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UNIVERZITET U ZENICI
Mašinski fakultet
Aleksandar KaračMFZE, room 1111Tel: 449 120, ext. 140Email: [email protected] TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics(Virtual prototyping)
PART I:
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Traditional approach in product development
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Virtual Prototyping (VP) approach in product development
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
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Virtual prototyping
o simulation-based-design
o iterative design refinement of a designed product using a computer-based functional physical simulation (CAD/CAE)
o CAD – Computer Aided Design
o CAE – Computer Aided Engineering
o CAM – Computer Aided Manufacturing
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
VP - benefits
o Decreasing slow and expensive hardware’s cycles produce-test-modify
o Increasing quality
o Vast application usage: automotive, aero, metal, electro industry, …
o Treating the system as a whole
o Covering wider area of analyses: ergonomics, noise, safety tolerances, …
o Decreases number of actual prototypes for the same functionality
BUT ….
o Cannot overcome the need for a physical model (prototype)
o Give the best results with physical prototype
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAD – computer aided design
o 2D drafting
o 3D modelling – contemporary approach
o Global team work
o Geometrical modelling: primitives, Boolean operations, lines, arcs, …
o Parametric modelling
o Feature-based parametric modelling
o Interactive freeform surfacing
o Reversed engineering (3D scanning of physical models)
o Digital sketching
o Applications for 3D model formations from sketch
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAD – computer aided design
o 3D to 2D views
o 3D components can be easily assembled into complex virtual models
o The major benefit: reusability
o Different CAD formats
o Model calculations (mass, centre of gravity, moment of inertia)
o Visualisation (rendering, semi-transparency, perspectives, hidden lines, …)
o Programming codes for model control and establishing relations between parts
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE – computer aided engineering
• Stress and strain analysis
• Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
• Kinematics analysis
• Analysis and sintesis of mechanisms
• Production process simulations (casting, forging, … )
• Tolerance analysis
• Simulations based on numerical methods (DM, FEM, FVM, BEM, MM, PM, MoC, … )
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE – computer aided engineering
• Product or process optimisation
• Variable parameters
• Calculations for different parametric variants
• Optimal solution from iterative process, and model correction
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAM – computer aided manufacturing
• CAD model is used for (semi-)automatic generation of CNC program for machining centres
• Metal, wood industry, rapid prototyping, art, …
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
Visualisation
• VP visualisation
• 3D model manipulation
• Virtual Reality
• Balić S., Numerička analiza procesa strujanja i naponskog stanja centrifugalnih pumpi u sistemima za hlađenjeautomobilskih motora, PhD, 2002
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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• Simulations based on numerical methods (DM, FEM, FVM, BEM, MM, PM, MoC, … )
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE – computer aided engineering
Basic steps of numerical simulation of an engineering problem
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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• Concept of continuum• Continuity, homogeneity and isotropy• Fundamental laws of continuum mechanics and other concepts
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE – computer aided engineering
1.Mass conservation2.Reynold’s theorem3.Conservation of linear momentum (1st Euler’s law, 2nd Newton’s law)4.Conservation of angular momentum5.Energy conservation law (1st law of thermodynamics)6.Law of entropy production (2nd law of thermodynamics)7.Equations for large deformations, …
• Constitutive relationships and equation of state
1. Hooke’s law of elasticity,2. Pascal’s law of hydrostatic pressure,3. Newton’s law of viscosity,4. Fourier’s law of heat conduction.
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE – computer aided engineering
• Mathematical model
φ- transported property (displacement u, velocity v or temperature T) Bφ and Gφ are given in Table
qφS contains parts of the mass or heat flux vector or the stress tensor, which are not included in Γφ grad φ
q φS contains the volumetric source terms.
