The First World War

Truly a world war:Fought frm the Shores of America to

Shores of Japan

Triple Alliance

• Dual Alliance by Germany and Austria-Hungary (1879)

• expanded to include Italy. (1882)

• support each other if attacked by eitherFrance or Russia.

Triple Entente: : : Britain,France and Russia,

Assassination at Sarajevo• Gen Oskar Potiorek (Gov. of Austrian provinces of

Bosnia-Herzegovina)>>>invites>>> Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Inspector of the Austro-Hungarian Army & Wife

• Problem• people living in Bosnia-Herzegovina

unhappy with Austrian rule favoured union with Serbia

• Black Hand (Unity or Death) groupwanted Bosnia-Herzegovina to leave theAustro-Hungarian Empire

Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijevic

• the chief of the Intelligence Department of the Serbian General Staff considered Franz Ferdinand a serious threat to a union between Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia.

• Earlier Ferdinand plans to grant concessions to the South Slavs independent Serbian state nw impossible Dimitrijevic plan to murdr Ferdinand

THE PLAN

1 Muhamed Mehmedbasic 5 Gavrilo Princip (morning) 2 Nedjelko Cabrinovic 6 Gavrilo Princip (afternoon)3 Vaso Cubrilovic 7 Trifko Grabez4 Cvijetko Popovic 8 Danilo Ilic

Miljacka river

FERDINAND ASSASINATED

• Austrian authorities interrogated Black Hand group demanded that the Serbian government responsible Serbia unwilling to hand 3 men Nikola Pasic (PM of Serbia):- “would be a violation of Serbia's Constitution and criminal in law"

• first two years of the First World War Serbian Army suffered a series of military defeats

• Black Hand ( responsble for war) Disbanded

• Dimitrijevic and several of the Black Hand leaders were arrested

German government

• full support for Austro-Hungary

• Russia Govt support Serbia

• Austro-Hungarian declares war on Serbia.

• Austria Bombed Belgrade; Serbs ask for Russian help• Russia mobilizes its armed forces in support of Serbia.

• Provoked by Germany France nw moved it’s troups

Germany declares war on Russia.

• Italy declares does not intend to honour its Triple Alliance obligations will remain neutral

• Germany declares war on France. Found Belgium an easy route to capture Paris

• Belgian neutrality was guaranteed by Britain (sympathetic to Belgium)

• But Britain Warns Germany Britain would go to war if Belgium was invaded.

Battle of frontiers

• At Mons Britian met with German army.But the allies decided to retreat after the huge toll of death

• Battle of frontiers:– the intrusion attack of france to Germany,by

getting into it’s territory—200,000 men lost to men—French disaster Germany advance

Battle of Marne;the miracle

• Combined attack of Britain+ France towards Germany; French saved by a miracle

• IN THE EAST• Russia well advanced into Austria; Austria lost

Battle of Tannenberg

• Whr Russian and German Army collided; Victory for Germany

• Battle of Yrpes• Germany’s last chance of oppurtunity to

intrude West

Schlieffen Plan Alfred von Schlieffen, German Army Chief of Staff

(Plan: Attack and Defeat France 1st,before Russia could awake)

The German Army marches into Belgium

• Britain declares war on Germany.•

• Austro-Hungary declares war on Russia.

• France declares war on Austro-Hungary.

• Britain declares war on Austro-Hungary.

• France invades Lorraine.

Defeat of Schlieffen Plan

• 65 million particiapted• 10 million died• 20 million wounded phsically or mentally• Destroyed the very lands: not a tree stand; full

of deadbodies • Germany Responsible for War• Reconstruction of Villages and Urban

14 Points of Wilson

• Fullfilled 3 out of 14• 1.Evacuation and restoration of Belgium• 2.Evacuation and restoration of all French

lands;return of Alsace-Lorain to France• 3.Establishment of an independent

Poland,with free and secure access to the sea.

League of Nations

• The members were those countries victorius on war.Germany & Austria Hungary excluded

• USA stayed away.Russia was not allowed to join

The war Ended in books, but not in real terms

byAkhil Krishnan

amiddleclassman@gmail.com