Download - u3 Reported Speech
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REPORTED SPEECH (Estilo indirecto)
Hay dos formas de repetir lo que alguien ha dicho:
a)Estilo Directo_______ She said, "I'm waiting here"
De esta forma repetimos literalmente las palabras del hablante.
b)Estilo Indirecto_____ She said she was waiting there.
De esta forma mantenemos el mensaje realizando una serie de cambios.
1. CAMBIOS VERBALES
- Si el verbo introductor est en Presente Simple o Presente Perfecto,
el tiempo de la forma indirecta no cambia.
Ex.He says:"Bob is an actor"__ He says that Bob is an actor
He has said:"Bob is blind"__ He has said that Bob is blind
- Si el verbo introductor est en Pasado Simple se producen los
siguientes cambios verbales en la forma indirecta:
Simple Present_____________________ Simple Past
Ex.She said,"They live in New York"She said that they lived in New York
Present Continuous_________________ Past Continuous
Ex.We answered, "We are composing a new melody"We answered that we were composing a new melody"
Simple Past_________________________ Past Perfect
Ex.He said, "I arrived at the concert early"He said that he had arrived at the concert early
Past Continuous______________________ Past Continuous
Ex.Sheila said, "I was joking"Sheila said that she was joking
Present Perfect_______________________ Past Perfect
Ex.He said, "I have bought a new guitar"He said that he had bought a new guitar
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Simple Future______________________ Simple conditional
Ex.I said, "I won't buy the record-player"
I said that I wouldn't buy the record-player
- Algunos verbos auxiliares-modales tambin sufren cambios:
can______________________________ could
Ex.He said, "They can help you"
He said that they could help you
must_____________________________ had to
Ex.I thought, "I must hurry up"
I thought that I had to hurry up
have to__________________________ had to
Ex.They said, "You have to fill in a form"
They said that you had to fill in a form
may______________________________ might
Ex.I said, "She may be out"I said that she might be out
WOULD, SHOULD, OUGHT TO, MIGHT, COULD generalmente no cambian.
2. CAMBIOS DE LOS PRONOMBRES PERSONALES Y LOS POSESIVOS
Generalmente stos cambian de 1 a 3 persona, excepto cuando el que
habla se refiere a lo que l mismo ha dicho.
I_________________________ he/she
We________________________ they
My________________________ his/her
Our_______________________ their
Mine______________________ his/hers
Ours_____________________ theirs
3. CAMBIOS DE LOS DEMOSTRATIVOSThis______________________ that
These_____________________ those
Ex.She said, "I will buy these"
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She said that she would buy those
4. CAMBIOS DE LOS ADVERBIOS O EXPRESIONES ADVERBIALES
today_______________ that day, yesterday
yesterday___________ the day before
last year/week...___ the previous year/the week before
tomorrow____________ the next/following daynext year/week...___ the following year/week...
here________________ there
Ex. She said, "I went to Liverpool last week "
She said that she had gone to Liverpool the week before
ESTILO INDIRECTO: ORACIONES ENUNCIATIVAS (Statements)
Verbo introductor + (that) + Sujeto + Verbo
Los verbos introductores ms frecuentes para estas oraciones son: say,
tell y answer. El ms utilizado cuando se menciona la persona a la que se
dirige el mensaje es tell.
Ex.He told me (that) he could help me
He said to me( " ) " " " "
"that" suele omitirse.
OTROS VERBOS INTRODUCTORES: accept, admit, agree, announce, answerapologise, beg, complain, declare explain inform, insist, mention, offer,remind, reply, state.
ESTILO INDIRECTO: ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS (Questions)
Los verbos introductores ms frecuentes son: ask, inquire, want to
know, wonder...
a)Yes/no questions
Verbo introductor + IF + Sujeto + Verbo
Ex.She asked me: "Have you got a trumpet?"She asked me if I had got a trumpet
b) Wh- questions
Verbo introductor + wh-word + Sujeto + Verbo
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Ex.She asked me: "Where are the fans?"She wanted to know where the fans were
OTROS VERBOS INTRODUCTORES: enquire, question, request, wonder, want toknow
ESTILO INDIRECTO: ORACIONES IMPERATIVAS (Commands)
Los verbos introductores ms comunes son: tell, order, command,ask...
V. introduc.+ persona a quien se da la orden + infinitivo
Ex. She said: "Put on your coat, Bob"She told Bob to put on his coat
He said: "Don't smoke"
He told them not to smoke
OTROS VERBOS INTRODUCTORES: order, shout, demand, warn
ESTILO INDIRECTO: SUGERENCIAS (Suggestions)
Las sugerencias se pasan al estilo indirecto de dos formas:
Oracin de complemento directo:
V. introduc.+ that + Sujeto + infinitivo sin to
Ex. Lets take the bus!
He suggestedthat we take the bus
Gerundio (sin especificar ningn sujeto):
V. Introductor + Gerundio
Ex. Lets start tomorrow!
She suggested starting the following day
OTROS VERBOS INTRODUCTORES: advise, suggest, recommend, invite
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RESUMEN
- Statements:
- Questions
- Commands:
- Suggestions:
Verbo introductor + (that) + Sujeto + Verbo
Yes/No questions: Verbo introductor + IF + Sujeto + Verbo
Wh- questions: Verbo introductor + wh-word + Sujeto + Verbo
V. introduc.+ persona a quien se da la orden + infinitivo (to / not to)
V. Introductor + Gerundio
V. introduc.+ that + Sujeto + (not)infinitivo sin to