Transcript
Page 1: Tucker MRI Workshop Presentation-final · 2020-01-30 · Tucker_MRI Workshop Presentation-final.pptx Author: Julia Klein Created Date: 20150926034323Z

Understanding  Environmental  Change  and  Indigenous  Adapta7on  to  Mul7ple  Stressors  in  

Catherine  Tucker  Indiana  University  

 Cordillera  Celaque,  Lempira,    Honduras  

   

 Sierra  Juarez,  Oaxaca,  Mexico  

   

Building  Resilience  of  Mountain  Social-­‐Ecological  Systems  Workshop  Estes  Park,  Colorado,  May  20-­‐25,  2012  

and  

Page 2: Tucker MRI Workshop Presentation-final · 2020-01-30 · Tucker_MRI Workshop Presentation-final.pptx Author: Julia Klein Created Date: 20150926034323Z

Physical  map  of  La7n  America  

showing  loca7on  of  Mexican  and  

Honduran    study  areas  

Below  200  m  200-­‐1000  m  1000-­‐2000  m  2000-­‐4000  m  Over  4000  m    

Page 3: Tucker MRI Workshop Presentation-final · 2020-01-30 · Tucker_MRI Workshop Presentation-final.pptx Author: Julia Klein Created Date: 20150926034323Z

Sierra  Juarez  

Loca7on  of  Sierra  Juarez  in  Oaxaca,  Mexico  

Mexico  Oaxaca  

Oaxaca’s  eleva7on:  Sea  level  to  over  3500  m.  Biologically  diverse  :  7  of  Mexico’s  9  major  ecological  zones    Culturally  diverse:    16  indigenous  languages  spoken.  

Page 4: Tucker MRI Workshop Presentation-final · 2020-01-30 · Tucker_MRI Workshop Presentation-final.pptx Author: Julia Klein Created Date: 20150926034323Z

Loca7on  of  the  Cordillera  Celaque  in  Honduras  

Page 5: Tucker MRI Workshop Presentation-final · 2020-01-30 · Tucker_MRI Workshop Presentation-final.pptx Author: Julia Klein Created Date: 20150926034323Z

Main  System  Components  &  Characteris7cs  Sierra  Juarez,  Mexico  &  Cordillera  Celaque,  Honduras    

•  Dynamic  landscape  mosaic,  patches  of  high  biodiversity:    –  Pine-­‐oak  forests,  agriculture,  cloud  forest,  shade  coffee  

•  Biophysical:    –  Topographic  complexity,  suscep7bility  to  erosion  –  Hydrology:  mountain  watersheds,  springfed  streams  –  Climate:  marked  wet  and  dry  seasons  

•   Social:    –  Cultural  context:  Indigenous  communi7es  –  Diversified  livelihoods:  subsistence  agriculture,  coffee,  community  forestry,  migra7on,  ecotourism,  wage  labor;  also  ar7sanal  po`ery  (Honduras)  and  mining  (Mexico)  

–  Economic  marginaliza7on,  limited  human  services  –  Poli7cal-­‐ins7tu7onal  arrangements  and  processes  

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Services  Provided  

•   Ecosystem  Services  – Watersheds  –  Soil  conserva7on  (with  forest  cover  and  agroforestry)  –  Carbon  sequestra7on  –  Biodiversity  (endemism,  pine-­‐oak  &  cloud  forests)      

•   Sociocultural  &  Economic  Services  –  Provision  of  7mber  and  non-­‐7mber  forest  products  –  Cultural  heritage  and  place-­‐based  iden7ty    –  Socially  &  economically  valuable  ac7vi7es  (hun7ng,  collec7ng,  agriculture,  touris7c  resources  -­‐  caves,  hiking  trails,  panoramas)  

 

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Drivers  and/or  shocks  

•  Severe  weather  &  climate  change    •  Na7onal  and  interna7onal  policies  &  

programs  (may  also  mi7gate  stressors)  •  Market  prices  (7mber,  coffee,  minerals)  •  Plant  diseases  &  pests  (pine  bark  beetle,  

coffee  pests  &  diseases)  •  Outmigra7on    •  Tourism  and  infrastructure  development  •  External  investment  (coffee,  mines,  

tourism)  •  Subsistence  needs  &  demand  for  improved  

livelihoods  

   

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Interac7ons  and  feedbacks  among  system  components  and  drivers:  Integrated  IAD*  &  

Livelihoods  Frameworks        

   

*  Ins7tu7onal  Analysis  and  Development  Framework  

Page 9: Tucker MRI Workshop Presentation-final · 2020-01-30 · Tucker_MRI Workshop Presentation-final.pptx Author: Julia Klein Created Date: 20150926034323Z

