weed control for caneberries - the north american ... · weed control for caneberries or why i fail...
TRANSCRIPT
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Weed Control For Caneberries or
Why I fail at weed control, and what to do about it! Science, OSU Doug Doohan
[email protected] The Ohio State University
330 202 3593
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Impacts on Brambles • Reported as one of the most important factors
limiting yield. But WHAT does science tell us? • Primocane density was still higher after 3-growing
seasons when weeds were well controlled in the first. (Trinka & Pritts 1992)
• Yield reduced by 18 – 40% by inadequate weed control in planting year. (Harkins et al. 2014)
• Hidden effects on disease & insect incidence.
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Characteristics of Weeds
• Diversity & density can be astounding • Adaptations enable species to survive • Adapted to co-exist with the crop • Modify behavior to cope with weed control • Germination, emergence and reproduction
is environmentally timed. • Impact on crops almost always
underestimated
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3 things that make or break weed control
• site preparation
• Right herbicide, applied at the right time, and at the right rate
• Preventing re-infestation
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Site preparation starts 2 years before planting-
• Fallow (sod):
• Tillage to break dormancy in rhizomes/ rootstocks
• Glyphosate (+ Stinger) on regrowth; repeat as needed
• Fall-seeded Cover • Roundup Ready Crops: up to 3
applications/ year 60-75 days apart
• Seeding of permanent inter-row covers
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stage of growth - CT: early bloom or rosette stage in fall - QG: 4 to 5 leaf stage to heading - BW: early bloom
1 to 2 qt/A, in 8-12 GPA - fall best - till 4-7 days later
Credit: igrow.org
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Inter-row Cover Crops • Tall/ hard fescue (can take
more than 1 year to fully establish) – Late summer/ early fall – 50 - 75 lb/A/ 25 – 50 lb/A – Include a trace of perennial
ryegrass – 50 lb N/ A at seeding/ spring
• Bed Formation/ Irrigation • In-row
– Perennial rye
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Weed Control 2,4-D Gallery Roundup Gallery + Surflan
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Weed Control Strategies
Raspberry tolerance to clopyralid – Current Problem
Bark
Cultivation
Fabric
Straw Weedy Ctrl
Hand Weed Ctrl
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Common chickweed Mouse-ear chickweed Purslane Prostrate Spurge
White clover Common violet Knotweed
www2.sluh.org informedfarmers.com wildflowers.jdcc.edu www.fmcturfwire.com
tangsphoto.photoshelter.com http://www.worldcrops.org/crops/Verdolaga.cfm oregonstate.edu http://www.garden-allotment.com/2012_05_01_archive.html
Yellow Woodsorrel Broadleaf Plantain Buckhorn Plantain Curly Dock Dandelion
Annual sow thistle Canada thistle Milky thistle Perennial sow thistle Common thistle
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Transplanting Year Weeds Timing Trade
Name Rate PHI Notes
Spring/Fall Annual grasses and small-seeded broadleafs 2-3 DAT Devrinol 4-6 lb/A -
Annual grasses and small-seeded broadleafs 14 DAT Surflan 2-4 qt/A -
Postemergence Grasses & broadleaf Anytime Gramoxone 2-3 pt/A - Grasses 2 to 8" tall Poast 2 pt/A 45 days Grasses 2 to 8" tall Select Max 9-16 oz 7 days
Fall Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Casoron 100 lb/A 1 month
Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Roundup 1-3 qt/A 14 days
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Established Planting (use all of the above) Weeds Timing Trade
Name Rate PHI
Preemergence
Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Casoron 100-150 lb/A 1 month
Grasses & broadleaf Fall/Early spring Karmex 3 lb/A -
Grasses & broadleaf Late fall/Early spring Devrinol 4-6 lb/A -
Grasses & broadleaf Fall/Early spring Solicam 2.5-5 lb/A 60 days
Grasses & broadleaf Early spring Surflan 2-4 qt/A -
Grasses & broadleaf Fall/Early spring Princep 2.5-5 lb/A Fruit not Present
Grasses & broadleaf Fall/Early spring Sinbar 1-2 lb/A 70 days
Postemergence
Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Glyphosate 1-3 qt/A 14 days
Grasses & broadleaf Late fall Paraquat 2-3 pt/A -
Grasses Grasses 2 to 8" tall Sethoxydim 2 pt/A 1 year
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Ward & Majek, 2007
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Ward & Majek, 2007
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Herbicides - choice & timing
• Poast – 1-2.5 pt/A
• 7 day PHI
Select Max
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Raspberry tolerance to clopyralid – Current Problem
Weed-free zone 18-24” each side of row.
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Credit: rayshorticulture.blogspot.com
Right herbicide, applied at the right time, and at the right rate
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Implications • Activation of herbicides • Leaching/ loss
of control
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Ward & Majek, 2007
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New herbicides
Weeds Timing of Treatment Trade Name Rate PHI
Broadleaf weeds Pre-bloom Callisto 6 fl oz/A -
Broadleafs and grasses 2nd Year Pre & early Post Matrix 4 oz/A 21 days
Broadleafs and nutsedges
2nd Year Pre & early Post Sandea 1/2-1 oz/A 14 days
Broadleafs, grass and sedge weeds
3rd Year Post (up to 3” Tall)
Zeus Prime XC 15.2 oz/A 3 days
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Weed Communities Change with Time
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Seasonal Emergence of Common Weed Species
CC DN
NS FT
CR PC
RD
0
40
80
120
3/18 4/18
5/18 6/18
7/18 8/18
9/18
Num
ber
of se
edlin
gs/m
2
Date
CC DN NS FT CR PC RD
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Breth & Tee 2013
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Overtime expect perennials to predominate • Reinfestation • Re-establishment Cleanup Plan Required
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Cleanup Plan Required • Maintain alley
ways • 2,4-D
• Spot Sprays • Matrix • Sandea • Zeus Prime XC
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Credit: ntf.no-tillfarmer.com
Weed Terrorists
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Dispersal & prevention of weeds
1 weed or 1 million weed seeds?
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Brambles Pre Plant Sod Kill
(year before) Glyphosate & 2,4-D
At Planting
Princep (1/2 rate)/ Surflan / Devrinol/
Callisto
Early Fall Princep (1/2 rate)
Late Fall Casoron ?/ Solicam
Spring Harvest Yr Matrix/ Sinbar/Callisto/ Karmex
Summer Sandea (14 d PHI) Sinbar/ Princep
Fall Sinbar/ Prinep/Karmex/ Sandia
Late Fall Casoron/ Solicam
Spring 2nd Harvest Zeus Prime XC
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3 things that make or break weed control
• site preparation
• Right herbicide, applied at the right time, and at the right rate
• Preventing re-infestation
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Weed Control in Small Fruit Crops
Funding & Support • American Berry Coop • Nourse Farms • OSUE • ODA • IR-4 Program • DuPont, FMC, Bayer,
Syngenta, BASF • Maurer Farms,
Moreland Fruit Farm