Topic: BiochemistryAim: What is the stuff that makes up stuff?
DO NOW: List 3 ideas and
explain
1.2.3.
Life Science is the study of living things
such as plants and animals
that study non-living systems
Physical science is the study of the properties and structures of matter, space and time
Physical Science
When these world collide!
•Smallest unit of matter known.
•Composed of protons, neutron, electrons
•100 million atoms lined up in a row = one centimeter
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects.
example: A desk, the air, There are 90 naturally occurring kinds of atoms. Scientists in labs have been able to make about 25 more.
Types of subatomic particlesCombine with electrons and (usually) neutrons to make atoms
Protons are nearly the same size as neutrons and are much larger than electrons.
Protons have a positive electrical charge
Types of sub-atomic particles
Neutron does not have an electrical charge called a neutral chargeNeutrons and protons are almost exactly the same size but much larger than electrons
Types of subatomic particles
Electrons have a negative electrical charge
Found on electron clouds surrounding the nucleus
•A pure substance that consists of entirely one type of atom•Represented by letters or symbols•Approximately two dozen are found in living things
In total, 117 elements have been observed as of 2007, of which 94
occur naturally on Earth.
How do I read the periodic table?
Atomic number: # of protons
There are an equal number of electrons
as protons
Atomic Mass: # of protons + # of neutrons
Examples of elements
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Sodium
Chlorine
Potassium
Sulfur
OH
CNa
SN
KCl
•Substances that are formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elementsMost abundant compound on Earth is___________
water
• Are expressed through formulas1.Chemical formulas
2.Structural formulas
C12H22O1
1 C6H12O6
The attraction of atoms that cause element to form compounds
Chemical Bonds
a. COVALENT
•Sharing of electrons
b. IONIC
•Attraction between two opposites (charged
atoms)
Gas
• Has no fixed shape• Has no fixed volume• Made of particles that move rapidly • The particles also have large spaces between
them in comparison to solids and liquids
Examples of Gases are
• Steam• Oxygen• Carbon dioxide• Smog• Tear Gas• Helium
Check out the Following Site on Gas :
Liquid
• Has no fixed shape• Has a fixed volume• Particles move past one another easily• Particles are fairly close, but not in a neat
even arrangement as the particles in a solid are
Examples of Liquids are
• Orange Juice• Water• Soft drinks• Milk• Rubbing Alcohol• Vinegar
Check out the following Site on Liquids :
Solid• Has a fixed shape• Has a fixed volume• Particles are arranged in a tight, regular
pattern• Particles move very little
Examples of Solids are
• Ice• Frog• Cheese• Bricks• Wood• Popcicle
Check out theFollowing Site on Solids :
Aim: How are the Three States of Matter accomplished?
Watch this BrainpopMovie on the
States of Matter :
Writing Activity
• The students will describe the three states of matter and include the following :
• At least one example of each state• A description of each state
Phases of matter
Topic: BiochemistryAim: Why do compound behave differently?
DO NOW: Handout #1-5
and Using the
following words create one sentence.elementcompoundatom
Compounds are any combination of different elements which are each made up of one type of atom.
There are two categories of compounds:
•Organic•Inorganic
•is a chemical compound that contains carbon and hydrogen
•Found in all living things
Examples •C6H1206
•CH4
•Is chemical compound that DOES NOT contain Carbon and hydrogen bonds•Not capable of creating life, no combination makes lifeExamples
•NaCl • H2O
NaCl
Lipids make up fats, oils and
waxes
Lipids can be found in
butter, olive oil, peanut oil, cheese, milk,
animal fat
LIPIDS THAT LIPIDS THAT ARE ARE SOLID
ARE CALLED ARE CALLED FATFAT
LIPIDS THAT ARE LIQUID ARE CALLED
OIL
Lipids Building blocks :One Glycerol molecule and three Fatty Acid molecules
Chemical Formulas:
C57H110O6C54H99O6
Ratio is greater than 1:2:1
Lipid Function
s
include energy storage, acting as
structural parts of cell
membranes, insulation, and participating as
important signaling molecules
Topic: BiochemistryAim: Why are carbohydrates needed for life?
1. H2 7. Al2
2. H2SO4 8. H
3. C6H12O6
4. S 5. H2O
6. CO2
DO NOW: Identify the following as an atom, an element, or a compound:
CarbohydratesBuilding blocks:
MonosaccharidesAka simple sugars
Chemical Formulas:
C6H12O6
C12H22O11
Ratio 1:2:1
Source of short term
& long term ENERGY
Carbohydrate Functions
Carbohydrates come in
many formsthat are
classified into three
categories:
1. How can determine a lipid by chemical formula?
2. How can we identify a carbohydrate by name?
3. What is the usual structural shape of a carbohydrate molecule?
Greater than 2:1 ratio
-OSE ending
Ring shaped
DO Now: Complete Quiz # 6
There are 20 different sorts of amino acid, each
with slightly different
propertiesProteins are made
up of chains of amino acids, and
are often folded up into a ball shape.
An 'average' protein has about 250 amino acids in
its chain. How many different combinations are there of 250 amino acids? Although there are billions
and billions of possible combinations, actually
there are less than 100,000 used in the
human body according to the best estimates of the
scientists.