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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
Derived quantities
Surface areaVolumeDensity
Contents
Matter
PropertiesInternational System
Base quantities
LengthMassTemperatureTime
Hands on
Using graphs
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
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What are the propertiesof matter?
How is length measured?
How is mass measured?
How is temperature measured?
How is surface area measured?
How is volume measured?
How is density measured?
Using graphs
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How is time measured?
Animation: Measuring matter
What is theInternational System of Units?
What unit of measurement is used?
Links
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
What are the properties of matter?
General properties Specific properties
PRICK THE BALLOON
Properties common to all matter:• mass• volume• weight• density
AIR AIR
Air has mass and occupies space.
Properties that differentiate matter.
Matter can be identified and described by specific properties: colour, shape, size, texture, hardness, etc.
colour
size
texture
shape
hardness
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
General properties Specific properties
Properties common to all matter:• mass• volume• weight• density
AIR
Air has mass and occupies space.
Properties that differentiate matter.
Matter can be identified and described by specific properties: colour, shape, size, texture hardness, etc.
colour
texture
size
shape
hardness
What are the properties of matter?
Without air, its mass is less.
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AIR
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
What is the International System of Units (SI)?
The International System of Units (SI) is used for scientific measurement.
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Physical quantities Base units
Derived units
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
What is the International System of Units (SI)?
The International Systems of Units (SI) is used for scientific measurement.
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Physical quantitiesProperties of matter which can be measured: length, mass, surface area, volume, etc. A table can be
measured using different units:
four hands
three pencils
unit
0.59 m 0.61 m 0.60 m
Error in measuring
Arithmetic mean, or average
0.59 + 0.61 + 0.60 1.8
= =
3 30.60
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
What is the International System of Units (SI)?
The International Systems of Units (SI) is used for scientific measurement.
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Base units
They are used to measure the physical quantities of:
mass(kg)
length (m)
time (s)
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Physical quantities
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
What is the International System of Units (SI)?
The International Systems of Units (SI) is used for scientific measurement.
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Derived units
These are obtained from a combination of base units. They are used to measure:
density (kg/m3)
surface area (m2)
volume (m3)
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Physical quantities
Rice
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
Animation: Measuring matter
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
Length is measured in metres.
How is length measured?
Unit and symbolEquivalence in
metres
Kilometre (km) 1,000 m
hectometre (hm) 100 m
decametre (dam) 10 m
metre (m) 1 m
decimetre (dm) 0.1 m
centimetre (cm) 0.01 m
millimetre (mm) 0.001 m
micrometre (μm) 0.000001 m
Multiples and submultiples of a metre
1.67 m
equals
167 cm2.5 cm
equals
0.025 m
Changing units:
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
Mass is measuredin kilograms.
How is mass measured?
Unit and symbolEquivalence in
kilograms
Ton (t) 1,000 kg
Kilogram (kg) 1 kg
Hectogram (hg) 0.1 kg
Decagram (dag) 0.01 kg
Gram (g) 0.001 kg
Decigram (dg) 0.0001 kg
Centigram (cg) 0.00001 kg
Multiples and submultiples of a kilogram
Scales:
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Traditional scale
Electronic scale
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
It is equal to the mass of the prototypeof the kilogram.
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM:
The unit of massis the kilogram.
How is mass measured?
Unit and symbolEquivalence in
kilograms
Ton (t) 1,000 kg
Kilogram (kg) 1 kg
Hectogram (hg) 0.1 kg
Decagram (dag) 0.01 kg
Gram (g) 0.001 kg
Decigram (dg) 0.0001 kg
Centigram (cg) 0.00001 kg
Multiples and submultiples of a kilogram
Scales:
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massa standard weight
The scale is balanced.
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Measuring mass
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
How is temperature measured?
Heat transmission Units of temperature
ºC K
100
0
-273
Degrees Celsius Kelvin
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
373 273
0
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CLICK TO SEE PROCESS
CLICK TO SEE PROCESS
Increase in temperature
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
How is temperature measured?
Heat transmission Units of temperature
ºC K
100
0
-273
Degrees Celsius Kelvin
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
373 273
0
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2 ºC
Air at 10 ºCice
10 ºC
water
Increase in temperature
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CLICK TO SEE PROCESS
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
How is temperature measured?
Heat transmission Units of temperature
ºC K
100
0
-273
Degrees Celsius Kelvin
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
373 273
0
Increase in temperature
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CLICK TO SEE PROCESS
0 ºC 20 ºC
100 ºC
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
How is time measured?
second
Time is measured in seconds.
minute
hour
One minute (min) is equal to 60 seconds (s).
One hour (h) is equal to 60 minutes.
One year is equal to 365 days.
A century is equal to 100 years.
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One day (d)is equal to24 hours.
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
How is surface area measured?Multiples and submultiples of a square metre
To calculate the surface area of:
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Regular shaped objects
Circular objects
Irregular shaped objects
Unit and symbol(INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)
Equivalence in
square metres
square kilometre (km2)
1,000,000 m2
square hectometre (hm2)
10,000 m2
square decametre (dam2)
100 m2
square metre (m2) 1 m2
square decimetres (dm2)
0.01 m2
square centimetres (cm2)
0.001 m2
square millimetres (mm2)
0.000001 m2
Unit of surface area
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
How is surface area measured?Multiples and submultiples of a square metre
To calculate the surface area of:
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Regular shaped objects
base
height
base x height2
triangle
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Unit and symbol(INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)
Equivalence in
square metres
square kilometre (km2)
1,000,000 m2
square hectometre (hm2)
10,000 m2
square decametre (dam2)
100 m2
square metre (m2) 1 m2
square decimetres (dm2)
0.01 m2
square centimetres (cm2)
0.001 m2
square millimetres (mm2)
0.000001 m2
Unit of surface area
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
π x r 2
How is surface area measured?
