Metals and Acids Key Revision Facts

Test for hydrogen gas – place a lighted spill near the gas and hear a 'squeaky pop'.

Potassium, sodium and magnesium are all examples of reactive metals. Copper, lead and gold are all examples of unreactive metals. When reactive metals are placed in acids, they will react violently with lots of

gas given off. Unreactive metals do not react with the acid. The equation for the reaction between a metal and an acid is:

o metal + acid metal salt + hydrogeno Na + HCl NaCl + H2

State symbols o solid (s) o liquid (l )o gas (g)o aqueous (aq) - a substance dissolved in water

Magnesium and iron filings react vigorously with air. Group 1 metals react with water to produce hydroxides and hydrogen. sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen Some metals like magnesium react slowly with cold water but will react quickly

with steam. The reactivity series lists in order, how reactive metals are:

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compound for example

magnesium + copper sulphate magnesium sulphate + copper Metals below carbon in the reactivity series can be extracted from its ore by

heating it with carbon Ceramic materials are compounds for example silicates and metal oxides Polymers are long chain molecules. Wool is an example of a natural polymer. Polyethene is an example of a synthetic polymer. A composite material is a mixture of different materials.

Either colour each square Red, Amber or Green or put a tick in each row to indicate how confident you feel with each statement.

I can R A G

Explain the test for hydrogen gas.Compare the reactions of different metals with different acids.Name 3 reactive metals.Name 2 unreactive metals.Write the word equation for the reaction between metals and acids.Write the symbol equations for the reaction between metals and acids.Use the state symbols (s), (g), (l) and (aq).Name 2 metals that react vigorously with the oxygen in air.Use the reactivity series to make predictions.Describe how group 1 metals react with water.Write an equation for the reaction between group 1 metals and water.Describe how magnesium reacts with steam.State what a displacement reaction is.Explain why magnesium displaces copper in copper sulphate solution.Explain why carbon can be used to extract some metals from its ores and not others.Explain what is meant by the term ceramics. List 4 physical properties of ceramics.State what a polymer is.

Metals and Acids Test Yourself 1Polymers Word SearchCircle the natural polymers in green and the synthetic polymers in blue.

ACRYLIC NYLON RUBBER

COTTON PVC WOOL

Match and DrawMatch the gas with its test

Gas Test

oxygen When near a lighted spill produces a squeaky pop

hydrogen When bubbled through limewater, the limewater turns cloudy

carbon dioxide Relights a glowing spill

What Do I Mean?What do the following state symbols mean?

(g)

(s)

(l)

(aq)

Metals in AcidsThe following metals were placed in hydrochloric acid and their results are shown below.

a) List the metals in order of reactivity, starting with the most reactive. _______________________________________________________________

b) Name the gas being released. ________________________

c) Complete the following word equations calcium + hydrochloric acid ________________ + hydrogen ____________ + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride + ____________ copper + sulphuric acid ________________ + hydrogen

Reactivity Complete the table below.

Element What happens when placed in water

potassium reacts violently, lilac flame

calcium

magnesium very slow reaction

gold

Soluble HydroxidesPlace a circle around the metals that react with water to produce soluble hydroxides. (HINT: The alkali metals)

gold rubidium sodium calcium

lithium aluminium zinc potassium

Displacement ReactionsIn a displacement reaction a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from a solution. Complete the following equations

iron + copper oxide _____________ + copper

aluminium + ____________ aluminium oxide + iron

copper + silver nitrate _____________ + silver

Metals and Acids Exam Style Questions

1. Part of the reactivity series is shown below. Use this to answer the following questions.

Pupils mixed Iron filings with copper sulphate solution. A displacement reaction occurred.

a. What is meant by a displacement reaction? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Write the equation for the reaction between iron filings and copper sulphate. ___________________________________________________________

c. If a displacement reaction has occurred, there will be a temperature increase. Place a tick if there would be a temperature increase.

mixtureWould there be a temperature

increase?copper sulfate solution +

aluminium

zinc sulfate + copper

copper nitrate + magnesium

iron nitrate + zinc

lead + aluminium nitrate

d. If there has been a temperature increase has an endothermic or exothermic reaction occurred? ____________________________________________

2. When magnesium is heated, it reacts with a gas in the air.

a. What is the chemical name of the product formed?_____________________________________

b. Has a physical or chemical change occurred?_____________________________________

c. Name the gas found in air that the magnesium reacts with. ____________________________________

3. Would a displacement reaction occur in the following? Circle either yes or no.

Lead was placed in aluminium nitrate Yes No

Calcium was placed in lead chloride Yes No

Zinc was placed in copper sulphate solution Yes No

4. This question is about acids and bases.a. Which ion is found in all acids?

Cl- H+ Na+ OH-

b. Zinc nitrate can be produced by reacting an acid and a metal oxide. Name the acid and the metal oxide used to produce zinc nitrate.Acid _______________________________________________________Metal oxide __________________________________________________

c. In an equation, zinc nitrate is written as Zn(NO3)2(aq). What does (aq) mean? Tick one box.

Dissolved in water

Insoluble

Not all reacted

Reactant

5. A teacher demonstrated the temperature change when hydrochloric acid is added to sodium hydroxide. This is the method used.

1.   Add 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution to a polystyrene cup.2.   Measure the temperature of the sodium hydroxide solution.3.   Add 25.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid to the sodium hydroxide

solution.4.   Stir the solution.5.   Measure the maximum temperature of the solution.

a. Draw one line from each measurement to the most suitable piece of equipment to use to make the measurement.

Measurement   Equipment 

    balance 

Temperature of solution   beaker

     measuring cylinder

 Volume of hydrochloric

acid   metre rule

     thermometer

b. The teacher did the experiment four times. The table below shows the teacher’s results.

Experiment Maximum temperature rise in °C

1 6.12 7.83 6.14 6.4

Calculate the mean maximum temperature rise. Do not use the anomalous result in your calculation.__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Mean maximum temperature rise = _______________ °C

The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is a neutralisation reaction.

The reaction produces a salt and one other product.

c. Complete the word equation for the reaction.

hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide ⟶ _______________+ ___________

d. Universal indicator is used to measure the pH of solutions.

Hydrochloric acid is pH 1 Sodium hydroxide is pH 13

Draw one line from the pH to the colour of universal indicator in a solution with that pH.

 

pH   Colour of universal indicator

     green

 1   orange

     purple

 13   red

     yellow

e. Draw one line from each solution to the pH value of the solution. 

Solution   pH value of the solution

    5     

Acid   7     

    9     

Neutral   11     

    13

f. Which ion in aqueous solution causes acidity? Tick one box. 

H+ O2−

Na+ OH−

g. When sulfuric acid is added to sodium hydroxide a reaction occurs to produce two products.The equation is:

           H2SO4  +  2 NaOH      Na2SO4  +  2 H2O

How many elements are in the formula H2SO4? Tick one box.3 6

4 7

h. What is this type of reaction? Tick one box.Decomposition Neutralisation

Displacement Reduction

i. Name the salt produced ________________________________________

6. When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, a salt, carbon dioxide and water are produced.

a. Describe how you would test for carbon dioxide gas.Test ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________Result ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

b. Describe how to make pure dry crystals of magnesium chloride from magnesium carbonate and a dilute acid. In your method you should name the equipment and type of acid you plan to use. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Complete the following equations and balance the symbol equationsa) copper + hydrochloric acid ____________________ + hydrogen

Cu + HCl CuCl2 + H2

b) ___________ + sulfuric acid ____________________ + hydrogen

Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2

c) lead oxide + ____________________ lead nitrate + ___________

PbO + HNO3 Pb(NO3)2 + H2O

8. Sulfuric acid reacts with copper carbonate to produce a salt, water and carbon dioxide.

H2SO4   +   CuCO3             CuSO4   +   H2O   +   CO2

a) What is the name of the salt produced? ____________________________    b) A student reacted four metals with water and with a dilute acid to work out

the order of reactivity of the metals. 

Metal Reaction with water

Reaction with dilute acid

Calcium Bubbles of gas XCopper Y No bubbles of gas

Magnesium Few bubbles of gas Bubbles of gas

Zinc No bubbles of gas Bubbles of gas

Write the observations for X and Y.

Observation at X   __________________________________________

Observation at Y   __________________________________________

c) Write the four metals, calcium, copper, magnesium and zinc, in order of reactivity. Start with the most reactive metal.

_____________     _____________     _____________     ______________

d) Some gases given off in reactions can be identified by chemical tests.

Draw one line from each chemical test to the name of the gas.

Chemical test                                                      Gas

e) Acids react with bases to produce salts and water, e.g. sodium chloride, NaCl.i. What type of bonding is in sodium? __________________

ii. What type of bonding is in chlorine? __________________

iii. What type of bonding is in sodium chloride? __________________

iv. What group is sodium in? ____ How many electrons in the outer shell?

____

v. What group is chlorine in? ____ How many electrons in the outer shell? ____

vi. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the outer shell electrons

in an atom of sodium.

vii. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the outer shell electrons

in an atom of chlorine.

viii. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the outer shell electrons

in sodium and chloride ions.