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE – computer aided engineering
• Finite Volume discretisation
Main concepts and ideas of numerical analysis
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Time and space discretisation
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE – computer aided engineering
• Finite Volume discretisation
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE – computer aided engineering
• Finite Volume discretisation
Equation discretisation
φ φφ⋅ =A b
Initial and boundary conditions
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE – computer aided engineering
ITT test – asphalt, UCD, 2007
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
* Hodžić N., Numerička analiza strujanja ulja kroz razvodne elemente hidrauličnih sistema, PhD, 2005
CAE - examples of application
Fluid flow through hydrulic components*
razvodni ventil sa klipom
http://www.unze.ba/doktorati/index.htm
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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CAE - examples of application Fluid flow through hydrulic components
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
z = 1 mm z = 0,8 mm
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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CAE - examples of application Fluid flow through hydrulic components
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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CAE - examples of application Fluid flow through hydrulic components
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
z = 1 mm z = 0,8 mm
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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CAE - examples of application Fluid flow through hydrulic components
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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2
1
CAE - examples of application Fluid flow through hydrulic components
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
naizmjenično nepovratni ventil
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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CAE - examples of application Fluid flow through hydrulic components
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
naizmjenično nepovratni ventil
Nepovratni ventil
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CAE - examples of application Fluid flow through hydrulic components
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE - examples of application
• Balić S., Numerička analiza procesa strujanja i naponskog stanja centrifugalnih pumpi u sistemima za hlađenjeautomobilskih motora, PhD, 2002
design optimisation of centrifugal pumps*
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
design optimisation of centrifugal pumpsCAE - examples of application
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
design optimisation of centrifugal pumpsCAE - examples of application
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
design optimisation of centrifugal pumpsCAE - examples of application
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
design optimisation of centrifugal pumpsCAE - examples of application
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE - examples of application design optimisation of centrifugal pumps
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE - examples of application design optimisation of centrifugal pumps
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE - examples of application design optimisation of centrifugal pumps
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE - examples of application design optimisation of centrifugal pumps
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE - examples of application design optimisation of centrifugal pumps
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE - examples of application
Mataln M, Particle filtration processes in deformable media
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE - examples of application Particle filtration processes in deformable media
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE - examples of application
Ledri M, Poian M, Russo R, Aerodynamic analysis of Sails
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Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
CAE - examples of application Aerodynamic analysis of Sails
• Free surface flows• Aerodynamic study of hull appendices• Aerodynamic analysis of sails
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CAE - examples of application
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
Aerodynamic analysis of Sails
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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CAE - examples of application
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
Aerodynamic analysis of Sails
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CAE - examples of application
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
Aerodynamic analysis of Sails
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Gallinger T et al, FSI on Light-weight structures
CAE - examples of application
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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CAE - examples of application
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
FSI on Light-weight structures
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Page M and Beaudoin M, Turbomachinery Turbomachinery Applications Applications
CAE - examples of application
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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CAE - examples of application
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
Turbomachinery Turbomachinery Applications Applications
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Bos F, van Oudheusden B, Bijl B, Three-dimensional numerical simulations offlapping wings at low Reynolds numbers
CAE - examples of application
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
A. Karač 49/53
CAE - examples of application
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
3D numerical simulations of flapping wings at low Reynolds numbers
http://fluid.mech.kogakuin.ac.jp/~iida/mav/dragonfly.html
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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CAE - examples of application
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
3D numerical simulations of flapping wings at low Reynolds numbers
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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CAE - examples of application
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
3D numerical simulations of flapping wings at low Reynolds numbers
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
A. Karač 52/53
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
Similarity theory (basics)
• the study of physical phenomena based on the concept of physical similarity
• testing performed on similar (usually smaller) model
Cauchy’s similarity law
PaσmσoStress
-εmεoStrain
PaEmEoYoung’s modulus
NFmFoForce
MlmloLength
-λλRatio
m2AmAoArea
DimensionModelOriginalTerm
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TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
A. Karač 53/53
Numerical methods in testing product characteristics
• linear elasticity
• same stresses in the corresponding regions of the original and its model
Basic assumptions
0
2
3
0
0
11 1
m
m
0 m
length:
Aarea:
Vvolume:
stresses:
m
l
o
mo m
m
m m m om o
l o o m
ll
A
V
l lE El l
E l l E EE l l
λ
λ
λ
σ σ
σ λσ λ
=
=
=
∆ ∆= =
∆= = = = ⋅ ⋅ =
∆Lušija Z., Istraživanje mogućnosti primjene modelske sličnosti na razvoju konstrukcije visokotlačnih cilindara velikih gabarita, MSc, 2004.
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UNIVERZITET U ZENICI
Mašinski fakultet
Aleksandar KaračMFZE, room 1111Tel: 449 120, ext. 140Email: [email protected] TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
Testing polymeric materials and products
PART II: