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REPORTED SPEECH (Estilo indirecto)

Hay dos formas de repetir lo que alguien ha dicho:

a)Estilo Directo_______ She said, "I'm waiting here"

De esta forma repetimos literalmente las palabras del hablante.

b)Estilo Indirecto_____ She said she was waiting there.

De esta forma mantenemos el mensaje realizando una serie de cambios.

1. CAMBIOS VERBALES

- Si el verbo introductor est en Presente Simple o Presente Perfecto,

el tiempo de la forma indirecta no cambia.

Ex.He says:"Bob is an actor"__ He says that Bob is an actor

He has said:"Bob is blind"__ He has said that Bob is blind

- Si el verbo introductor est en Pasado Simple se producen los

siguientes cambios verbales en la forma indirecta:

Simple Present_____________________ Simple Past

Ex.She said,"They live in New York"She said that they lived in New York

Present Continuous_________________ Past Continuous

Ex.We answered, "We are composing a new melody"We answered that we were composing a new melody"

Simple Past_________________________ Past Perfect

Ex.He said, "I arrived at the concert early"He said that he had arrived at the concert early

Past Continuous______________________ Past Continuous

Ex.Sheila said, "I was joking"Sheila said that she was joking

Present Perfect_______________________ Past Perfect

Ex.He said, "I have bought a new guitar"He said that he had bought a new guitar

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Simple Future______________________ Simple conditional

Ex.I said, "I won't buy the record-player"

I said that I wouldn't buy the record-player

- Algunos verbos auxiliares-modales tambin sufren cambios:

can______________________________ could

Ex.He said, "They can help you"

He said that they could help you

must_____________________________ had to

Ex.I thought, "I must hurry up"

I thought that I had to hurry up

have to__________________________ had to

Ex.They said, "You have to fill in a form"

They said that you had to fill in a form

may______________________________ might

Ex.I said, "She may be out"I said that she might be out

WOULD, SHOULD, OUGHT TO, MIGHT, COULD generalmente no cambian.

2. CAMBIOS DE LOS PRONOMBRES PERSONALES Y LOS POSESIVOS

Generalmente stos cambian de 1 a 3 persona, excepto cuando el que

habla se refiere a lo que l mismo ha dicho.

I_________________________ he/she

We________________________ they

My________________________ his/her

Our_______________________ their

Mine______________________ his/hers

Ours_____________________ theirs

3. CAMBIOS DE LOS DEMOSTRATIVOSThis______________________ that

These_____________________ those

Ex.She said, "I will buy these"

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She said that she would buy those

4. CAMBIOS DE LOS ADVERBIOS O EXPRESIONES ADVERBIALES

today_______________ that day, yesterday

yesterday___________ the day before

last year/week...___ the previous year/the week before

tomorrow____________ the next/following daynext year/week...___ the following year/week...

here________________ there

Ex. She said, "I went to Liverpool last week "

She said that she had gone to Liverpool the week before

ESTILO INDIRECTO: ORACIONES ENUNCIATIVAS (Statements)

Verbo introductor + (that) + Sujeto + Verbo

Los verbos introductores ms frecuentes para estas oraciones son: say,

tell y answer. El ms utilizado cuando se menciona la persona a la que se

dirige el mensaje es tell.

Ex.He told me (that) he could help me

He said to me( " ) " " " "

"that" suele omitirse.

OTROS VERBOS INTRODUCTORES: accept, admit, agree, announce, answerapologise, beg, complain, declare explain inform, insist, mention, offer,remind, reply, state.

ESTILO INDIRECTO: ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS (Questions)

Los verbos introductores ms frecuentes son: ask, inquire, want to

know, wonder...

a)Yes/no questions

Verbo introductor + IF + Sujeto + Verbo

Ex.She asked me: "Have you got a trumpet?"She asked me if I had got a trumpet

b) Wh- questions

Verbo introductor + wh-word + Sujeto + Verbo

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Ex.She asked me: "Where are the fans?"She wanted to know where the fans were

OTROS VERBOS INTRODUCTORES: enquire, question, request, wonder, want toknow

ESTILO INDIRECTO: ORACIONES IMPERATIVAS (Commands)

Los verbos introductores ms comunes son: tell, order, command,ask...

V. introduc.+ persona a quien se da la orden + infinitivo

Ex. She said: "Put on your coat, Bob"She told Bob to put on his coat

He said: "Don't smoke"

He told them not to smoke

OTROS VERBOS INTRODUCTORES: order, shout, demand, warn

ESTILO INDIRECTO: SUGERENCIAS (Suggestions)

Las sugerencias se pasan al estilo indirecto de dos formas:

Oracin de complemento directo:

V. introduc.+ that + Sujeto + infinitivo sin to

Ex. Lets take the bus!

He suggestedthat we take the bus

Gerundio (sin especificar ningn sujeto):

V. Introductor + Gerundio

Ex. Lets start tomorrow!

She suggested starting the following day

OTROS VERBOS INTRODUCTORES: advise, suggest, recommend, invite

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RESUMEN

- Statements:

- Questions

- Commands:

- Suggestions:

Verbo introductor + (that) + Sujeto + Verbo

Yes/No questions: Verbo introductor + IF + Sujeto + Verbo

Wh- questions: Verbo introductor + wh-word + Sujeto + Verbo

V. introduc.+ persona a quien se da la orden + infinitivo (to / not to)

V. Introductor + Gerundio

V. introduc.+ that + Sujeto + (not)infinitivo sin to