Warm Up

• Read the blue box on democracy at the bottom of p. 134-135 and answer the question.

Classical Greece

Athens and the Age of Pericles• Time period between Persian and

Peloponnesian Wars

• After the Persian Wars, the Greeks founded the Delian League to protect against invasion -Sparta refused to join (they didn’t “need” to be

in a league with other Greeks)- THUS…. This became the Athenian Empire

• Pericles- dominant in Athenian politics, HUGE believer in democracy– Center of philosophy, architecture, learning,

art, etc, under him. – GOLDEN AGE of ATHENS!

• Food came from trade, protected by the Athenian navy

Greek Drama• First writers of drama

– comedy came much later

• Masks used to show emotion– Only male actors allowed – Oedipus Rex trilogy by

Sophocles about man who becomes king w/ disastrous results

• He accidentally kills his father• He accidentally marries his mother• ALL because he was given up at

birth because of a prophecy• (You should read excerpts in your

9th/10th grade English class)

History • 1st people to try to analyze past events– From other cultures and people groups

• Herodotus: – 1st historian, wrote about Persian Wars

(in most college history classes, this is one of the main historians whose work you will be read)

• He added superstition • Very biased against non-Greeks• Called “Father of History”• ALSO called “Father of Lies”

– It is believed he fabricated facts/ received information from second-hand sources but claimed he saw them.

• Thucydides- looked at human facts for causes of events and not to divine reasons/ the gods; found evidence for his history

Art/Architecture• Art attempted to express eternal ideals: – balance, proportion, harmony

• Sculpture shows this with perfect human proportions– HOWEVER- the facial

expressions look too beautiful/ peaceful for the action

– Classical Greek sculptures look TOO perfect facially, later- Hellenistic Greek sculptures look more realistic facially

• Architecture mainly temples: – Parthenon built in Athens,

shows calmness, clarity, freedom from unnecessary details

The Parthenon in Athens

This statue is also on p. 147 -called “The Discobolus” (discus thrower)

- GREAT example of CLASSICAL Greek art

- you can see how perfect the body is…muscles, ribs, veins in the arms, calf muscles, etc. -EXCEPT…. The face- it looks serene, pleasant, peaceful, at rest. Think about your face when you are tackling someone in football, guarding someone in basketball, etc….you have emotion!

This slide is just to help (as you take notes on the next slides):

• 3 main philosophers from Classical Greece– (you can memorize them in the correct order because their

first names are alphabetical, but BACKWARDS)

– Socrates (“Socrateeeez”)

• Teacher of Plato– Plato

• Teacher of Aristotle– Aristotle

• Teacher of Alexander the Great

Greek Philosophy• Philosophy:

– organized system of thought, “love of wisdom”

1. Socrates: – Believed purpose of education was to improve individual

• Left behind no writings– His ideas written by students (Plato)

• Questioned students to help them learn– Where we get “Socratic Seminar” from- you sit in a circle

and discuss by asking questions– Always answered a question with a question

• Q- Why is the weather so horrible? A- Why do you think the weather is so horrible?

– Taught students to QUESTION society

• Believed: “the unexamined life is not worth living” SADLY:• Got into trouble w/ Athenian government (for

teaching students to QUESTION) and was forced to commit suicide by drinking hemlock juice/ poison

2. Plato• Student of Socrates

• Fascinated by question of reality: how do we know what is real?

• Believed concepts/ ideas were true reality– physical objects are just “shadows”– Ex: a beautiful woman is beautiful only

because she has characteristics of the IDEA of beauty, on her own, she is just a mere shadow of what is beauty (think of features people think are beautiful in Hollywood, are they similar features?)

• Wrote about gov’t in his book the Republic– believed philosopher-kings should rule because only

they were enlightened and had true wisdom

3. Aristotle• Student of Plato

• Believed we only know true reality by observation and study of things– Used logic to classify/understand– He was MUCH more practical than

his teacher Plato, he wanted facts

• Interested in everything– wrote on thought, science, art, etc.

• Western scholarship based on him until 1600 AD– Concerned more with the true

nature of the world than Plato

Using logic, tell me whether it is a valid or invalid argument.

Basic examples ( FOR FUN/ not notes) on logic:

If A=B

And B=C

Then A=? (answer is C) ….basic mathematical formula NOT using #s

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1. All men are mortal 2. Socrates is a man . Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

1. Some plants are poisonous.2. Broccoli is a plantTherefore, broccoli is poisonous

1. All doctors are men.2. My mother is a doctorTherefore, my mother is a man.

*The “premise” or phrases

within the argument must be true or else the conclusion might not work, even if you use correct deductive reasoning.

Answers to Logic Q’s

• Valid

• Invalid – Using the word “some” doesn’t include all plants

• Invalid – (first premise isn’t true… all men are not doctors, therefore the

argument can’t be valid)

Peloponnesian Wars

Peloponnesian Wars 431-404 BC• After Persian Wars, 2 main powers in Greece:

– Athens w/ Delian League – Sparta w/ Peloponnesian League

• Both wanted to be most powerful – led to conflict 431 BC

• Series of wars fought between:– Spartan army – Athenian navy

• Finally Spartans defeated Athenians (ironically w/ Persian help)

Problem b/c fighting weakened all Greek city-states- thus, very easy for Macedonia to take over

Peloponnesian Wars: Posters!!!

(Use pages 140-141 in text)• With a partner:– You must pick a side in the Peloponnesian Wars– Create a propaganda poster advertising YOUR league!

Directions for poster: • 1. On one side of the paper- draw a picture that

shows your side’s strengths and add a slogan (be creative)

• 2. On the back -write two paragraphs about why your side is better than the other and why you will win (be sure to justify your reasoning)

Check your knowledge…..• 1. Which Greek philosopher believed that “the unexamined

life is not worth living” and left behind no writings of his own.

• 2. Which Greek philosopher believed concepts and ideas were the true reality and that people and humans were mere shadows of reality?

• 3. Which Greek philosopher believed true reality could only be uncovered through logic and observation?

• 4.Classical Greek art was sculpted using idealistic proportions, meaning what?

• 5.What famous temple was built to Athena in Athens which portrays the clean and calm lines without too much unnecessary details?

Additional Activity:

A Dialogue…(use pages 143-144)

• Write a 1- page dialogue between all three philosophers we discussed in class.

• The dialogue should have them discussing their views (not just random weather outside).

• Example: – Have them discuss their views on reality, society,

questioning authority, etc.