u12 matter and its properties

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 12

CONTENTS

RESOURCES

ACTIVITY

LINKS

HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKSCONTENTS

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Derived quantities

Surface areaVolumeDensity

Contents

Matter

PropertiesInternational System

Base quantities

LengthMassTemperatureTime

Hands on

Using graphs

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Resources

What are the propertiesof matter?

How is length measured?

How is mass measured?

How is temperature measured?

How is surface area measured?

How is volume measured?

How is density measured?

Using graphs


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How is time measured?

Animation: Measuring matter

What is theInternational System of Units?

What unit of measurement is used?

Links


What are the properties of matter?

General properties Specific properties

PRICK THE BALLOON

Properties common to all matter:• mass• volume• weight• density

AIR AIR

Air has mass and occupies space.

Properties that differentiate matter.

Matter can be identified and described by specific properties: colour, shape, size, texture, hardness, etc.

colour

size

texture

shape

hardness


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General properties Specific properties

Properties common to all matter:• mass• volume• weight• density

AIR

Air has mass and occupies space.

Properties that differentiate matter.

Matter can be identified and described by specific properties: colour, shape, size, texture hardness, etc.

colour

texture

size

shape

hardness

What are the properties of matter?

Without air, its mass is less.


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AIR

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What is the International System of Units (SI)?

The International System of Units (SI) is used for scientific measurement.


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Physical quantities Base units

Derived units



The International Systems of Units (SI) is used for scientific measurement.


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Physical quantitiesProperties of matter which can be measured: length, mass, surface area, volume, etc. A table can be

measured using different units:

four hands

three pencils

unit

0.59 m 0.61 m 0.60 m

Error in measuring

Arithmetic mean, or average

0.59 + 0.61 + 0.60 1.8

= =

3 30.60

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Base units

They are used to measure the physical quantities of:

mass(kg)

length (m)

time (s)

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Physical quantities





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Derived units

These are obtained from a combination of base units. They are used to measure:

density (kg/m3)

surface area (m2)

volume (m3)

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Physical quantities

Rice


Animation: Measuring matter


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Length is measured in metres.

How is length measured?

Unit and symbolEquivalence in

metres

Kilometre (km) 1,000 m

hectometre (hm) 100 m

decametre (dam) 10 m

metre (m) 1 m

decimetre (dm) 0.1 m

centimetre (cm) 0.01 m

millimetre (mm) 0.001 m

micrometre (μm) 0.000001 m

Multiples and submultiples of a metre

1.67 m

equals

167 cm2.5 cm

equals

0.025 m

Changing units:


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Mass is measuredin kilograms.



kilograms

Ton (t) 1,000 kg

Kilogram (kg) 1 kg

Hectogram (hg) 0.1 kg

Decagram (dag) 0.01 kg

Gram (g) 0.001 kg

Decigram (dg) 0.0001 kg

Centigram (cg) 0.00001 kg

Multiples and submultiples of a kilogram

Scales:


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Traditional scale

Electronic scale


It is equal to the mass of the prototypeof the kilogram.

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM:

The unit of massis the kilogram.



kilograms

Ton (t) 1,000 kg

Kilogram (kg) 1 kg

Hectogram (hg) 0.1 kg

Decagram (dag) 0.01 kg

Gram (g) 0.001 kg

Decigram (dg) 0.0001 kg

Centigram (cg) 0.00001 kg

Multiples and submultiples of a kilogram

Scales:


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massa standard weight

The scale is balanced.

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Measuring mass



Heat transmission Units of temperature

ºC K

100

0

-273

Degrees Celsius Kelvin

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM

373 273

0


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CLICK TO SEE PROCESS


Increase in temperature




ºC K

100

0

-273



373 273

0


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2 ºC

Air at 10 ºCice

10 ºC

water


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ºC K

100

0

-273



373 273

0



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0 ºC 20 ºC

100 ºC

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How is time measured?

second

Time is measured in seconds.

minute

hour

One minute (min) is equal to 60 seconds (s).

One hour (h) is equal to 60 minutes.

One year is equal to 365 days.

A century is equal to 100 years.


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One day (d)is equal to24 hours.


