Chapter 7 Notes: Cardiovascular SystemOverview:
Consists of the _____________________________________________________________________________ The heart pumps blood throughout the body Blood vessels transport blood throughout
the body
The Heart _______________________________________________________ Hollow interior Pumps blood throughout the body _________________chambers
o Upper chamberso Lower chambers
Structure of the Heart Four Chambers
o Right atrium (upper chamber)o Left atrium (upper chamber)o Right ventricle (lower chamber)o Left ventricle (lower chamber)
____________________________________________ — divides heart into right and left portions
o ________________________________________________________ septum — separates the atria
o ________________________________________________________ septum — separates the ventricles
____________________________________________ — Open and close with the heartbeat to maintain one-way flow of blood through the heart
o _____________________________________________ — located between right atrium and right ventricleo mitral (bicuspid) valve — located between left atrium and left ventricleo pulmonary semilunar valve — opening from right ventricle to pulmonary arteryo aortic valve — located between left ventricle and aorta
Layers of the Heart ______________________________________________
o membrane that lines the interior cavities of the heart
______________________________________________o Thick, muscular layer
______________________________________________o Outer membrane
______________________________________________ is the loose, protective sac that surrounds and encloses the heart
Structures of the Heart
Blood Vessels ____________________________________________
o vessels that carry blood from the heart to arterioles
____________________________________________o large artery branching from the left ventricle
_____________________________________________o small vessels receive blood from the arteries
______________________________________________o tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules
_______________________________________________o small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
________________________________________________o vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules
Coronary Arteries
Veins
Blood Pressure Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries, veins and heart chambers Determined by the volume of blood, the space within the arteries and arterioles, and the force of
the heart contractions
Blood Pressure Terms
__________________________________________o period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria
__________________________________________o period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the
aorta and pulmonary artery
__________________________________________o normal blood pressure
__________________________________________o low blood pressure
__________________________________________o high blood pressure
Condition Causing Reduction of Blood Flow