Western Region Space Grant Conference-RenoSeptember 19, 2009

Program Objectives

Satellite Calibration and ValidationProvide platforms to enable essential calibration measurementsfor the Earth observing satellites, and the validation ofdata retrieval algorithms.

New Sensor DevelopmentProvide sub-orbital flight opportunities to test and refine newinstrument technologies/algorithms, and reduce risk prior to committing sensors for launch into space.

Process StudiesObtain high-resolution temporal and spatial measurementsof complex local processes, which can be coupled to global satellite observations for a better understanding of the complete Earth system.

Development of Next-Generation Scientists and EngineersFoster the development of our future workforce with the hands-oninvolvement of graduate students, and young scientists/engineers in all aspects of ongoing Earth science investigations.

Airborne Science Program

Airborne Science Program

Andrew RobertsDep: Randy Albertson

Functions: Portfolio Mgmt,

Grants Studies and Report rqmnts,Education and Outreach,

Facilities, Testbeds and Operations

ARC ASP ProgramMatt Fladeland

Functions:Studies and Reports, Earth

Science Project Office, AirborneSensor Development Lab, Science

Mission Mgmt, Sierra

DFRC ASP ProgramBob Curry

Dep Jaques Vaschon

Functions:DC-8/NSERC, ER-2, Ikhana,

Global Hawk, G-III, DAOF

WFF ASP ProgramGeorge Postell

Dep Anthony Guillory

Functions:P-3, Catalog mgmt, small UAV, Reports, Budget Mgmt support

JSC ASP ProgramKen Cockrell

Dep Kevin Lesenski

Functions:WB-57,

Mission Support Programs

LaRC – Catalog Aircraft B-200

GRC – Catalog Aircraft S-3, Lear, Twin Otter, T-34

NASA-NSERC StudentAirborne Research Program

(SARP)

George SeielstadRick Shetter

Alexandra Novak

July-August 2009

SARP’s Objectives

• Inspire students to pursue STEM disciplines.

• Develop next generation of Earth System Scientists—with fresh research ideas.

• Demonstrate integration of science, engineering, and operations in major missions.

• Expose students to NASA programs.

Students’ Institutions

• U Puerto Rico

• Montclair State U

• Rutgers U

• U Michigan

• Howard U

• Coastal Carolina U

• U Florida

• Loyola Marymount

• Slippery Rock U

• Carleton College

• U of Alaska Anchorage

• Randolph College

• U Iowa

• Montana State U

• UC Irvine

• Wellesley College

• Georgia Tech

• Michigan Tech U

• South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

• U North Dakota

• Brown U

• Texas A&M U

• Arizona State U

• U Maryland

• UC Santa Cruz

Students’ Concentrations• Physics• Chemistry• Geoscience• Environmental Science• Engineering: Mechanical, Chemical, Aerospace,

Agriculture, Civil• Atmospheric Sciences• Marine Biology• Meteorology• Telecommunications

SARP’s Strength: Students

29 Students, diverse in many respects

Faculty

• UC Irvine: Don Blake, Sherwood Rowland (chemistry)• Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: John Ryan

(oceanography)• UC Davis: Susan Ustin (agriculture)• Florida State U: Henry Fuelberg (meteorology)• U Iowa: Greg Carmichael (modeling)• NASA: Jeff Myers, Andy Roberts, Jack Kaye, Brenda

Mulac, Marilyn Vasques, Ken Jucks, Jim Crawford, Barbara Schoeberl

Faculty Commitment

Learning from each other(Nobel Prize notwithstanding)

Mentors

Melissa Yang

Nick Clinton

ShawnKefauver

Crucial Strengths of SARP Fully committed to students Extremely knowledgeable Constantly accessible Guidance, not spoon-feeding Personable

End-to-End Mission• Classroom—lectures for context

(See http://www.nserc.und.edu/learning/SARPmm.html)

• Hangar—flight planning

• Aircraft—data acquisition

• Field—surface validation

• Laboratory—data analysis & interpretation

• Classroom—Student presentations

Projects

• Evapotranspiration in Almond Orchard and Cotton Field, CA Central Valley

• Air Quality, CA Central Valley

• Algal Bloom, Monterey Bay, CA

Evapotranspiration

• Continuing drought and additional competing uses make water California’s most precious resource.

• Allocation for irrigation—in US’s most productive ag region—sharply reduced.

• Irrigation demand driven by water crops transpire.

Almond OrchardSatellite

Air

Ground

System IntegrationObjective

MASTER Monitors

Analysis & Interpretation

Drip irrigation

Fanjet irrigation

Satellite

COMPARISON

1.110 mm/hr

1.074 mm/hr

1.081 mm/hr

1.053 mm/hr

1.078 mm/hr

1.064 mm/hr

1.056 mm/hr

ET from ground data

ET fromMASTER& Model

Presentation of Results

Students’ Conclusions, ET• Fanjet irrigation more effective

than drip irrigation, leading to higher ET.

• METRIC model underestimates ET compared to the CIMIS PM equation.

Monterey Bay FeaturesMonterey Bay Features

MASTER Enhanced image (Square root: linear 2%)MASTER Enhanced image (Square root: linear 2%)

Conclusions, Monterey BayConclusions, Monterey Bay

• Hypothesis rejected: inconsistency in scaling between model and observed features.

• Unlikely cause: inconsistency in orientation of observed features.

• No significant difference in between features. • No definitive cause of features. Apparently wind-driven,

possibly linked to supercritical atmospheric waves. • Features not exclusively an atmospheric phenomenon.

