 1895 CE Vedanta Society founded to
promote Hinduism as a world religion and India as a nation
1915 CE Gandhi joins the nationalist movement (1948
assassinated) 1950 CE Constitution of India
General Facts One of the oldest religions and 3rd largest One god in three persons with many helpers Believe there is more than one way to reach
“Heaven” Does not have a specific Holy Literature, instead
several books Family oriented and very cultural Believe in reincarnation Mainly practiced in India Has over 900 million believers worldwide as of
2009.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jesIqlDkKdY
Location
Maps of Origin and Distribution
Maps of Origin and Distribution
Holy Scripture Vedas (Wisdom) Divided into two broad categories: Shruti and
Smriti Original four parts
Rig Veda: oldest part of Vedas Yajur Veda: about sacrifices Sama Veda: hymnal to the gods Atharva-Veda: magic spells Scripture added later Brahmanas: duties of the priests explained Upanishads: meaning of the universe mediations Mahabharata: tale of war between the gods Ramayana: story of god Rama and the quest to find
his wife ,Sita, from the demon called Ravana Puranas: elaborates on the stories, worshipping of
different gods, creation, destruction and re-creation of the universe, philosophy, as well as other topics
Bhagavad Gita: also part of the holy scripture
Holy ScriptureVedas are god ordained and
sacredOne god but three in one (Triad):
Brahman: Brahma, Vishnu, ShivaBrahma: creatorVishnu: protector/ preserverShiva: destroyer
Brahma Vishnu
Shiva
Symbols and ArtifactsSanskrit Om is used in prayers or
mantras Cows are considered sacred
because of their gentleness and they give more that they take
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgEk4dPImNI
Om- Purity and possibility
Symbols and Artifacts
Vermillion bindi (red dot)
Bindi
Hindu god Shiva Nataraja (Lord of the Dance) performing the cosmic dance of bliss.
Lotus Flower: symbolizes seeking Moksha
Bindi: symbolizes female energy and protection from evil
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=002AY4cb5uw watch if time about Bindi
Fundamental PrinciplesTeachings: Four aims
Dharma: performing religious and social duties
Artha: building up of wealthKama: fulfilling one’s desires Moksha: freedom of the
continuous cycles of reincarnation
Fundamental Principles
Ways of Achieving Moksha:Knowledge: to experience
union with the godsAction: acting selfless, others
before yourselfDevotion: prayers, chanting
of Vedas, surrender oneself to the will of the gods
HolidaysRaksha Bandhan:
Celebrates love between brother and sister
Celebrated in July or August “ On Raksha Bandhan, sisters tie a bracelet onto their
brother’s hand which means we wish him luck for the rest of his life and he gives his sisters money,” my friend Mona Patel said.
HolidaysNavarati:
Nine day celebration of Mother Durga’s victory over evil demon
Celebrated this year from October 9-18, 2010
“We dance tradition dances like the Garba and the Raas from like 8 till 3 in the morning,” my friend Mona Patel said.
Couple dance the Garba
HolidaysDiwali:
celebrates the goddess named Lakshmi (luhksh-mee), who is the goddess of wealth, fertility, and prosperity.
Celebrated in October or November Is also known as the festival of lights and is
the start of the financial year in India
Religious RitesPrenatal Rituals
Rite of Conception: performed before conception, wish for a male child and protection of the child while in the womb.
After 3-4 months another ceremony is performed wishing for male child and safeguards against miscarriages.
Between 4-8 months a ceremony is performed to protect the child against evil spirits.
Childhood Rituals: Naming ceremony occurs between the 10th and 12th day
of life. Girls receive ceremonial ear piercing between the ages of
1 to 5. Boys receive their first haircut by the time they turn 5. Other rituals are performed to help the children prepare
to assume their religious and social duties as adults Upanayana is a spiritual re-birth that only involves males
from the upper three castes in Hindu Society which leads to purity. (Ages 16,22,24)
Religious RitesMarriage
Important ritual in Hindu societyA man is not complete until marriage
and having a son.Elaborate ceremony
Lady wearing a traditional wedding Sari
Red and Gold: symbolizes love and faith Nikit Malkan wearing a sherwani which is typically worn during religious or attending wedding ceremonies
Religious RitesDeath:
Body is carried in a procession to the local cremation grounds
Procession lead by eldest son, who acts as chief mourner calling out the name of a god.
Cremation is the last the sacrifice in which the body is offered in the sacred fire
The deceased is born again and united with their ancestors
Mourning can last from 12 days -1 year
Major ContributorsNo single founder
Veda Vyasa1500 BCE
Sankara 700 CE
Ramanuja1000 CE
Madhva1200 CE
Religious & Social Structure
Brahmins-Priests
Kshatriya- Warriors
Vaisyas- Commoners/
MerchantsSudras-
Peasants/Artisans
Pariahs-Untouchables
Roles of WomenNot allowed to read or hear Vedas
because they are not believed to be spiritually inclined.
Dependent on fathers, husbands, and sons
Primarily viewed as mothershttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBsYhq-eTXA
Art Most art is centered around
religious beliefs.DanceMusicSculpture
Science/TechnologyEducation: 1st University 700 BCEMathematics: Concept of zero,
Quadratic equation, TrigonometryAstronomy: Solar System, 365
days/yearMedicine: Holistic and herbal
practices
Influence on Political & Economic Systems
Mahatma(Mohandas) Gandhi (1869-1949): Father of India Lead non-violent protests against the British Influenced Martin Luther King Jr. who lead the United States Civil Rights Movement in 1960’s to end segregation
The Caste system and the religious beliefs influenced both the Political and Economic systems of India
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<www.hindujanajagrutisamiti.org>. Goa, David J., and Harold G. Coward. "Hinduism." The Canadian Encyclopedia. The Canadian
Encyclopedia. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=A1ARTA0003777>.
"Images." Google. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <http://www.google.ca/>. Martin, Phillip. "PowerPoint's on Hinduism." Hinduism PowerPoint's. Web. 18 Oct. 2010.
<http://religions.pppst.com/hinduism.html>. "The Meaning of Om." Om and Mantras. Web. 19 Oct. 2010.
<www.omsakthi.org/worship/mantra.html>. "Other Hindu Symbols." YGO Hinduism. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://hinduism.ygoy.com/more-
hinduism/symbols.php>. "Religious Distribution of the Population." Population Foundations of India. 2005. Web. 19 Oct. 2010.
<http://www.popfound.org/pop_clock.html>. Wangu, Madhu Bazaz. Hinduism World Religion. New York: Facts on File, 1991. Print. • "Timeline of Hinduism - Religion Facts." Religion, World Religions, Comparative Religion - Just the
Facts on the World's Religions. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <http://www.religionfacts.com/hinduism/timeline.htm>.
• "Hinduism Basics." Hindu American Foundation. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. <http://www.hafsite.org/resources/hinduism_101/hinduism_basics>.