Weed Control For Caneberries or
Why I fail at weed control, and what to do about it! Science, OSU Doug Doohan
[email protected] The Ohio State University
330 202 3593
Impacts on Brambles • Reported as one of the most important factors
limiting yield. But WHAT does science tell us? • Primocane density was still higher after 3-growing
seasons when weeds were well controlled in the first. (Trinka & Pritts 1992)
• Yield reduced by 18 – 40% by inadequate weed control in planting year. (Harkins et al. 2014)
• Hidden effects on disease & insect incidence.
Characteristics of Weeds
• Diversity & density can be astounding • Adaptations enable species to survive • Adapted to co-exist with the crop • Modify behavior to cope with weed control • Germination, emergence and reproduction
is environmentally timed. • Impact on crops almost always
underestimated
3 things that make or break weed control
• site preparation
• Right herbicide, applied at the right time, and at the right rate
• Preventing re-infestation
Site preparation starts 2 years before planting-
• Fallow (sod):
• Tillage to break dormancy in rhizomes/ rootstocks
• Glyphosate (+ Stinger) on regrowth; repeat as needed
• Fall-seeded Cover • Roundup Ready Crops: up to 3
applications/ year 60-75 days apart
• Seeding of permanent inter-row covers
stage of growth - CT: early bloom or rosette stage in fall - QG: 4 to 5 leaf stage to heading - BW: early bloom
1 to 2 qt/A, in 8-12 GPA - fall best - till 4-7 days later
Credit: igrow.org
Inter-row Cover Crops • Tall/ hard fescue (can take
more than 1 year to fully establish) – Late summer/ early fall – 50 - 75 lb/A/ 25 – 50 lb/A – Include a trace of perennial
ryegrass – 50 lb N/ A at seeding/ spring
• Bed Formation/ Irrigation • In-row
– Perennial rye
Weed Control 2,4-D Gallery Roundup Gallery + Surflan
Weed Control Strategies
Raspberry tolerance to clopyralid – Current Problem
Bark
Cultivation
Fabric
Straw Weedy Ctrl
Hand Weed Ctrl
Common chickweed Mouse-ear chickweed Purslane Prostrate Spurge
White clover Common violet Knotweed
www2.sluh.org informedfarmers.com wildflowers.jdcc.edu www.fmcturfwire.com
tangsphoto.photoshelter.com http://www.worldcrops.org/crops/Verdolaga.cfm oregonstate.edu http://www.garden-allotment.com/2012_05_01_archive.html
Yellow Woodsorrel Broadleaf Plantain Buckhorn Plantain Curly Dock Dandelion
Annual sow thistle Canada thistle Milky thistle Perennial sow thistle Common thistle
Transplanting Year Weeds Timing Trade
Name Rate PHI Notes
Spring/Fall Annual grasses and small-seeded broadleafs 2-3 DAT Devrinol 4-6 lb/A -
Annual grasses and small-seeded broadleafs 14 DAT Surflan 2-4 qt/A -
Postemergence Grasses & broadleaf Anytime Gramoxone 2-3 pt/A - Grasses 2 to 8" tall Poast 2 pt/A 45 days Grasses 2 to 8" tall Select Max 9-16 oz 7 days
Fall Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Casoron 100 lb/A 1 month
Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Roundup 1-3 qt/A 14 days
Established Planting (use all of the above) Weeds Timing Trade
Name Rate PHI
Preemergence
Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Casoron 100-150 lb/A 1 month
Grasses & broadleaf Fall/Early spring Karmex 3 lb/A -
Grasses & broadleaf Late fall/Early spring Devrinol 4-6 lb/A -
Grasses & broadleaf Fall/Early spring Solicam 2.5-5 lb/A 60 days
Grasses & broadleaf Early spring Surflan 2-4 qt/A -
Grasses & broadleaf Fall/Early spring Princep 2.5-5 lb/A Fruit not Present
Grasses & broadleaf Fall/Early spring Sinbar 1-2 lb/A 70 days
Postemergence
Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Glyphosate 1-3 qt/A 14 days
Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Paraquat 2-3 pt/A -
Grasses Grasses 2 to 8" tall Sethoxydim 2 pt/A 1 year
Ward & Majek, 2007
Ward & Majek, 2007
Herbicides - choice & timing
• Poast – 1-2.5 pt/A
• 7 day PHI
Select Max
Raspberry tolerance to clopyralid – Current Problem
Weed-free zone 18-24” each side of row.
Credit: rayshorticulture.blogspot.com
Right herbicide, applied at the right time, and at the right rate
Implications • Activation of herbicides • Leaching/ loss
of control
Ward & Majek, 2007
New herbicides
Weeds Timing of Treatment Trade Name Rate PHI
Broadleaf weeds Pre-bloom Callisto 6 fl oz/A -
Broadleafs and grasses 2nd Year Pre & early Post Matrix 4 oz/A 21 days
Broadleafs and nutsedges
2nd Year Pre & early Post Sandea 1/2-1 oz/A 14 days
Broadleafs, grass and sedge weeds
3rd Year Post (up to 3” Tall)
Zeus Prime XC 15.2 oz/A 3 days
Weed Communities Change with Time
Seasonal Emergence of Common Weed Species
CC DN
NS FT
CR PC
RD
0
40
80
120
3/18 4/18
5/18 6/18
7/18 8/18
9/18
Num
ber
of se
edlin
gs/m
2
Date
CC DN NS FT CR PC RD
Breth & Tee 2013
Overtime expect perennials to predominate • Reinfestation • Re-establishment Cleanup Plan Required
Cleanup Plan Required • Maintain alley
ways • 2,4-D
• Spot Sprays • Matrix • Sandea • Zeus Prime XC
Credit: ntf.no-tillfarmer.com
Weed Terrorists
Dispersal & prevention of weeds
1 weed or 1 million weed seeds?
Brambles Pre Plant Sod Kill
(year before) Glyphosate & 2,4-D
At Planting
Princep (1/2 rate)/ Surflan / Devrinol/
Callisto
Early Fall Princep (1/2 rate)
Late Fall Casoron ?/ Solicam
Spring Harvest Yr Matrix/ Sinbar/Callisto/ Karmex
Summer Sandea (14 d PHI) Sinbar/ Princep
Fall Sinbar/ Prinep/Karmex/ Sandia
Late Fall Casoron/ Solicam
Spring 2nd Harvest Zeus Prime XC
3 things that make or break weed control
• site preparation
• Right herbicide, applied at the right time, and at the right rate
• Preventing re-infestation
Weed Control in Small Fruit Crops
Funding & Support • American Berry Coop • Nourse Farms • OSUE • ODA • IR-4 Program • DuPont, FMC, Bayer,
Syngenta, BASF • Maurer Farms,
Moreland Fruit Farm