Download - Warm Up Read the blue box on democracy at the bottom of p. 134-135 and answer the question
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Warm Up
• Read the blue box on democracy at the bottom of p. 134-135 and answer the question.
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Classical Greece
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Athens and the Age of Pericles• Time period between Persian and
Peloponnesian Wars
• After the Persian Wars, the Greeks founded the Delian League to protect against invasion -Sparta refused to join (they didn’t “need” to be
in a league with other Greeks)- THUS…. This became the Athenian Empire
• Pericles- dominant in Athenian politics, HUGE believer in democracy– Center of philosophy, architecture, learning,
art, etc, under him. – GOLDEN AGE of ATHENS!
• Food came from trade, protected by the Athenian navy
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Greek Drama• First writers of drama
– comedy came much later
• Masks used to show emotion– Only male actors allowed – Oedipus Rex trilogy by
Sophocles about man who becomes king w/ disastrous results
• He accidentally kills his father• He accidentally marries his mother• ALL because he was given up at
birth because of a prophecy• (You should read excerpts in your
9th/10th grade English class)
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History • 1st people to try to analyze past events– From other cultures and people groups
• Herodotus: – 1st historian, wrote about Persian Wars
(in most college history classes, this is one of the main historians whose work you will be read)
• He added superstition • Very biased against non-Greeks• Called “Father of History”• ALSO called “Father of Lies”
– It is believed he fabricated facts/ received information from second-hand sources but claimed he saw them.
• Thucydides- looked at human facts for causes of events and not to divine reasons/ the gods; found evidence for his history
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Art/Architecture• Art attempted to express eternal ideals: – balance, proportion, harmony
• Sculpture shows this with perfect human proportions– HOWEVER- the facial
expressions look too beautiful/ peaceful for the action
– Classical Greek sculptures look TOO perfect facially, later- Hellenistic Greek sculptures look more realistic facially
• Architecture mainly temples: – Parthenon built in Athens,
shows calmness, clarity, freedom from unnecessary details
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The Parthenon in Athens
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This statue is also on p. 147 -called “The Discobolus” (discus thrower)
- GREAT example of CLASSICAL Greek art
- you can see how perfect the body is…muscles, ribs, veins in the arms, calf muscles, etc. -EXCEPT…. The face- it looks serene, pleasant, peaceful, at rest. Think about your face when you are tackling someone in football, guarding someone in basketball, etc….you have emotion!
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This slide is just to help (as you take notes on the next slides):
• 3 main philosophers from Classical Greece– (you can memorize them in the correct order because their
first names are alphabetical, but BACKWARDS)
– Socrates (“Socrateeeez”)
• Teacher of Plato– Plato
• Teacher of Aristotle– Aristotle
• Teacher of Alexander the Great
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Greek Philosophy• Philosophy:
– organized system of thought, “love of wisdom”
1. Socrates: – Believed purpose of education was to improve individual
• Left behind no writings– His ideas written by students (Plato)
• Questioned students to help them learn– Where we get “Socratic Seminar” from- you sit in a circle
and discuss by asking questions– Always answered a question with a question
• Q- Why is the weather so horrible? A- Why do you think the weather is so horrible?
– Taught students to QUESTION society
• Believed: “the unexamined life is not worth living” SADLY:• Got into trouble w/ Athenian government (for
teaching students to QUESTION) and was forced to commit suicide by drinking hemlock juice/ poison
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2. Plato• Student of Socrates
• Fascinated by question of reality: how do we know what is real?
• Believed concepts/ ideas were true reality– physical objects are just “shadows”– Ex: a beautiful woman is beautiful only
because she has characteristics of the IDEA of beauty, on her own, she is just a mere shadow of what is beauty (think of features people think are beautiful in Hollywood, are they similar features?)
• Wrote about gov’t in his book the Republic– believed philosopher-kings should rule because only
they were enlightened and had true wisdom
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3. Aristotle• Student of Plato
• Believed we only know true reality by observation and study of things– Used logic to classify/understand– He was MUCH more practical than
his teacher Plato, he wanted facts
• Interested in everything– wrote on thought, science, art, etc.
• Western scholarship based on him until 1600 AD– Concerned more with the true
nature of the world than Plato
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Using logic, tell me whether it is a valid or invalid argument.
Basic examples ( FOR FUN/ not notes) on logic:
If A=B
And B=C
Then A=? (answer is C) ….basic mathematical formula NOT using #s
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. All men are mortal 2. Socrates is a man . Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
1. Some plants are poisonous.2. Broccoli is a plantTherefore, broccoli is poisonous
1. All doctors are men.2. My mother is a doctorTherefore, my mother is a man.
*The “premise” or phrases
within the argument must be true or else the conclusion might not work, even if you use correct deductive reasoning.
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Answers to Logic Q’s
• Valid
• Invalid – Using the word “some” doesn’t include all plants
• Invalid – (first premise isn’t true… all men are not doctors, therefore the
argument can’t be valid)
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Peloponnesian Wars
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Peloponnesian Wars 431-404 BC• After Persian Wars, 2 main powers in Greece:
– Athens w/ Delian League – Sparta w/ Peloponnesian League
• Both wanted to be most powerful – led to conflict 431 BC
• Series of wars fought between:– Spartan army – Athenian navy
• Finally Spartans defeated Athenians (ironically w/ Persian help)
Problem b/c fighting weakened all Greek city-states- thus, very easy for Macedonia to take over
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Peloponnesian Wars: Posters!!!
(Use pages 140-141 in text)• With a partner:– You must pick a side in the Peloponnesian Wars– Create a propaganda poster advertising YOUR league!
Directions for poster: • 1. On one side of the paper- draw a picture that
shows your side’s strengths and add a slogan (be creative)
• 2. On the back -write two paragraphs about why your side is better than the other and why you will win (be sure to justify your reasoning)
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Check your knowledge…..• 1. Which Greek philosopher believed that “the unexamined
life is not worth living” and left behind no writings of his own.
• 2. Which Greek philosopher believed concepts and ideas were the true reality and that people and humans were mere shadows of reality?
• 3. Which Greek philosopher believed true reality could only be uncovered through logic and observation?
• 4.Classical Greek art was sculpted using idealistic proportions, meaning what?
• 5.What famous temple was built to Athena in Athens which portrays the clean and calm lines without too much unnecessary details?
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Additional Activity:
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A Dialogue…(use pages 143-144)
• Write a 1- page dialogue between all three philosophers we discussed in class.
• The dialogue should have them discussing their views (not just random weather outside).
• Example: – Have them discuss their views on reality, society,
questioning authority, etc.