dpb -basics slr

7/30/2019 DPB -Basics SLR

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Kent Messamore

3/6/2010


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Digital Photography Basics

What we are not oin to cover

Characteristics of Digital Cameras

Low End Point & Shoot Cameras

Mid Ran e Point & Shoot Cameras

Digital single Lens Reflex Cameras

Post Processing Software

Color

Shooting Modes

anag ng mages on your amera

Down Loading images from Camera to Computer

Getting Prints from your images

JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 2


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What we are not going to cover

Charging battery

r ry

Inserting memory card

urn ng camera on o

Setting date & time

e ng sp ay anguage Taking Video



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Characteristics of Digital Cameras

Low end Point & shoot.

$75 - $500 Zoom Lens 4x to 9x (35 to 135 mm; 35 to 300 mm)

Resolution 300-600 mp dont pay for more as you probably wont printgreater than 8x10 print

Resolution needed for print sizes

Resolution(megapixels)

Avg.quality

Bestquality

.5 mp 3x5 in. N/A

Maximum size for good prints

Display size on a computer monitor

Size of image file, which in turn affects how storage space to hold the file

Dont pay for a lot of extras (such as RAW format or manual exposure) asyou probably wont use them, or if you do, you wont be satisfied with the

2 mp 8x10 in. 3x5 in.

4 mp 11x14 in. 5x7 in.

6 mp 16x20 in. 8x10 in.

8 mp 20x30 in. 11x14 in.

results

Major advantages of P&S over DSLR are, small size & quick snapshots

Mid-range Point & Shoot

10+ mp 25x40 in. 13x17 in

These are basically point & shoot cameras with these differences:

They are easier to use like DSLRs

They have a manual capability that is usable

They do not have interchangeable lenses, but do have great zoom lenses


you ave a ong e ep o o ens, mage s a za on s wor .


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P&S Zoom Lenses Most P&S cameras identif lenses as 3X 4X

9X.

These ratings are somewhat meaningless.

A better comparison is the 35 mm equivalentUltra Wide - 10-20 - Architecture

Wide An le - 24-35 - Landsca es

The X is arrived at by dividing the maximum35 mm equivalent by the minimum, e.g. a 35 to135 mm zoom lens would be 4X while a 35 to

300mm would be 9X.

Normal - 45-55 (50mm is our eye)

Medium Tele - 85-135 - Portraits

Telephoto - 150-300 - AnimalsSu er Tele - 400-600 Small Birds

Be sure to ask what the 35 mm equivalentwould be.

Optical versus Digital Zoom Some CameraManufacturers advertise a combined optical and

g ta oom, w c s m s ea ng. Optical Zoom is a factor of the lens. This is what counts

when purchasing a Camera.

Digital Zoom is simply blowing up the image in thecamera after the icture is taken.



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Memory Cards

SD Secure Di ital small size reliable andhigh capacity, supported by a wide variety of

digital cameras. Has a lock tab on the card.

SDHC (Secure Digital High Capacity)- look. ,

greater storage capacity

MiniSD: About half the size of an SD card.Often used in small digital cameras.

CompactFlash - Larger and square shaped.Wide range of capacities and speeds.

Cards such as Sandisks Extreme III provide fast

your computer.

The faster the card, the more expensive it is.



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Single Lens Reflex Cameras Amateur or Professional DSLR

Compatibility with existing Lenses - Interchangeable lenses (This is the big advantage ofDSLRS so invest in a set that you can live with a long time. You will probably changebodies several times but will be locked in to your lens investment).

Expandability

Lens selection Canon and Nikon have the largest selection of quality lenses

- ,

Canon & Nikon are the market leaders and either will give you satisfaction. Sony is coming onstrong with its purchase of Konica and Minolta

.telephoto, e.g. 35 to 135 mm or 24 to 200 mm.

Buying a Kit (Camera Body plus lens) is not always the best decision as the lens may be of lowquality and you may have to replace it later.



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Single Lens Reflex Cameras Image Sensor Size (full frame or

croppe

Full Frame = 1.0x Wide Angle,high quality, and low noiseadvantage

APS-H = 1.3x

APS-C = 1.6x Telephotoadvantage

Resolution? 6 25 m

Large, bright LCD screen 2.5-3

Frame Rate how fast can the camerashoot? 2 10 fps

Resolution needed for print sizes

Resolution

(megapixels)

Avg. quality Best quality

.5 mp 3x5 in. N/A

Weather and dust resistance

Cost $1000 - $8000

2 mp 8x10 in. 3x5 in.

4 mp 11x14 in. 5x7 in.

6 mp 16x20 in. 8x10 in.

8 mp 20x30 in. 11x14 in.


