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Winter Weather Pattern
Recognition
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Ice Storm (500mb)• Trough or upper level low to the west
o Source for upper level divergence (rising motion) and southerly winds which bring moisture and low-level warmer air northward
• Short wave trough or long wave trough generally to the northeasto Source of near surface cold air
• Cold front associated with the upper level trough • Typically shallow arctic air
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Ice Storm (500mb)
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Ice Storm (500mb)
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Ice Storm (850mb)• Southerly component to the wind
o Warm air advection
• Warm (above freezing) temperatures o Must melt the falling snow
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Ice Storm (850mb)
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Ice Storm (Surface)• Surface temperatures obviously must be below
freezing• Low pressure to the west• High pressure in the northern plains or upper
Midwest• Northerly component to the winds
o Cold air advection
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Ice Storm (Surface)
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Typical Sounding
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Blizzard/Snow Storm (500mb)
• Long wave trough with embedded short wave trough or upper-level closed lowo Upper-level low tends to track over northern Texas
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Blizzard/Snow Storm (500mb)
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Blizzard/Snow Storm (850mb)
• Low pressure to the east• Cold air (below freezing)• Northerly winds
o Cold air advectiono Frequently strong
• Blizzard
• Gulf moisture to the east or southeasto Advected around the cyclone
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Blizzard/Snow Storm (850mb)
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Blizzard/Snow Storm (850mb)
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Blizzard/Snow Storm (Surface)
• Surface low to the east• Sustained winds (or frequent gusts) of 35+ mph
and visibility of less than ¼ mileo Must be present for at least 3 consecutive hours for a blizzard
• Dense packing of isobars (blizzard)o “Tight” pressure gradient
• Strong winds
• Northerly component to wind
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Blizzard/Snow Storm (Surface)
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Typical Sounding
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500mb Vorticity Average Tracks
From Vanyo 2010
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Ice Storm, Blizzard, or Snow
Storm?
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