How is surface area measured?Multiples and submultiples of a square metre

To calculate the surface area of:


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Regular shaped objects

Circular objects

Irregular shaped objects

Unit and symbol(INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)

Equivalence in

square metres

square kilometre (km2)

1,000,000 m2

square hectometre (hm2)

10,000 m2

square decametre (dam2)

100 m2

square metre (m2) 1 m2

square decimetres (dm2)

0.01 m2

square centimetres (cm2)

0.001 m2

square millimetres (mm2)

0.000001 m2

Unit of surface area


How is surface area measured?Multiples and submultiples of a square metre



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Regular shaped objects

base

height

base x height2

triangle

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Equivalence in

square metres


1,000,000 m2


10,000 m2


100 m2



0.01 m2


0.001 m2


0.000001 m2



π x r 2



Equivalence in

square metres


1,000,000 m2


10,000 m2


100 m2



0.01 m2


0.001 m2


0.000001 m2

Multiples and submultiples of a square metre




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Circular objects

circle

radius

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The sum of the

surface areas

of a figure



Equivalence in

square metres


1,000,000 m2


10,000 m2


100 m2



0.01 m2


0.001 m2


0.000001 m2

Multiples and submultiples of a square metre




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Irregular shaped objects

estimation

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Capacity

1 km3 109 kL

1 hm3 106 kL

1 dam3 1,000 kL

1 m3 1,000 L

1 dm3 1 L

1 cm3 1 mL

1 mm3 0.001 mL

Equivalences between volume and capacity

Unit and symbol

Equivalence

in litres

Kilolitre (kL) 1,000 L

Hectolitre (hL)

100 L

Decalitre (daL)

10 L

Litre (L) 1 L

Decilitre (dL)

0.1 L

Centilitre (cL)

0.01 L

Millilitre (mL)

0.001 L

Volume

Multiples and submultiples of a litre (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)

Unit of volume

To measure the volume of:


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Regular geometric solids

Liquids

Irregular shaped solids

Gases



Capacity

1 km3 109 kL

1 hm3 106 kL

1 dam3 1,000 kL

1 m3 1,000 L

1 dm3 1 L

1 cm3 1 mL

1 mm3 0.001 mL


Unit and symbol

Equivalence

in litres


Hectolitre (hL)

100 L

Decalitre (daL)

10 L

Litre (L) 1 L

Decilitre (dL)

0.1 L

Centilitre (cL)

0.01 L

Millilitre (mL)

0.001 L

Volume

Unit of volume



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Regular geometric solids

1 m

1 m

1 m

1 m x 1 m x 1 m

is equal to

1 m3

cube

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Capacity

1 km3 109 kL

1 hm3 106 kL

1 dam3 1,000 kL

1 m3 1,000 L

1 dm3 1 L

1 cm3 1 mL

1 mm3 0.001 mL


Unit and symbol

Equivalence

in litres


Hectolitre (hL)

100 L

Decalitre (daL)

10 L

Litre (L) 1 L

Decilitre (dL)

0.1 L

Centilitre (cL)

0.01 L

Millilitre (mL)

0.001 L

Volume

Unit of volume



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Irregular shaped solids

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volume of the object

solid




Capacity

1 km3 109 kL

1 hm3 106 kL

1 dam3 1,000 kL

1 m3 1,000 L

1 dm3 1 L

1 cm3 1 mL

1 mm3 0.001 mL


Unit and symbol

Equivalence

in litres


Hectolitre (hL)

100 L

Decalitre (daL)

10 L

Litre (L) 1 L

Decilitre (dL)

0.1 L

Centilitre (cL)

0.01 L

Millilitre (mL)

0.001 L

Volume

Unit of volume



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Liquids

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volume of the liquid




Capacity

1 km3 109 kL

1 hm3 106 kL

1 dam3 1,000 kL

1 m3 1,000 L

1 dm3 1 L

1 cm3 1 mL

1 mm3 0.001 mL


Unit and symbol

Equivalence

in litres


Hectolitre (hL)

100 L

Decalitre (daL)

10 L

Litre (L) 1 L

Decilitre (dL)

0.1 L

Centilitre (cL)

0.01 L

Millilitre (mL)

0.001 L

Volume

Unit of volume



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Gases

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initial volume

final volume

volume of

the gas


How is density measured?

Substance Density (g/cm3)

water 1.0

oil 0.9

petrol 0.7

lead 11.3

iron 7.9

mercury 13.5

Densities of some substances

water(more dense)

The mass of one litre of oil is 900 grams.

The mass of one litre of water is 1,000 grams.

Density

is defined as:

mass kg

volume m3

Unit of density (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM)

oil(less dense)


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Using graphs

Time (min) Temperature (ºC)

0 18

1 18

3 32

5 46

7 60

9 74

11 88

13 100

15 100

Steps to draw a graph:

1 Draw the coordinate axes on squared paper.

water

thermometer

2 Mark the points on the graph.

3 Draw a line to join all the points.

Time (min)0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15

Te

mp

era

ture

(ºC

)

100

80

60

40

20

0

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Interactive activity: What unit of measurement is used?


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Links

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International System of Units (SI)

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Finding the mass, volume or density of an object

u12 matter and its properties

Technology