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URBAN GEOGRAPHYLecture Notes on Chapter 9
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Bellringer
• What types of activities occur in a city that might shape the cultural landscape in different ways?
• Hint: think of the different types of buildings in a city
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What is “urban geography”?
• The study of the city—its layout, patterns, and the factors that shape it and continue to change it
• The study of cities reveals how money and power shape urban spaces
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Why Did People Start Living in Cities?
• City: A conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics
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Urban Population
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Where Are Cities Located, and Why?
Site• Absolute location
Situation• Relative location• A city’s place in
the region and the world around it
• Trade area: An adjacent region within which a city ’s influence is dominant
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Rank-Size Rule• Characteristic of a model urban hierarchy • The population of the city or town is inversely
proportional to its rank in the hierarchy For example:largest city = 12 million2nd largest = 6 million3rd largest = 4 million4th largest = 3 million
• Primate city: The leading city of a country, disproportionately larger than the rest of the cities
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Bellringer• Paris is the primate
city of France.1.What are possible
advantages of having a primate city?
2.What are possible disadvantages of having a primate city?
• BRING YOUR TEXTBOOK TOMORROW
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Central Place Theory• Developed by Walter Christaller • Predicts how and where central places in
the urban hierarchy are functionally and spatially distributed
• The location of cities is not accidental, but tied to trade areas, population size, and distance
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Hexagonal Hinterlands
C = city
T = town
V = village
H = hamlet
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Trade Areas
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Organization and Functions of Cities
• Urban morphology: The layout of a city, its physical form and structure
• Functional zonation: The division of the city into certain regions (zones) for certain functions (purposes)
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Zones of the City
• Central business district: center of commerce
• Central City: urban area that’s not suburban
• Suburb: functionally uniform zone outside of the central city; mostly residential
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Classical Models of Urban StructureBurgess Hoyt Harris & Ulman
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Bellringer• What is going on in the area next to the taller
buildings? What is that area and why is it there?
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Cities of Latin America
• Griffin-Ford model• Disamenity sectors:
– Not connected to city services
– May be controlled by gangs and drug lords
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Cities of Subsaharan Africa
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Cities of Southeast Asia
• McGee model• Colonial port as
focal point
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Shaping Residential Housing Patterns
• Redlining: Financial institutions refusing to lend money in certain neighborhoods
• Blockbusting : Realtors purposefully selling a home at a low price to an African American and then soliciting white residents to sell their homes at low prices, to generate “white flight”
• Gentrification: Individuals buying and rehabilitating houses, raising the housing value in the neighborhood
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Gated Communities
• Find image
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Urban Sprawl