10+ mp 25x40 in. 13x17 in


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Resolution

Resolution has two meanin s

Ability to resolve pairs of fine lines(an indicator of sharpness)

Number of pixels a camera cancapture

(2816 x 2112 pixels = 6 mega pixelcamera)

Camera costs rise with moreixels More Pixels means larger image

files

Larger Image files require more2112

ompu er s orage space


2816


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Image Stabilization

The longer the exposure time, the longer you have to holdthe camera still to avoid blur.

.

Image Stabilization (Canon - IS) orVibration Reduction (Nikon -

VR) can enable sharper shots when you handhold camera.ea es mage y as sp nn ng gyroscope, w c

compensates for vibration.

Can be implemented in either the Camera or the lens.

In Camera o ers sta i ization no matter w at ens you ave attac e In lens tailors required amount of stabilization to the specific lens.

Can gain two stops hand held.



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Picking a Camera

Check Camera review sites www.photo.net

www.dpreview.com

http://www.luminous-landscape.com/reviews/

www.steves-digicams.com

www.digitalreview.ca/

Cameras have model changes approx every 18 months. Price is high for

new models



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DSLR Accessories (Add to cost)

r po

Ball Head

Remote Release Cable

Image Stabilized Lenses Flash Equipment

Flash diffuser

Power Pack

Camera Ba



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Processing software

- .

Recommended Lightroom PC/MAC - Adobe.com($299) - Recommended

Photoshop Elements ($99) - Adobe.com - Recommended

ACDC Pro ($130)

g tzone . - g tcra ts.com

Paint Shop Pro ($80) - corel.com

Gimp (free) gimp.org

Goo les Picasa free - icasa. oo le.com



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Speciality Software

Di ital Asset Mana ement - Desi ned to hel or anize our ictures.

Lightroom - $299 (adobe.com) ACDC Pro - $130 (acdsystems.com)

ThumbsPlus - $50 & Thumbsplus Pro - $90 (cerious.com)

Extensis Portfilio $200 (extensis.com)

Slide show programs - most image editing programs offer slide showcapa es. ros ow o - an ros ow ro ucer , arededicated to slide shows. (www.photodex.com)

Plu -ins - a lu -in is a mini- ro ram that adds functions to a lar er

photo-editing program such as Photoshop and Photoshop Elements.Check out:http://www.adobe.com/cfusion/marketplace/index.cfm?MARKETPLACEID=2&OFFERINGTYPEID=5&EVENT=market lace.cate ories&c


ount=2


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RAW versus JPEGWith JPEG the Photo Lab is

Photo Lab

.

set inside the Camera.

Film Camera Digital Camera

Darkroom PhotoShop

With RAW You are getting 100%

of the unprocessed raw data that

the Camera can produce

The Photographer is in full control of the processPrint

JPEG

Advantages

Smaller File sizes

Can shoot faster (Good for Action Photography

Great for snapshots

Disadvantages

RAW

Advantages

Give 100% of image data Camera has captured

16 bit Pixel depth

Processing can take place in Photoshop/other image software.

This processing offers after image choices as to how the

Only 8 bit Pixel depth

Must manage processing in Camera at time of shot

(Exposure, Tone Curve, White Balance)

Some of the RAW image data is lost as image is processed,

therefore you do not have a negative master of your

image.

image will look

Can correct some photographer errors such as poor exposure

Great for Artistic types (Ansel Adams would have loved it

Disadvantages

Must Process in Photoshop/other image software

Large File Sizes


ou pa a o o money or a mage processor a s u

into your camera


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Color Models

-

R+B=M

B+G=C

=

C Ink + Y Ink = G

Y Ink + M Ink = R

M Ink + C Ink = B

C+Y+M = Brown

K = black Ink added

BlueGreen YellowMagenta

REDK

JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 17JKM 12/3/2008 17


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Commission Internationale de lEclairage (CIE)

Gamut

is like a

How many crayons

are in your Camerasbox?

JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 18JKM 12/3/2008 18


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Camera Controls File Format & Color Space

-

How do you select jpeg or RAW format?

How do you set jpeg quality (size)?

Can you select both JPEG & RAW?

o or pace o e or s

How to you select Color Space?

RGB Color

Model

additive

How many crayons

are in the box?

Graph of human


eye Color Space


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Shooting - Auto Mode - All P&S Cameras have Auto Mode. .

on your camera.

Hold Camera as if ou were a tri od minimize camera shake

Frame the Image Compose in view finder

Zoom the Lens Zoom in and out to bring subject closer or further away

uto- ocus press s u er u on a way own

Are you too close?

Is it too dark to focus

Auto-exposure Camera adjusts aperture & shutter for correct amount of light ontothe sensor

Auto-flash Flash will automatically fire in low light situations. What is the indication

t at as w re e ye e uct on Auto-White balance adjusts for color of light, e.g. sunny day, cloudy day, florescent

lamp, tungsten lamp


ress s u er u on u y own o a e p o o


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Shooting - Program Mode

, .

