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Western Region Space Grant Conference-RenoSeptember 19, 2009
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Program Objectives
Satellite Calibration and ValidationProvide platforms to enable essential calibration measurementsfor the Earth observing satellites, and the validation ofdata retrieval algorithms.
New Sensor DevelopmentProvide sub-orbital flight opportunities to test and refine newinstrument technologies/algorithms, and reduce risk prior to committing sensors for launch into space.
Process StudiesObtain high-resolution temporal and spatial measurementsof complex local processes, which can be coupled to global satellite observations for a better understanding of the complete Earth system.
Development of Next-Generation Scientists and EngineersFoster the development of our future workforce with the hands-oninvolvement of graduate students, and young scientists/engineers in all aspects of ongoing Earth science investigations.
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Airborne Science Program
Airborne Science Program
Andrew RobertsDep: Randy Albertson
Functions: Portfolio Mgmt,
Grants Studies and Report rqmnts,Education and Outreach,
Facilities, Testbeds and Operations
ARC ASP ProgramMatt Fladeland
Functions:Studies and Reports, Earth
Science Project Office, AirborneSensor Development Lab, Science
Mission Mgmt, Sierra
DFRC ASP ProgramBob Curry
Dep Jaques Vaschon
Functions:DC-8/NSERC, ER-2, Ikhana,
Global Hawk, G-III, DAOF
WFF ASP ProgramGeorge Postell
Dep Anthony Guillory
Functions:P-3, Catalog mgmt, small UAV, Reports, Budget Mgmt support
JSC ASP ProgramKen Cockrell
Dep Kevin Lesenski
Functions:WB-57,
Mission Support Programs
LaRC – Catalog Aircraft B-200
GRC – Catalog Aircraft S-3, Lear, Twin Otter, T-34
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NASA-NSERC StudentAirborne Research Program
(SARP)
George SeielstadRick Shetter
Alexandra Novak
July-August 2009
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SARP’s Objectives
• Inspire students to pursue STEM disciplines.
• Develop next generation of Earth System Scientists—with fresh research ideas.
• Demonstrate integration of science, engineering, and operations in major missions.
• Expose students to NASA programs.
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Students’ Institutions
• U Puerto Rico
• Montclair State U
• Rutgers U
• U Michigan
• Howard U
• Coastal Carolina U
• U Florida
• Loyola Marymount
• Slippery Rock U
• Carleton College
• U of Alaska Anchorage
• Randolph College
• U Iowa
• Montana State U
• UC Irvine
• Wellesley College
• Georgia Tech
• Michigan Tech U
• South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
• U North Dakota
• Brown U
• Texas A&M U
• Arizona State U
• U Maryland
• UC Santa Cruz
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Students’ Concentrations• Physics• Chemistry• Geoscience• Environmental Science• Engineering: Mechanical, Chemical, Aerospace,
Agriculture, Civil• Atmospheric Sciences• Marine Biology• Meteorology• Telecommunications
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SARP’s Strength: Students
29 Students, diverse in many respects
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Faculty
• UC Irvine: Don Blake, Sherwood Rowland (chemistry)• Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: John Ryan
(oceanography)• UC Davis: Susan Ustin (agriculture)• Florida State U: Henry Fuelberg (meteorology)• U Iowa: Greg Carmichael (modeling)• NASA: Jeff Myers, Andy Roberts, Jack Kaye, Brenda
Mulac, Marilyn Vasques, Ken Jucks, Jim Crawford, Barbara Schoeberl
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Faculty Commitment
Learning from each other(Nobel Prize notwithstanding)
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Mentors
Melissa Yang
Nick Clinton
ShawnKefauver
Crucial Strengths of SARP Fully committed to students Extremely knowledgeable Constantly accessible Guidance, not spoon-feeding Personable
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End-to-End Mission• Classroom—lectures for context
(See http://www.nserc.und.edu/learning/SARPmm.html)
• Hangar—flight planning
• Aircraft—data acquisition
• Field—surface validation
• Laboratory—data analysis & interpretation
• Classroom—Student presentations
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Projects
• Evapotranspiration in Almond Orchard and Cotton Field, CA Central Valley
• Air Quality, CA Central Valley
• Algal Bloom, Monterey Bay, CA
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Evapotranspiration
• Continuing drought and additional competing uses make water California’s most precious resource.
• Allocation for irrigation—in US’s most productive ag region—sharply reduced.
• Irrigation demand driven by water crops transpire.
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Almond OrchardSatellite
Air
Ground
System IntegrationObjective
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MASTER Monitors
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Analysis & Interpretation
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Drip irrigation
Fanjet irrigation
Satellite
COMPARISON
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1.110 mm/hr
1.074 mm/hr
1.081 mm/hr
1.053 mm/hr
1.078 mm/hr
1.064 mm/hr
1.056 mm/hr
ET from ground data
ET fromMASTER& Model
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Presentation of Results
Students’ Conclusions, ET• Fanjet irrigation more effective
than drip irrigation, leading to higher ET.
• METRIC model underestimates ET compared to the CIMIS PM equation.
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Monterey Bay FeaturesMonterey Bay Features
MASTER Enhanced image (Square root: linear 2%)MASTER Enhanced image (Square root: linear 2%)
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Conclusions, Monterey BayConclusions, Monterey Bay
• Hypothesis rejected: inconsistency in scaling between model and observed features.
• Unlikely cause: inconsistency in orientation of observed features.
• No significant difference in between features. • No definitive cause of features. Apparently wind-driven,
possibly linked to supercritical atmospheric waves. • Features not exclusively an atmospheric phenomenon.
