Download - World war 1
The First World War
Truly a world war:Fought frm the Shores of America to
Shores of Japan
Triple Alliance
• Dual Alliance by Germany and Austria-Hungary (1879)
• expanded to include Italy. (1882)
• support each other if attacked by eitherFrance or Russia.
Triple Entente: : : Britain,France and Russia,
Assassination at Sarajevo• Gen Oskar Potiorek (Gov. of Austrian provinces of
Bosnia-Herzegovina)>>>invites>>> Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Inspector of the Austro-Hungarian Army & Wife
• Problem• people living in Bosnia-Herzegovina
unhappy with Austrian rule favoured union with Serbia
• Black Hand (Unity or Death) groupwanted Bosnia-Herzegovina to leave theAustro-Hungarian Empire
Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijevic
• the chief of the Intelligence Department of the Serbian General Staff considered Franz Ferdinand a serious threat to a union between Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia.
• Earlier Ferdinand plans to grant concessions to the South Slavs independent Serbian state nw impossible Dimitrijevic plan to murdr Ferdinand
THE PLAN
1 Muhamed Mehmedbasic 5 Gavrilo Princip (morning) 2 Nedjelko Cabrinovic 6 Gavrilo Princip (afternoon)3 Vaso Cubrilovic 7 Trifko Grabez4 Cvijetko Popovic 8 Danilo Ilic
Miljacka river
FERDINAND ASSASINATED
• Austrian authorities interrogated Black Hand group demanded that the Serbian government responsible Serbia unwilling to hand 3 men Nikola Pasic (PM of Serbia):- “would be a violation of Serbia's Constitution and criminal in law"
• first two years of the First World War Serbian Army suffered a series of military defeats
• Black Hand ( responsble for war) Disbanded
• Dimitrijevic and several of the Black Hand leaders were arrested
German government
• full support for Austro-Hungary
• Russia Govt support Serbia
• Austro-Hungarian declares war on Serbia.
• Austria Bombed Belgrade; Serbs ask for Russian help• Russia mobilizes its armed forces in support of Serbia.
• Provoked by Germany France nw moved it’s troups
Germany declares war on Russia.
• Italy declares does not intend to honour its Triple Alliance obligations will remain neutral
• Germany declares war on France. Found Belgium an easy route to capture Paris
• Belgian neutrality was guaranteed by Britain (sympathetic to Belgium)
• But Britain Warns Germany Britain would go to war if Belgium was invaded.
Battle of frontiers
• At Mons Britian met with German army.But the allies decided to retreat after the huge toll of death
• Battle of frontiers:– the intrusion attack of france to Germany,by
getting into it’s territory—200,000 men lost to men—French disaster Germany advance
Battle of Marne;the miracle
• Combined attack of Britain+ France towards Germany; French saved by a miracle
• IN THE EAST• Russia well advanced into Austria; Austria lost
Battle of Tannenberg
• Whr Russian and German Army collided; Victory for Germany
• Battle of Yrpes• Germany’s last chance of oppurtunity to
intrude West
Schlieffen Plan Alfred von Schlieffen, German Army Chief of Staff
(Plan: Attack and Defeat France 1st,before Russia could awake)
The German Army marches into Belgium
• Britain declares war on Germany.•
• Austro-Hungary declares war on Russia.
• France declares war on Austro-Hungary.
• Britain declares war on Austro-Hungary.
• France invades Lorraine.
Defeat of Schlieffen Plan
• 65 million particiapted• 10 million died• 20 million wounded phsically or mentally• Destroyed the very lands: not a tree stand; full
of deadbodies • Germany Responsible for War• Reconstruction of Villages and Urban
14 Points of Wilson
• Fullfilled 3 out of 14• 1.Evacuation and restoration of Belgium• 2.Evacuation and restoration of all French
lands;return of Alsace-Lorain to France• 3.Establishment of an independent
Poland,with free and secure access to the sea.
League of Nations
• The members were those countries victorius on war.Germany & Austria Hungary excluded
• USA stayed away.Russia was not allowed to join