Vocabulary-use 5 words in 5 sentences
Gilded AgeIndustryEntrepreneurMonopolyCorporationStandard OilJohn D RockefellerParty BossPolitical machineTammany Hall/Boss TweedRobber Barron
LaborImmigrationUrbanizationEllis IslandAngel IslandChild laborLabor unions (AFL)Eugene DebsSamuel GompersHaymarket RiotsPullman strikeTenement houses
The Gilded Age in American History
1865-1896
GildPronunciation: gildFunction: Transition verb1: to overlay with or as if with a thin covering of gold2a: to give money to b: to given an attractive but often deceptive appearance to c archaic: to make bloodyGild-ed adjective
Why would an era be referred to as “Gilded?”
The Gilded AgeA Tale of Today
Book gave name to the era
Time of gaudy excess and a new class of wealth, political corruption and conquest of the West
By Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner
Washington Square North, New York City by Fernand Lungren
The Gilded Age ImpactRailroad buildingReconstruction of the SouthIndustrialization of the United StatesSettling of Western FrontierImmigration (the “New Immigrants”)Rise of large urban centers (big cities)Political Corruption
Era of the RailroadsTranscontinental Railroad completed on May 10, 1869.Railroad building triggered the industrial revolution
Railroad building required steel, oil and other resources provided by industry.Railroads connected the entire nation and eased travel
Aided the economic growth of the WestRailroad building provided employment for new immigrants
RailroadsRailroads were built by using cheap immigrant labor
IrishChinese
Railroads were built across Native American ancestral lands
Chinese Immigration PS Analysis
Read the primary sources and answer the corresponding questions.Answer the essay question at the end.
Prepare to present.Due EOC.
Warm Up
Use these words in five sentences:John D RockefellerParty BossPolitical machineTammany Hall/Boss TweedRobber Barron
Time: 7 minutes.
The Industrialization of America
United States becomes a world industrial powerRise of dominant railroad, steel and oil industries.Rise of Titans of Industry
Andrew CarnegieLeland StanfordJohn D. RockefellerCornelius Vanderbilt
Dynamic era of new inventions and commercial products
Light bulb, Kodak camera, typewriter etc.Thomas Edison
The Standard Oil Octopus
John D. Rockefeller’s company becomes a monopoly by destroying all competition and gaining favorable government policies.
IndustrializationCorrupt business practices Monopolies destroy competitionWorkers wages lowDangerous working conditions.Child labor, no restrictions.Labor Unions emerging, but lacked strength and viewed as radical
Knights of LaborAmerican Federation of Labor
New ImmigrationMillions of Europeans and Asians immigrate from 1860s to early 1920s. Immigrants come to escape poverty, old social orders and religious persecution and to find freedom and opportunity in America. New immigrants come from regions that had not supplied past immigrants, new cultural traditions added. America becomes the “Great Melting Pot”
The New ImmigrantsSettled in ethnic Ghettos and slums in American cities.Lived in overpopulated tenement houses.New immigrants worked jobs that paid the lowest wages and did the toughest work.Nativism reemerged in greater force in America
Nativism
The belief that NATIVE born Americans are superior to foreigners. Racist and xenophobic.Does this still exist today?
Captains of Industry or Robber Barons?
Read the secondary and primary sources.Answer the corresponding questions.
Due EOC.
Warm Up
Are the business men of the Gilded age truly “Captains of Industry” or are they “Robber Barons”? Explain/Justify why.2-3 sentences
Activity
Primary Source Analysis
Within your group, analyze the documents.Fill out the corresponding sheets.
Review of Primary Sources
Mullin
Exit Slip
Read innovation and industry cards and plot the data.Time: 15 minutes.
Warm Up
Labor definitions and phrase analysisDue EOC.
The Growth of the Cities
Cities became centers of American industry
New YorkBostonDetroitChicagoSt. LouisKansas City
America boasted some of the largest cities in the worldCities became cultural centers.
UrbanizationCities were overcrowdedPeople lived in slumsTenement houses were overcrowded
Unsanitary living conditionsDisease rampant
Crime rampantPolitical bosses controlled city politicsCity governments were corrupt and mismanagedCities were dirty, filthy and trash-infested
Photographs by Jacob Riis, a Danish immigrant who became a reformer through journalism & photojournalism
Social Darwinism
Philosophy stated that only the strongest and the fittest would survive and flourish in society, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die.
Entrepreneur vs. Philanthropist
Entrepreneur: a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
Philanthropist: a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.
Patents vs. Monopolies
Patent: set of exclusive rights granted by the gov to an inventor for a limited period of time in exchange for a the production of that good.
Monopolies: the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service
2 paragraph essay and labor terms
Use source analysis packet.Citing at least 4 of the sources, answer the following question in 2 paragraphs:“What factors helped promote America’s huge industrial growth during the period from 1860 to 1900?”Due EOC.
