Understanding How Transit and TOD can Improve Economic Opportunities for Low Income Bay Area Residents
MOVING TO WORK
Silicon Valley Leadership GroupNovember 6, 2013
Objectives of StudyTransportation Barriers for Low Income Workers
Industries of OpportunityRecommendations
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Spatial Frame
for Issues
MOVING TO WORK
Equitable TOD
EconomicDevelopment
WorkforceDevelopment
Dispersion of low income residents is a transportation challenge
LOW INCOME RESIDENTS LIVE
EVERYWHERE
LOW INCOME RESIDENTS AND
TRANSIT DEPENDENCE
But 40% live in Communities of Concern
Concentrated poverty
Transit dependence
Transit dependence higher in Communities of Concern
AUTO OWNERSHIP
Transit Frequency
% of all jobs
1 - 5 minutes 32%
6 - 10 minutes 22%11 - 15 minutes 3%16 - 30 minutes 33%
ACCESS TO TRANSIT
ACCESS TO TRANSIT
Green lines are most frequent (every 20 minutes or more)
Yellow (every 30 minutes)
Red are least frequent (every hour)
WEST OAKLAND
EAST SAN JOSE
EAST PALO ALTO
LOW INCOME WORKERS HAVE LONGER COMMUTES
$1 - 20,000 $20,000 - 40,000 $40,000 - 100,000 $100,000 +0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Worker Earnings
Sh
are
wit
h C
om
mu
te 6
0 M
inu
tes o
r O
ve
r
COMMUTING TO JOBS
Jobs in Moffat Park are predominantly higher income, and workers tend to live nearby.
Sunnyvale (Moffat Park)
COMMUTING TO JOBS
Compared to the commuting range of a regional job center like SFO, which provides jobs with a broader range of incomes.
SFO Airport
LOW INCOME JOBS ARE MORE DISPERSED
Job Density by Income
All Jobs Low Income Jobs Middle Income Jobs
High Income Jobs -
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Jo
bs
pe
r S
qu
are
Mil
eW
eig
hte
d D
en
sit
y
Middle Skill Jobs “Industries of Opportunity” Education and Training for Industries
Expand Quality Jobs in Other IndustriesSmall Business DevelopmentRemoving Barriers to Employment
Adult High School Education Childcare English Proficiency Criminal Records
STRATEGIES TO EXPAND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
Movin
g to
Work:
Pub
lic Tran
sporta
tion
an
d T
OD
HUD Grant Proposal Statement on Industries of Opportunity:
“’Industries of Opportunity’ are those that provide living wage jobs that put low and moderate income workers on a clearly defined career pathway to economic self-suffi ciency, are close to transit, and are accessible to low-income communities.”
INDUSTRIES OF OPPORTUNITY: VALUES
High % of Living Wage JobsLower Educational Barriers to Entry (i.e.
BA not required)Job Security (requiring skills and
experience)Career Ladder PositionsAnticipated Job Openings, either via
Growth or ReplacementDrive Regional Economic Growth
INDUSTRIES OF OPPORTUNITY: VALUES
Quantitative Sectors Targeted in Community
Colleges Sectors Targeted among Economic
Development Agencies Sectors Targeted in WIBS/Other
Workforce and Living Wage Partners
INDUSTRIES OF OPPORTUNITY: APPROACH
Health CareBiotech/Life SciencesEnergyAdvanced & Food ManufacturingInformation TechnologyTransportation & Logistics
INDUSTRIES OF OPPORTUNITY
Workforce Development FocusEconomic Development FocusCommunity College Consortium Focus
INDUSTRIES OF OPPORTUNITY JOBS NEAR TRANSIT
Source: NETS, Bay Area Council
All Jo
bs
Health
care
Biote
ch
Ener
gy
Man
ufac
turin
g
Tran
spor
t & L
ogist
ics IT0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
51%57%
27%
35% 37%32%
51%
Sh
are
of
Job
s N
ea
r T
ran
sit
HEALTH CARE
Hospitals, medical centers are dense job centers
Many health care jobs dispersed – at home nursing, smaller medical offices, etc.
Medical shifts are not 9 to 5, require quality off-peak transit service
Numerous training programs in community colleges
BIOTECH/LIFE SCIENCES
Encompasses broad range of industries – office, wet labs, manufacturing
9 to 5 office or lab based jobs could be served by transit
In Community College system:Efforts to centralize
lab classes at a few facilities, collaborate across campuses
Will require better transit connections
Timing of transit with classes (especially night classes)
ENERGY
Another cluster – encompasses utilities, innovative clean energy development, solar (incl. construction), oil refineries
Manufacturing or field-based positions, lower density and dispersed
A focus of new Lawrence Berkeley Labs facility in Richmond – transit could play key role
MANUFACTURING
Most remaining manufacturing in region is “advanced” – machinery rather than people based
Food manufacturing also key
Lower density jobs can be difficult to serve with transit
Industrial land in station areas is key question for further study
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY / NEW
MEDIA
“IT” means different things to ED vs WD staff:
Economic Development target the “Pixar and Google’s”
Workforce Development target IT jobs in all industries – not concentrated
Many private shuttles serve major campuses (Facebook, Google).
TRANSPORTATION /LOGISTICS
Many jobs not centralized in one location
Potential incompatibility with transit, walking, biking
1. First/Last Mile Connections2. Transit Incentives from
Employers/Workforce Services 3. Regional Collaboration4. Further Research
RECOMMENDATIONS
FIRST/LAST MILE
FIRST/LAST MILE
FIRST/LAST MILE
3. REGIONAL COLLABORATION
Help low-income students access regional industries: energy, healthcare, IT, logistics, & advanced manufacturing
Combines contextualized basic skil l classes with technical training
Expanded support system for students
Over 20 diff erent programs in various sectors
New incentives to locate jobs near transitNew solutions to TOD/transit compatibility of Industries of Opportunity
Role of small businesses in workforce/economic development near transit
Understand specific workforce development needs and barriers in different Communities of Concern
4. AREAS OF FURTHER RESEARCH
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