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Central Valley, CA Dairies
• First in U.S. milk production (2006)
• 2.5 million cows in San Joaquin Valley
• A main source of VOCs and fine particulates.(SJV Air Pollution Control District, Aug. 2005)
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Data Acquisition
Air (WAS)
Ground
Lab
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Chromatograph Results
25
Propanol
Ethanol
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• Silage piles contributing oxygenates to Central Valley Air Basin
• Methanol and ethanol concentrations from dairy perimeter consistent with concentrations in boundary layer.
• Grid study shows existence of even higher emissions than our case study’s.
Conclusions: Air Quality
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Future 6-Week Program
• 1 week for lectures, limits per topic• 1 week at DAOF for instrument integration,
flight planning.• 1 week of data acquisition from DAOF.
– 2 flights if DC-8; 3 flights if fewer seats on aircraft.
– 3 days per project for surface measurements• 2.5 weeks for data analysis• 0.5 weeks for presentations
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NASA Dryden Flight Research Center Education Flight Projects
Airborne Research Experiences for Educators (AREE) - An airborne research and curriculum development experience for 10 (ten) middle and high school educators using the NASA DC-8 aircraft
• Outcome: To develop curriculum-based activities relating to NASA airborne research and Earth system science
• Educational goals mapped to NASA Education Strategic Coordination Framework, 2006 to inspire, engage, educate, and employ the future aerospace workforce
• Target Group: Ten (10) secondary educators (grades 6-12)who specialize in Science, Technology, Engineering, or Math (STEM) disciplines
• Committed partnerships between Dryden FRC, Cal State Fullerton, NSERC, Johnson Space Center, UC Irvine and AEROI
AREE educator home locations by state
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AREE Project Outcomes•
Educators participated in an airborne and ground research campaign to learn how NASA uses airborne research to study Earth system science.
• 10 new curriculum units that engage students in the question “How does data gathered through NASA airborne research campaigns help us understand interactions between Earth systems?”
• 10 highly inspired AREE Master Teachers prepared and motivated to engage and educate high school students to pursue STEM and NASA-related careers through AREE curriculum units.
• 1500 middle and high school students motivated to achieve in math and science through inquiry-based investigations of NASA airborne research data.
Students and educators participated in airborne research aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft
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AREE Future ProjectsUsing NASA Airborne Science Program (ASP) Flight platforms to provide K-12 educators with the skills and knowledge to attract and retain students in STEM disciplines.
• Other AREE education flight projects will look to engage participants in airborne research aboard other ASP flight platforms including the DC-8, P-3B, and Global Hawk
• Developed AREE-extension programs will include pre- and in-service educators in summer workshops relating to NASA AREE-related outcomes
– To include a global climate change research and professional development experience – A web-based Virtual Control Room Network highlighting ASP research campaigns
• Development of a professional online learning community and web-based platform to disseminate AREE-related curriculum
• Subsequent programs for K-12 students and higher education
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Airborne Research Experiences for Educators (AREE)
Flight Path
NASA DC-8 aircraft flying above Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility in California
MASTER (MODIS/ASTER) instrument
Thermal Infrared image
Visible Near Infrared image
Investigations invites students to engage in inquiry-based activities.
Find Out More invites students to review related NASA resources.
Images will engage K-12 students in the differences between visible and infrared spectral bands in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Images collected from the MASTER instrument during the DC-8 SARP-AREE flight Wednesday July 22, 2009
The MASTER instrument was used to collect remote sensing data of algal blooms at Monterey Bay , CA from ~37,000 ft. AGL
DC -8 Flight Path
An airborne research and curriculum development experience for 10 (ten) middle and high school educators using the NASA DC-8 aircraft
NASA AREE-related curriculum will engage ~1500 middle and high school students across
the country in Earth system sciences in its
inaugural year
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Educators collected in situ dairy farm gas emissions over the Central Valley via the Whole Air Sampler from ~1000 ft. AGL
Based on his airborne and ground research experience, educator Terry Nickerson incorporated the concepts of remote sensing and color to study vegetation into his Earth Science and Biology high school curriculum
Educators participated in collecting in situ data from a boat in Monterey Bay, CA for algal bloom research.
Airborne Research Experiences for Educators (AREE) Educators participated in an airborne and ground research campaign to learn how NASA uses airborne research to study Earth system science. Educators incorporated these concepts into their middle and high school curriculum
Atmospheric science team
Algal Bloom team
Crop Classification team
The MASTER instrument was used to measure evapotranspiration of crops (i.e. cotton fields and almond orchards) from ~13,000 ft AGL
Air samples were analyzed in the laboratory and the results were incorporated into middle and high school curriculum modules
Rachael Fein (far left) will simulate airborne and ground data collection to her 9th and 10th grade mathematics and robotics students using LEGO robots
Crop Classification team
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Wetland Education
using
Maps, Aerial Photography, and Satellite Imagery
Catherine M. Lockwood Lawrence R. Handley Nathan Handley
Chadron State College USGS National Wetlands IT Consultant
Chadron, Nebraska Research Center Lafayette, Louisiana
Lafayette, Louisiana
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WETMAAP
Primary Goal
To teach basic map skills and
imagery interpretation using
Wetlands as the focal point.
To introduce multiple maps and
images to educators.
Secondary Goal
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Teacher Workshops
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Program Facts 1996-2008
Sites in 16 states, the District of Columbia, Costa Rica and Panama
Total Training Sessions: 157Total Participants: 3,828Average per session: 24.50
Workshops and Participants 1996-2008
Number of Workshops
Number of Participants
Workshops (2 to 4 days) 26 519
Workshops ( 3 to 8 hours) 72 1135
Workshops (50 min to < 3 hours) 42 1234
Presentations (20 min – 30 min) 27 950
Total 157 3828
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Summary
• Education is a substantial part of ASP
• There are positive results
• There is senior management support
• This will continue