Unit and symbol(INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)
Equivalence in
square metres
square kilometre (km2)
1,000,000 m2
square hectometre (hm2)
10,000 m2
square decametre (dam2)
100 m2
square metre (m2) 1 m2
square decimetres (dm2)
0.01 m2
square centimetres (cm2)
0.001 m2
square millimetres (mm2)
0.000001 m2
Multiples and submultiples of a square metre
Unit of surface area
To calculate the surface area of:
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Circular objects
circle
radius
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
The sum of the
surface areas
of a figure
How is surface area measured?
Unit and symbol(INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)
Equivalence in
square metres
square kilometre (km2)
1,000,000 m2
square hectometre (hm2)
10,000 m2
square decametre (dam2)
100 m2
square metre (m2) 1 m2
square decimetres (dm2)
0.01 m2
square centimetres (cm2)
0.001 m2
square millimetres (mm2)
0.000001 m2
Multiples and submultiples of a square metre
Unit of surface area
To calculate the surface area of:
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Irregular shaped objects
estimation
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
How is volume measured?
Capacity
1 km3 109 kL
1 hm3 106 kL
1 dam3 1,000 kL
1 m3 1,000 L
1 dm3 1 L
1 cm3 1 mL
1 mm3 0.001 mL
Equivalences between volume and capacity
Unit and symbol
Equivalence
in litres
Kilolitre (kL) 1,000 L
Hectolitre (hL)
100 L
Decalitre (daL)
10 L
Litre (L) 1 L
Decilitre (dL)
0.1 L
Centilitre (cL)
0.01 L
Millilitre (mL)
0.001 L
Volume
Multiples and submultiples of a litre (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)
Unit of volume
To measure the volume of:
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Regular geometric solids
Liquids
Irregular shaped solids
Gases
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
How is volume measured?
Capacity
1 km3 109 kL
1 hm3 106 kL
1 dam3 1,000 kL
1 m3 1,000 L
1 dm3 1 L
1 cm3 1 mL
1 mm3 0.001 mL
Equivalences between volume and capacity
Unit and symbol
Equivalence
in litres
Kilolitre (kL) 1,000 L
Hectolitre (hL)
100 L
Decalitre (daL)
10 L
Litre (L) 1 L
Decilitre (dL)
0.1 L
Centilitre (cL)
0.01 L
Millilitre (mL)
0.001 L
Volume
Unit of volume
To measure the volume of:
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Regular geometric solids
1 m
1 m
1 m
1 m x 1 m x 1 m
is equal to
1 m3
cube
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Multiples and submultiples of a litre (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
How is volume measured?
Capacity
1 km3 109 kL
1 hm3 106 kL
1 dam3 1,000 kL
1 m3 1,000 L
1 dm3 1 L
1 cm3 1 mL
1 mm3 0.001 mL
Equivalences between volume and capacity
Unit and symbol
Equivalence
in litres
Kilolitre (kL) 1,000 L
Hectolitre (hL)
100 L
Decalitre (daL)
10 L
Litre (L) 1 L
Decilitre (dL)
0.1 L
Centilitre (cL)
0.01 L
Millilitre (mL)
0.001 L
Volume
Unit of volume
To measure the volume of:
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Irregular shaped solids
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volume of the object
solid
Multiples and submultiples of a litre (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
How is volume measured?
Capacity
1 km3 109 kL
1 hm3 106 kL
1 dam3 1,000 kL
1 m3 1,000 L
1 dm3 1 L
1 cm3 1 mL
1 mm3 0.001 mL
Equivalences between volume and capacity
Unit and symbol
Equivalence
in litres
Kilolitre (kL) 1,000 L
Hectolitre (hL)
100 L
Decalitre (daL)
10 L
Litre (L) 1 L
Decilitre (dL)
0.1 L
Centilitre (cL)
0.01 L
Millilitre (mL)
0.001 L
Volume
Unit of volume
To measure the volume of:
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Liquids
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volume of the liquid
Multiples and submultiples of a litre (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
How is volume measured?
Capacity
1 km3 109 kL
1 hm3 106 kL
1 dam3 1,000 kL
1 m3 1,000 L
1 dm3 1 L
1 cm3 1 mL
1 mm3 0.001 mL
Equivalences between volume and capacity
Unit and symbol
Equivalence
in litres
Kilolitre (kL) 1,000 L
Hectolitre (hL)
100 L
Decalitre (daL)
10 L
Litre (L) 1 L
Decilitre (dL)
0.1 L
Centilitre (cL)
0.01 L
Millilitre (mL)
0.001 L
Volume
Unit of volume
To measure the volume of:
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Gases
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Multiples and submultiples of a litre (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)
initial volume
final volume
volume of
the gas
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
How is density measured?
Substance Density (g/cm3)
water 1.0
oil 0.9
petrol 0.7
lead 11.3
iron 7.9
mercury 13.5
Densities of some substances
water(more dense)
The mass of one litre of oil is 900 grams.
The mass of one litre of water is 1,000 grams.
Density
is defined as:
mass kg
volume m3
Unit of density (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)
oil(less dense)
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
Using graphs
Time (min) Temperature (ºC)
0 18
1 18
3 32
5 46
7 60
9 74
11 88
13 100
15 100
Steps to draw a graph:
1 Draw the coordinate axes on squared paper.
water
thermometer
2 Mark the points on the graph.
3 Draw a line to join all the points.
Time (min)0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
Te
mp
era
ture
(ºC
)
100
80
60
40
20
0
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12
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Interactive activity: What unit of measurement is used?
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