External  Incen7ves  for  adapta7on  

Risk  appraisal  Severity  and  impact    

Adapta7on  appraisal  Self-­‐efficacy,  adapta7on  

costs  and  benefits,  perceived  adapta7on  

efficacy  

Coffee  Middlemen  &  Exporters    

Cer7fica7on  agencies  

Extension  Agents  

Government  Agencies  

Informa7on  on  climate  signal  

Informa7on  on  adapta7on  

op7ons    

Adapta7on  Intent:  

Avoidance  or  Engagement  

Objec7ve  capaci7es:  livelihood  capitals  and  en7tlements  

Adapta7on  Ac7on  

Internal  Cogni7on  (Coffee  Growers)  

Specific  Example:  Model  of  Coffee  Farmers’  Adapta7on  to  Stressors  

Broad  Biophysical  and  Social-­‐Economic-­‐Poli7cal  Contexts  

Livelihood  Framework  combined  with  the  Model  of  Private  Proac7ve  Adapta7on  to  Climate  Change  

Page 10: Tucker MRI Workshop Presentation-final · 2020-01-30 · Tucker_MRI Workshop Presentation-final.pptx Author: Julia Klein Created Date: 20150926034323Z

System  features  that  confer  resilience  

•  Strong  community  governance  and  local  ins7tu7ons  for  forest  conserva7on  –  Help  to  protect  ecosystem  services  and  impede  environmental  degrada7on  

–  A`racts  development  programs  and  investments  (mixed  effects)  

•   Diversified  livelihoods    –  Increase  resilience  in  extreme  clima7c  events  and  market  vola7lity  

•  Strong  social  networks  (regionally,  na7onally  and  interna7onally)  –   Provide  a  source  of  external  economic  and  social  support  

•  Increasing  poli7cal  ac7vism:  receiving  recogni7on  from  na7onal  poli7cal  par7es  and  programs  

 

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Future  trajectories  or  alterna7ve  states  

•  Increasing  influence  of  external  investors  and  absentee  landlords,  increasing  landlessness  and  impoverishment  (leading  to  outmigra7on)  

•  Depopula7on  (migra7on),  loss  of  cultural  iden7ty  and  ins7tu7onal  arrangements  that  have  tended  to  maintain  and  value  forests    

•  Increasing  frequency  of  extreme  climate  events  and  market  vola7lity,  leading  to  increased  vulnerability  and  impoverishment  if  ecosystem  services  and  economic  op7ons  (coffee,  forestry)  decline    

OR  •  Strengthening  of  community  values,  forest  and  watershed  

conserva7on,  and  recogni7on  of  indigenous  cultures  and  alterna7ve  lifeways?    

OR  •  Dynamic,  as  yet  unforeseeable  combina7ons,  of  change  processes    

Page 12: Tucker MRI Workshop Presentation-final · 2020-01-30 · Tucker_MRI Workshop Presentation-final.pptx Author: Julia Klein Created Date: 20150926034323Z

Modeling  (or  other  approach)  •  Complex  social-­‐ecological  systems  approach  with  integra7on  of  four  frameworks:  –  Complex  social-­‐ecological  systems  framework  (Ostrom)  –  Ins7tu7onal  Analysis  and  Development  Framework  (Ostrom  Workshop)  

–  Sustainable  Livelihoods  Framework  – Model  of  Private  Adapta7on  to  Climate  Change  (Grothman  &  Pa`  2005)  

•  How  is  your  approach  original?  –  Integra7on  of  frameworks  to    

•  a`ain  a  holis7c  approach  •  recognize  dynamic  interac7ons    •  analyze  adap7ve  capacity  and  systemic  change  processes  •  consider  obstacles  and  op7ons  for  sustainability  

Page 13: Tucker MRI Workshop Presentation-final · 2020-01-30 · Tucker_MRI Workshop Presentation-final.pptx Author: Julia Klein Created Date: 20150926034323Z

Strengths  and  Limita7ons  

•  Aspects  of  your  approach  that  are  working  well:  –   Facilitates  recogni7on  of  biophysical  and  social  interac7ons  and  processes  

–   Progress  with  7me  change  analysis  of  land  cover  change  

–   Interest  of  study  communi7es  •  Limita7ons  to  your  approach:  –  Inadequate  historical  or  baseline  climate  data    – Mul7tude  of  variables  (need  to  narrow)  –   Variables  that  resist  measurement    

Page 14: Tucker MRI Workshop Presentation-final · 2020-01-30 · Tucker_MRI Workshop Presentation-final.pptx Author: Julia Klein Created Date: 20150926034323Z

Thank  you  

Thanks  to  collaborators-­‐    Jessica  Fonseca,  Martha  Moreno,  Atanacio  Perez,    Edwin  Castellanos,  Hallie  Eakin,  Helda  Morales,  Rafael  Diaz,  Juan  Barrera,  Zoila  Perez  


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