tpc lectures i - pomacompomacom.unze.ba/pdf/tpc/09 tpc_numerical methods.pdf · • fundamental...

UNIVERZITET U ZENICI

Mašinski fakultet

Aleksandar KaračMFZE, room 1111Tel: 449 120, ext. 140Email: [email protected] TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

Numerical methods in testing product characteristics(Virtual prototyping)

PART I:

TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

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Traditional approach in product development

Numerical methods in testing product characteristics


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Virtual Prototyping (VP) approach in product development



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Virtual prototyping

o simulation-based-design

o iterative design refinement of a designed product using a computer-based functional physical simulation (CAD/CAE)

o CAD – Computer Aided Design

o CAE – Computer Aided Engineering

o CAM – Computer Aided Manufacturing



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VP - benefits

o Decreasing slow and expensive hardware’s cycles produce-test-modify

o Increasing quality

o Vast application usage: automotive, aero, metal, electro industry, …

o Treating the system as a whole

o Covering wider area of analyses: ergonomics, noise, safety tolerances, …

o Decreases number of actual prototypes for the same functionality

BUT ….

o Cannot overcome the need for a physical model (prototype)

o Give the best results with physical prototype


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CAD – computer aided design

o 2D drafting

o 3D modelling – contemporary approach

o Global team work

o Geometrical modelling: primitives, Boolean operations, lines, arcs, …

o Parametric modelling

o Feature-based parametric modelling

o Interactive freeform surfacing

o Reversed engineering (3D scanning of physical models)

o Digital sketching

o Applications for 3D model formations from sketch


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CAD – computer aided design

o 3D to 2D views

o 3D components can be easily assembled into complex virtual models

o The major benefit: reusability

o Different CAD formats

o Model calculations (mass, centre of gravity, moment of inertia)

o Visualisation (rendering, semi-transparency, perspectives, hidden lines, …)

o Programming codes for model control and establishing relations between parts


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CAE – computer aided engineering

• Stress and strain analysis

• Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

• Kinematics analysis

• Analysis and sintesis of mechanisms

• Production process simulations (casting, forging, … )

• Tolerance analysis

• Simulations based on numerical methods (DM, FEM, FVM, BEM, MM, PM, MoC, … )


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• Product or process optimisation

• Variable parameters

• Calculations for different parametric variants

• Optimal solution from iterative process, and model correction


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CAM – computer aided manufacturing

• CAD model is used for (semi-)automatic generation of CNC program for machining centres

• Metal, wood industry, rapid prototyping, art, …


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Visualisation

• VP visualisation

• 3D model manipulation

• Virtual Reality

• Balić S., Numerička analiza procesa strujanja i naponskog stanja centrifugalnih pumpi u sistemima za hlađenjeautomobilskih motora, PhD, 2002


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• Simulations based on numerical methods (DM, FEM, FVM, BEM, MM, PM, MoC, … )



Basic steps of numerical simulation of an engineering problem


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• Concept of continuum• Continuity, homogeneity and isotropy• Fundamental laws of continuum mechanics and other concepts



1.Mass conservation2.Reynold’s theorem3.Conservation of linear momentum (1st Euler’s law, 2nd Newton’s law)4.Conservation of angular momentum5.Energy conservation law (1st law of thermodynamics)6.Law of entropy production (2nd law of thermodynamics)7.Equations for large deformations, …

• Constitutive relationships and equation of state

1. Hooke’s law of elasticity,2. Pascal’s law of hydrostatic pressure,3. Newton’s law of viscosity,4. Fourier’s law of heat conduction.


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• Mathematical model

φ- transported property (displacement u, velocity v or temperature T) Bφ and Gφ are given in Table

qφS contains parts of the mass or heat flux vector or the stress tensor, which are not included in Γφ grad φ

q φS contains the volumetric source terms.


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• Finite Volume discretisation

Main concepts and ideas of numerical analysis


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Time and space discretisation





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Equation discretisation

φ φφ⋅ =A b

Initial and boundary conditions


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ITT test – asphalt, UCD, 2007


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* Hodžić N., Numerička analiza strujanja ulja kroz razvodne elemente hidrauličnih sistema, PhD, 2005

CAE - examples of application

Fluid flow through hydrulic components*

razvodni ventil sa klipom

http://www.unze.ba/doktorati/index.htm


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CAE - examples of application Fluid flow through hydrulic components


z = 1 mm z = 0,8 mm


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z = 1 mm z = 0,8 mm


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2

1



naizmjenično nepovratni ventil


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naizmjenično nepovratni ventil

Nepovratni ventil


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• Balić S., Numerička analiza procesa strujanja i naponskog stanja centrifugalnih pumpi u sistemima za hlađenjeautomobilskih motora, PhD, 2002

design optimisation of centrifugal pumps*


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design optimisation of centrifugal pumpsCAE - examples of application


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CAE - examples of application design optimisation of centrifugal pumps


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Mataln M, Particle filtration processes in deformable media


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CAE - examples of application Particle filtration processes in deformable media


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Ledri M, Poian M, Russo R, Aerodynamic analysis of Sails


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CAE - examples of application Aerodynamic analysis of Sails

• Free surface flows• Aerodynamic study of hull appendices• Aerodynamic analysis of sails


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Aerodynamic analysis of Sails


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Gallinger T et al, FSI on Light-weight structures




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FSI on Light-weight structures


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Page M and Beaudoin M, Turbomachinery Turbomachinery Applications Applications




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Turbomachinery Turbomachinery Applications Applications


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Bos F, van Oudheusden B, Bijl B, Three-dimensional numerical simulations offlapping wings at low Reynolds numbers




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3D numerical simulations of flapping wings at low Reynolds numbers

http://fluid.mech.kogakuin.ac.jp/~iida/mav/dragonfly.html


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Similarity theory (basics)

• the study of physical phenomena based on the concept of physical similarity

• testing performed on similar (usually smaller) model

Cauchy’s similarity law

PaσmσoStress

-εmεoStrain

PaEmEoYoung’s modulus

NFmFoForce

MlmloLength

-λλRatio

m2AmAoArea

DimensionModelOriginalTerm


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• linear elasticity

• same stresses in the corresponding regions of the original and its model

Basic assumptions

0

2

3

0

0

11 1

m

m

0 m

length:

Aarea:

Vvolume:

stresses:

m

l

o

mo m

m

m m m om o

l o o m

ll

A

V

l lE El l

E l l E EE l l

λ

λ

λ

σ σ

σ λσ λ

=

=

=

∆ ∆= =

∆= = = = ⋅ ⋅ =

∆Lušija Z., Istraživanje mogućnosti primjene modelske sličnosti na razvoju konstrukcije visokotlačnih cilindara velikih gabarita, MSc, 2004.

UNIVERZITET U ZENICI

Mašinski fakultet

Aleksandar KaračMFZE, room 1111Tel: 449 120, ext. 140Email: [email protected] TESTING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

Testing polymeric materials and products

PART II:

tpc lectures i - pomacompomacom.unze.ba/pdf/tpc/09 tpc_numerical methods.pdf · • fundamental...

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