Complete the labor union definitions and questions.
Vocabulary
Key Content Terms: laissez-faire, social Darwinism, Sherman Antitrust Act, capitalism.
Social Studies Terms: capital, patents, monopoly, trust, entrepreneur, philanthropist
The Rise of Industry
Mullin
Bessemer Process
The first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel.Named after its inventor.
Horizontal Integration vs. Vertical Integration
Horizontal Integration: The combining of many firms engaged in the same type of business into one large corporation
Vertical Integration: A single company owns and controls the entire process from raw materials to the manufacture and sale of the finished product
Laissez-faire
A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.
Sherman Antitrust Act
First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting
A Trust is an entity created to hold assets for the benefit of certain persons or entities, with a trustee managing the trust (and often holding title on behalf of the trust).
Capitalism vs. Capital
Capitalism: an economic system in which individuals and corporations, not the government, own production and profit. Strict noninterference of the government in business affairs.
Capital: buildings, machinery, tools, and other goods that create products or services for the people.
Activity
Complete Industrial Revolution fill in the blank.Complete political cartoon analysis.
Due EOC
Warm Up
Use the following words in five sentences.
capital, patents, monopoly, trust, and entrepreneur.
New Growth
Mullin
Settlement of the West
Railroad building connects farmers in West with Eastern marketsLand availability on the Great Plains for farmingCattle ranching and mining industries thrive in the WestGrowth of Western cities.Golden Age of the Cowboy
Homestead Act
A special act of Congress (1862) that made public lands in the West available to settlers without payment, usually in lots of 160 acres, to be used as farms.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxaJY8UZxn4
Dawes Act
Adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe would be granted United States citizenship.
“Move On!”
Has the native American no rights that the naturalized American is bound to respect?
Conquering the Western Frontier
Seizing lands from Native Americans; Forcing Indians onto reservations; Indian WarsRailroad scheme to possess the best available lands; Railroads take advantage of farmers & set high shipping rates.
Conquering the Western Frontier.
Farmers took large acreages of land to produce enough crop to make a profit; Lands of Great Plains difficult to farm; farmers interests not addressed by the government.Conflict between farmers and ranchers over land use.Lawlessness throughout. Cattle & Mining boom towns
Activity
Read and analyze the two primary sources about the Dawes Act.Answer the corresponding questions.
Answer the discussion questions in complete sentences.Due EOC.
Activity
Read and answer the Homestead Steel Crisis.Answer your role as a union leader.
Then in two paragraphs, research why Walmart is anti-union. Do you think this is good or bad? Explain why.
Warm Up
Define tenement houses? What is the equivalent of modern day tenement houses present today?
What is the populism?What is the Pullman Strike?Who is Eugene Debs?
Conclusion of the Gilded Age
Mullin
Politics in the Gilded AgeAge of Republican presidents
One Democrat, twice removed. Grover Cleveland.
Political promise for African AmericansFarmers seeking a voice in the political system
National Grange & Populists
Government aid to railroad and industrial growthKey issues were monetary system, the tariff and civil service reform.
The “forgettable” presidents & political corruption
Ineffective presidential leadershipPolitical corruption and scandals
Era of Good Stealings
Government ties to big business
No regulation of business practicesKickbacks to political officials
Failure to secure goals of reconstructionTreatment of Native AmericansFarm protest from South and West fail to uniteEmergence and end of Populism
Impact of the Gilded Age on United States History
Prepared the United States for its future as
an imperial power.
Settlement of the West and the closing of the frontier, turned the attention of the nation to
newer frontiers- overseas territories.
Influx of new immigrants added new ingredients into
American culture.
The descendants of these new immigrants would be future leaders and major personalities in the United States.
The growth of American industry would help make the United States
a global industrial power and further the engine of economic
progress of the 20th century.
The corrupt business and political practices of the era
called for reform.
The discrimination against African
Americans, Native
Americans, new immigrants, and women lead to a greater call for
civil rights
protections.
The Gilded Age set the stage for the Emergence of
Modern America.
The Gilded Age laid the foundation for the United States of the 20th Century, a SUPERPOWER!
PS Analysis
Read the PS about the Pullman Strike. Answer the corresponding questions.
Reflect how the strike is itself a reflection of the untamed beast of big businesses of the Gilded Age.Prepare to present.Due EOC.
Activity and Essay
List the pros and cons of the Gilded Age.Essay: Was the development of the Gilded Age good for the United States? Explain why/why not.5 PARAGRAPHS.GIVE SPECIFIC EVIDENCEUse your notes.
Today
The test is THIS WEDNESDAY and that it will cover both Reconstruction and the Gilded Age.
Test will consist of multiple choice, matching, and short answer.
For short answers, you must be thoughtful and specific. Include at least TWO facts/evidence to support your answers.
Students are to define terms and answer at least 2 essay questions by the end of class.