Metals and Acids Key Revision Facts
Test for hydrogen gas – place a lighted spill near the gas and hear a 'squeaky pop'.
Potassium, sodium and magnesium are all examples of reactive metals. Copper, lead and gold are all examples of unreactive metals. When reactive metals are placed in acids, they will react violently with lots of
gas given off. Unreactive metals do not react with the acid. The equation for the reaction between a metal and an acid is:
o metal + acid metal salt + hydrogeno Na + HCl NaCl + H2
State symbols o solid (s) o liquid (l )o gas (g)o aqueous (aq) - a substance dissolved in water
Magnesium and iron filings react vigorously with air. Group 1 metals react with water to produce hydroxides and hydrogen. sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen Some metals like magnesium react slowly with cold water but will react quickly
with steam. The reactivity series lists in order, how reactive metals are:
A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compound for example
magnesium + copper sulphate magnesium sulphate + copper Metals below carbon in the reactivity series can be extracted from its ore by
heating it with carbon Ceramic materials are compounds for example silicates and metal oxides Polymers are long chain molecules. Wool is an example of a natural polymer. Polyethene is an example of a synthetic polymer. A composite material is a mixture of different materials.
Either colour each square Red, Amber or Green or put a tick in each row to indicate how confident you feel with each statement.
I can R A G
Explain the test for hydrogen gas.Compare the reactions of different metals with different acids.Name 3 reactive metals.Name 2 unreactive metals.Write the word equation for the reaction between metals and acids.Write the symbol equations for the reaction between metals and acids.Use the state symbols (s), (g), (l) and (aq).Name 2 metals that react vigorously with the oxygen in air.Use the reactivity series to make predictions.Describe how group 1 metals react with water.Write an equation for the reaction between group 1 metals and water.Describe how magnesium reacts with steam.State what a displacement reaction is.Explain why magnesium displaces copper in copper sulphate solution.Explain why carbon can be used to extract some metals from its ores and not others.Explain what is meant by the term ceramics. List 4 physical properties of ceramics.State what a polymer is.
Metals and Acids Test Yourself 1Polymers Word SearchCircle the natural polymers in green and the synthetic polymers in blue.
ACRYLIC NYLON RUBBER
COTTON PVC WOOL
Match and DrawMatch the gas with its test
Gas Test
oxygen When near a lighted spill produces a squeaky pop
hydrogen When bubbled through limewater, the limewater turns cloudy
carbon dioxide Relights a glowing spill
What Do I Mean?What do the following state symbols mean?
(g)
(s)
(l)
(aq)
Metals in AcidsThe following metals were placed in hydrochloric acid and their results are shown below.
a) List the metals in order of reactivity, starting with the most reactive. _______________________________________________________________
b) Name the gas being released. ________________________
c) Complete the following word equations calcium + hydrochloric acid ________________ + hydrogen ____________ + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride + ____________ copper + sulphuric acid ________________ + hydrogen
Reactivity Complete the table below.
Element What happens when placed in water
potassium reacts violently, lilac flame
calcium
magnesium very slow reaction
gold
Soluble HydroxidesPlace a circle around the metals that react with water to produce soluble hydroxides. (HINT: The alkali metals)
gold rubidium sodium calcium
lithium aluminium zinc potassium
Displacement ReactionsIn a displacement reaction a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from a solution. Complete the following equations
iron + copper oxide _____________ + copper
aluminium + ____________ aluminium oxide + iron
copper + silver nitrate _____________ + silver
Metals and Acids Exam Style Questions
1. Part of the reactivity series is shown below. Use this to answer the following questions.
Pupils mixed Iron filings with copper sulphate solution. A displacement reaction occurred.
a. What is meant by a displacement reaction? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Write the equation for the reaction between iron filings and copper sulphate. ___________________________________________________________
c. If a displacement reaction has occurred, there will be a temperature increase. Place a tick if there would be a temperature increase.
mixtureWould there be a temperature
increase?copper sulfate solution +
aluminium
zinc sulfate + copper
copper nitrate + magnesium
iron nitrate + zinc
lead + aluminium nitrate
d. If there has been a temperature increase has an endothermic or exothermic reaction occurred? ____________________________________________
2. When magnesium is heated, it reacts with a gas in the air.
a. What is the chemical name of the product formed?_____________________________________
b. Has a physical or chemical change occurred?_____________________________________
c. Name the gas found in air that the magnesium reacts with. ____________________________________
3. Would a displacement reaction occur in the following? Circle either yes or no.
Lead was placed in aluminium nitrate Yes No
Calcium was placed in lead chloride Yes No
Zinc was placed in copper sulphate solution Yes No
4. This question is about acids and bases.a. Which ion is found in all acids?
Cl- H+ Na+ OH-
b. Zinc nitrate can be produced by reacting an acid and a metal oxide. Name the acid and the metal oxide used to produce zinc nitrate.Acid _______________________________________________________Metal oxide __________________________________________________
c. In an equation, zinc nitrate is written as Zn(NO3)2(aq). What does (aq) mean? Tick one box.