Central Valley, CA Dairies

• First in U.S. milk production (2006)

• 2.5 million cows in San Joaquin Valley

• A main source of VOCs and fine particulates.(SJV Air Pollution Control District, Aug. 2005)

Data Acquisition

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Chromatograph Results

25

Propanol

Ethanol

• Silage piles contributing oxygenates to Central Valley Air Basin

• Methanol and ethanol concentrations from dairy perimeter consistent with concentrations in boundary layer.

• Grid study shows existence of even higher emissions than our case study’s.

Conclusions: Air Quality

Future 6-Week Program

• 1 week for lectures, limits per topic• 1 week at DAOF for instrument integration,

flight planning.• 1 week of data acquisition from DAOF.

– 2 flights if DC-8; 3 flights if fewer seats on aircraft.

– 3 days per project for surface measurements• 2.5 weeks for data analysis• 0.5 weeks for presentations

NASA Dryden Flight Research Center Education Flight Projects

Airborne Research Experiences for Educators (AREE) - An airborne research and curriculum development experience for 10 (ten) middle and high school educators using the NASA DC-8 aircraft

• Outcome: To develop curriculum-based activities relating to NASA airborne research and Earth system science

• Educational goals mapped to NASA Education Strategic Coordination Framework, 2006 to inspire, engage, educate, and employ the future aerospace workforce

• Target Group: Ten (10) secondary educators (grades 6-12)who specialize in Science, Technology, Engineering, or Math (STEM) disciplines

• Committed partnerships between Dryden FRC, Cal State Fullerton, NSERC, Johnson Space Center, UC Irvine and AEROI

AREE educator home locations by state

AREE Project Outcomes•

Educators participated in an airborne and ground research campaign to learn how NASA uses airborne research to study Earth system science.

• 10 new curriculum units that engage students in the question “How does data gathered through NASA airborne research campaigns help us understand interactions between Earth systems?”

• 10 highly inspired AREE Master Teachers prepared and motivated to engage and educate high school students to pursue STEM and NASA-related careers through AREE curriculum units.

• 1500 middle and high school students motivated to achieve in math and science through inquiry-based investigations of NASA airborne research data.

Students and educators participated in airborne research aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft

AREE Future ProjectsUsing NASA Airborne Science Program (ASP) Flight platforms to provide K-12 educators with the skills and knowledge to attract and retain students in STEM disciplines.

• Other AREE education flight projects will look to engage participants in airborne research aboard other ASP flight platforms including the DC-8, P-3B, and Global Hawk

• Developed AREE-extension programs will include pre- and in-service educators in summer workshops relating to NASA AREE-related outcomes

– To include a global climate change research and professional development experience – A web-based Virtual Control Room Network highlighting ASP research campaigns

• Development of a professional online learning community and web-based platform to disseminate AREE-related curriculum

• Subsequent programs for K-12 students and higher education

Airborne Research Experiences for Educators (AREE)

Flight Path

NASA DC-8 aircraft flying above Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility in California

MASTER (MODIS/ASTER) instrument

Thermal Infrared image

Visible Near Infrared image

Investigations invites students to engage in inquiry-based activities.

Find Out More invites students to review related NASA resources.

Images will engage K-12 students in the differences between visible and infrared spectral bands in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Images collected from the MASTER instrument during the DC-8 SARP-AREE flight Wednesday July 22, 2009

The MASTER instrument was used to collect remote sensing data of algal blooms at Monterey Bay , CA from ~37,000 ft. AGL

DC -8 Flight Path

An airborne research and curriculum development experience for 10 (ten) middle and high school educators using the NASA DC-8 aircraft

NASA AREE-related curriculum will engage ~1500 middle and high school students across

the country in Earth system sciences in its

inaugural year

Educators collected in situ dairy farm gas emissions over the Central Valley via the Whole Air Sampler from ~1000 ft. AGL

Based on his airborne and ground research experience, educator Terry Nickerson incorporated the concepts of remote sensing and color to study vegetation into his Earth Science and Biology high school curriculum

Educators participated in collecting in situ data from a boat in Monterey Bay, CA for algal bloom research.

Airborne Research Experiences for Educators (AREE) Educators participated in an airborne and ground research campaign to learn how NASA uses airborne research to study Earth system science. Educators incorporated these concepts into their middle and high school curriculum

Atmospheric science team

Algal Bloom team

Crop Classification team

The MASTER instrument was used to measure evapotranspiration of crops (i.e. cotton fields and almond orchards) from ~13,000 ft AGL

Air samples were analyzed in the laboratory and the results were incorporated into middle and high school curriculum modules

Rachael Fein (far left) will simulate airborne and ground data collection to her 9th and 10th grade mathematics and robotics students using LEGO robots

Crop Classification team

Wetland Education

using

Maps, Aerial Photography, and Satellite Imagery

Catherine M. Lockwood Lawrence R. Handley Nathan Handley

Chadron State College USGS National Wetlands IT Consultant

Chadron, Nebraska Research Center Lafayette, Louisiana

Lafayette, Louisiana

WETMAAP

Primary Goal

To teach basic map skills and

imagery interpretation using

Wetlands as the focal point.

To introduce multiple maps and

images to educators.

Secondary Goal

Teacher Workshops

Program Facts 1996-2008

Sites in 16 states, the District of Columbia, Costa Rica and Panama

Total Training Sessions: 157Total Participants: 3,828Average per session: 24.50

Workshops and Participants 1996-2008

Number of Workshops

Number of Participants

Workshops (2 to 4 days) 26 519

Workshops ( 3 to 8 hours) 72 1135

Workshops (50 min to < 3 hours) 42 1234

Presentations (20 min – 30 min) 27 950

Total 157 3828

Summary

• Education is a substantial part of ASP

• There are positive results

• There is senior management support

• This will continue