Download - Unit 4: The Criminal Justice Process
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Unit 4: The Criminal Justice Process
Chapters 12 – 15
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The Investigation
Chapter 12
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Arrest
• Takes place when a suspect is taken into custody• 4th Amendment (seizure) applies so must be
reasonable– Either with an arrest warrant or w/o a warrant if there is
probable cause– Courts have allowed “drug courier profile”
• Reasonable suspicion required to stop and question an individual
• Police may ask to speak with someone w/o either
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Arrest
• Traffic stops are technically arrests because you are not free to leave
• Police may use as much physical force as necessary
• Use of too much force or an unlawful arrest violates the Civil Rights Act
• The Case of… pg. 137 (handout)
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Search and Seizure
• Individual privacy vs. government need for information
• Warrantless searches are common except for homes
• Exclusionary Rule (Mapp vs. Ohio 1961)• Problem 12.4 (handout)
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Search and Seizure
• Searches with a Warrant– Court order
– Affidavit
– “In plain view”
• Searches without a warrant– Search incident to a lawful arrest
– Stop and frisk
– Consent
– Contraband (Plain view)
– Hot pursuit
– Vehicle searches
– Emergency situations
– Border and airport searches
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Search and Seizure
• Public School Searches– New Jersey v. TLO (1985)– Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)– Drug dogs
• Suspicionless Searches– Railroad employees– Sobriety checkpoints
• Racial Profiling
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Interrogations and Confessions
• 5th Amendment: privilege against self-incrimination
• Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)– Right to counsel during questioning
• Miranda v. Arizona (1966)