Dissolved in water
Insoluble
Not all reacted
Reactant
5. A teacher demonstrated the temperature change when hydrochloric acid is added to sodium hydroxide. This is the method used.
1. Add 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution to a polystyrene cup.2. Measure the temperature of the sodium hydroxide solution.3. Add 25.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid to the sodium hydroxide
solution.4. Stir the solution.5. Measure the maximum temperature of the solution.
a. Draw one line from each measurement to the most suitable piece of equipment to use to make the measurement.
Measurement Equipment
balance
Temperature of solution beaker
measuring cylinder
Volume of hydrochloric
acid metre rule
thermometer
b. The teacher did the experiment four times. The table below shows the teacher’s results.
Experiment Maximum temperature rise in °C
1 6.12 7.83 6.14 6.4
Calculate the mean maximum temperature rise. Do not use the anomalous result in your calculation.__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Mean maximum temperature rise = _______________ °C
The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is a neutralisation reaction.
The reaction produces a salt and one other product.
c. Complete the word equation for the reaction.
hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide ⟶ _______________+ ___________
d. Universal indicator is used to measure the pH of solutions.
Hydrochloric acid is pH 1 Sodium hydroxide is pH 13
Draw one line from the pH to the colour of universal indicator in a solution with that pH.
pH Colour of universal indicator
green
1 orange
purple
13 red
yellow
e. Draw one line from each solution to the pH value of the solution.
Solution pH value of the solution
5
Acid 7
9
Neutral 11
13
f. Which ion in aqueous solution causes acidity? Tick one box.
H+ O2−
Na+ OH−
g. When sulfuric acid is added to sodium hydroxide a reaction occurs to produce two products.The equation is:
H2SO4 + 2 NaOH Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
How many elements are in the formula H2SO4? Tick one box.3 6
4 7
h. What is this type of reaction? Tick one box.Decomposition Neutralisation
Displacement Reduction
i. Name the salt produced ________________________________________
6. When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, a salt, carbon dioxide and water are produced.
a. Describe how you would test for carbon dioxide gas.Test ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________Result ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
b. Describe how to make pure dry crystals of magnesium chloride from magnesium carbonate and a dilute acid. In your method you should name the equipment and type of acid you plan to use. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Complete the following equations and balance the symbol equationsa) copper + hydrochloric acid ____________________ + hydrogen
Cu + HCl CuCl2 + H2
b) ___________ + sulfuric acid ____________________ + hydrogen
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2
c) lead oxide + ____________________ lead nitrate + ___________
PbO + HNO3 Pb(NO3)2 + H2O
8. Sulfuric acid reacts with copper carbonate to produce a salt, water and carbon dioxide.
H2SO4 + CuCO3 CuSO4 + H2O + CO2
a) What is the name of the salt produced? ____________________________ b) A student reacted four metals with water and with a dilute acid to work out
the order of reactivity of the metals.
Metal Reaction with water
Reaction with dilute acid
Calcium Bubbles of gas XCopper Y No bubbles of gas
Magnesium Few bubbles of gas Bubbles of gas
Zinc No bubbles of gas Bubbles of gas
Write the observations for X and Y.
Observation at X __________________________________________
Observation at Y __________________________________________
c) Write the four metals, calcium, copper, magnesium and zinc, in order of reactivity. Start with the most reactive metal.
_____________ _____________ _____________ ______________
d) Some gases given off in reactions can be identified by chemical tests.
Draw one line from each chemical test to the name of the gas.
Chemical test Gas
e) Acids react with bases to produce salts and water, e.g. sodium chloride, NaCl.i. What type of bonding is in sodium? __________________
ii. What type of bonding is in chlorine? __________________
iii. What type of bonding is in sodium chloride? __________________
iv. What group is sodium in? ____ How many electrons in the outer shell?
____
v. What group is chlorine in? ____ How many electrons in the outer shell? ____
vi. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the outer shell electrons
in an atom of sodium.
vii. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the outer shell electrons
in an atom of chlorine.
viii. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the outer shell electrons
in sodium and chloride ions.