Most P&S Cameras have a Program Mode that allows user some abilityto control image.

amera st ma es most o t e ec s ons ut usua y a ows:

Setting ISO, i.e. the Sensitivity of the sensor to light, allowing

shoots in low light situations White Balance - adjusts for color of light, e.g. sunny day, cloudy

day, florescent lamp, tungsten lamp

Control of Flash



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Camera Controls Program Mode

How do you turn flash on? Off?

How do you set White Balance?

Take some photos indoors



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Scene Modes Most P&S Cameras have a Scene Mode thatallows user some ability to control image. What Scene modes do you have?

Portrait Blurs back round to brinout subject.

Landscape Shows detail inforeground & background

Portrait - Blur

backgroundg a e p c ures n ow g

Sports increased shutter speed tofreeze action

-

Other Scenes

Sunsets

Foliage

Aperture Slow

Shutter Speed

Snow Beach

Fireworks

Sports, kids

moving around -

Fast Shutter S eed



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Camera Controls Scene Modes

a cene o es oes your amera

have? What are the differences

How do you select them?

Take some photos indoors



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Managing images on your camera

images? Can you Digitally zoom in/out on

Can you display multiple images?

Can ou Jum ima es?

How do you erase an image?

Play back some images

Delete some images



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Downloading images to a computer

User Manual Connect through a memory card reader which plugs into a USB Port

sua y w at ever so tware you ave can e set up to automat ca y

open to extract images whenever you insert a memory card.

Download some images to your computer.



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Getting Prints from your Images

Retail Service

Walmart, CVS, Ritz Camera, etc.

Cosco Recommended

Online Services

Flickr does not print images, however they will forward your prints to Snapfish

Snapfish will send your prints for local pickup:

Walgreens

CVS

Walmart

Mpix - http://mpix.com/ Recommended

Your own printer

Epson has been major player in photo printer marketplace for over ten Years.

HP and Canon have been major players in Business printer market.


an anon ave mprove ec no ogy on g en pr n ers o ca c up w pson.


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Formatting Memory Card

If you format your card by mistake, the images are still one car . orma ng on y e m na es e rec ory

Computer recovery software can scan the card and recovermost mages

Caution when throwing away a memory card, you should

be aware there may be images on it.



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Aperature Priority

-

You specify aperture, or f-stop; camera selects theshutter speed needed to produce a good exposure.

Control over aperture is important as settingaffects depth of field, or distance over which

.

If youre shooting portrait, for example, you canselect an aperture that keeps the subject sharp

w e urr ng e ac groun . This mode typically is Av



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Shutter Priority

-

you select shutter speed; camera selects apertureneeded to expose the picture properly.

Since shutter speed determines whether movingobjects appear blurry or frozen in place, gaining

important if you shoot action pictures.

Shutter-priority mode is usually labeled S or

Tv (time value) on the cameras exposuredial.



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Exposure Compensation

o os a en n per ure or u er

Speed Priority have exposure

Camera doesnt always get it right

Most cameras ave ExposureCompensation that allows manual

v r-r r x urvalue by a + or - factor



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,shooting is cumbersome at best.

anua exposure:

You specify both aperture and shutter.

Most cameras display an exposure meter

will be properly exposed



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Shutter Release Mode Shutter-release mode: Man cameras offer choice of shutter-

release modes, which controls what happens when you press the

shutterbutton. Common modes include: One-shot or single mode: Camera records one image every time you

full de ress the shutter button. In other words this is normalphotography mode.

Continuous or burst mode: Press and hold shutter button down torecord continuous series of images at a rapid pace. The camera keeps

recording pictures until you let up on the shutter button.

Self-timer mode: Press and release the shutter button, and image iscaptured several seconds later. (This is the mode you use when youwant to put yourself in the picture.)

Remote-control mode: Some cameras enable you to trigger the shutterbutton with a remote control unit; if so, this mode sets up the camerafor that option.

Option that controls the shutter-release mode varies; it may benamed Drive mode, Release mode, or Shooting mode.



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SLR Camera Firing Sequence Set A erture f/sto and

Shutter Speed

Press Shutter Button HalfWaylens

a erture

prism

screen

finder

Press Shutter Button full

down

Mirror pops up

light

path

sensor

mirror

shutter



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SLR Camera Firing Sequence Set A erture f/sto and

Shutter Speed

Press Shutter Button HalfWaylens

a erture

prism

screen

finder

Press Shutter Button full

down

Mirror pops up

light

path

sensor

mirror

Shutter

two curtains

Rear Curtain opens

Front curtain opens

Exposure begins

ear curta n c oses

Exposure ends

Front curtain closes

Mirror dro s down



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Before taking a shot, ask yourself:

What do you want viewers eyes to see?

Is anything in the scene moving?

What is in the background of the shot?

Are you close enough?

What is the main source of light?

Should I move to another position?

Should I shoot Portrait or Landscape?

How will the eye travel through this image?


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