dr. chatterton's second report

8/10/2019 Dr. Chatterton's second report

1/26

CNC

forensic

toxicclogy

services

Stotemeni

of:

Occupollon

of

trVllness:

Relotlng

lo:

I declore

lhot:

06 June 2014

This

slotement

consisting

of

26

poges

eoch

signed

by me, is hue to

the besi

of my

knowledge

ond

belief

ond I

moko it

knowing thot

if it

is lendered

in svidence

I

shsll

be

liqble 1o

proseculion

if I hove wilfully

itoted

in it

onything

which

I

know

to

be

folse

or

do

not believe to

be true.

WITNESS

STATEMENT

DT

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHANERTON

B.Sc,

M.Sc,

CChem, MRSC

Consultont

Forensic

Toxicologist

Reference:

CNCFIS

28-l

2b

SignotureG

4--

ft

Signolure:

-

-

Poge

1

of

26


2/26

Coniinuotion of

the

Slotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHAIERTON

B.Sc,

M.Sc,

CChem,

tutRSC

Ref

erence: CNCFIS

2B-1

2b

QUALIFICATIONS

The Univenity

of

Liverpool

oworded

me the

degrees

of

Bochelor

of

Science

{Hons),

Moster

of

Science

ond

Docior

in Philosophy

(Chemistryi.

I

om o

Choriered Chemist

(CChem)

ond

o

Member

of the Royol

Society

of

Chemisiry

{MRSC).

I

om

olso o member

of

the following

socieiies: The

Society

of

Forensic

Toxicologists

(SOFI);

Jhe

lnternotionol

Associotion

of Forensic

Toxicologists

(TlAFl');

The

Socieiy

of

Hoir Testing

(SOHT);

The

Uniied Kingdom

ond

lrelond

Associotion

of Forensic

Toxicologists

{UKIAFI);

The

Alberto

Society

for

Humon

Toxicology

(AsHT).

Frorn

Morch

2001

uniil October

2OO9

I wos employed by

the Forensic

Science

Service os o

forensic

toxicologist,

ihot

is,

I

wos

responsible

for the

onolysis

ond interpretotion of biologicol

somples

{including

hoir) for

the

presence

of

olcohol, drugs

of

obuse

ond o

wide ronge of

medicinol/phormoceuticol

drugs. During

ihis

time

I

wos

opproved

os

on

Authorised

Anolyst

by

the

Home

Secrelory.

ln

oddition, I

wos registered

with,

ond on ossessor

for

the Council

of

Registered Forensic

Proctiiionen

(CRFP)

untilihis orgonisoiion

ceosed

business

in

2009.

As

o

senior

reporting otficer

within

the Forensic

Science

Service,

I

wos fully troined ond

responsible for

the onolysis ond

subsequent interpretoiion

of

biologicol somples

(including

hoir)

for

the

presence

of

olcohol,

drugs

of

obuse

ond

o

wide ronge of

medicinol/phormoceuticol

drugs, using knowledge

derived

from

the

study

of

the

medicol/scientific

literoiure ond

experience

derived

from

cose work.

Poge 2

ot 26


3/26

Continuotion

of

lhe

Stotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG NICHOIAS CHAilERTON

B.Sc,

M.Sc,

CChem,

MRSC

Reference:

CNCFIS 28-12b

From

2004 to 2006

I

held

the

position

within

the

Forensic

Science

Service

of

Service Delivery

Teom

Leoder

for

the notionoi

Rood

Trotfic

Alcohol

{RTA)

ond

Drug-Driving

Unit

{DDU),

where I

monoged

o lorge

number of stotf

to

process

ond

deliver in

excess

of

15,000

cose

somples

per

yeor.

I

retumed

to

forensic

toxicology

cosework

in

December

2006 ond

continued to report

{ond

peer

review)

o

full

rqnge

of

cose-types including

criminol

toxicology,

rood

troffic

offences

(including

olcohol

technicol

(hip-flosk)

defence),

HM

Coroners'

cosework

ond

privote

ioxicology

cosework. This work

included

reporting,

interpreting

ond

peer

reviewing the

onolysis

of

hoir

somples.

I

hove

presented

ospecis

of

my

work

internotionolly

(society

of

Forensic

Toxicologists)

ond to

locol

police

forces

throughout

the

United

Kingdom.

I

hove

given

orol

testimony

in

mony

courfs

throughout

the

Uniled

Kingdom

ond hove

given

television

ond

medio inierviews

in relotion

io my work

ond involvement

in

mojor

investigotions.

including

the

Shonnon Motthews

ond

John

Worboys' investigotions.

where

I

wos

the

senior

scientist

responsible

for

the

toxicology

ospects

of

these

coses.

ln

October

2OO9 I left

the

Forensic

Science Service

in order to

toke

up the

position

of

Consultoni

Toxicologist

/

Business

Development

Monoger

(UK

ond lrelond)

for

Eurofins

Forensic

Services. I

wos

oppointed os

on

Extemol

Exominer

for

Bournemouth

University

in

2Ol0

{BSc

(Hons)

Forensic

ond

Biologicol

Sciences).

I estoblished

my own

forensic

toxicology

business

(CNC

Forensic

Toxicology

Services Ltd) in

September

2010.

ln

July

20]

I I

wos

oppoinied

Deputy

Chief Toxicologist,

Office of

The

Chief Medicol

Exominer,

Edmonton,

Albertol

Signoture:

-

Poge

3 of

26


4/26

Continuolion

of

the

Stotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHAIERTON

B.Sc,

iA.Sc,

CChem,

iARSC

Ref

erence:

CN CFfS 28-1

2b

REQUEST

I

hove

been

instrucled

by Lockyer

Compbell

Posner.

Bonisters

ond

Soliciiors,

to

commenl

on

reports

prepored

by

Douglos

E

ROLLINS,

Dr

Gideon

KOREN,

Joey

GARERI

ond

Totyono

KARASKOV

in response

io

testimony

thot

I

provided

on

the

5m

Morch

2013 regording

the cose

of R

v

Tomoro

BROOMFIELD.

I

fint responded

io

this request

with

o

reporl

doted

I

orh

Morch

2014.

Moteriols

provided

to

me

for

my

comment

included

documents

comporing

Motherisk

ELISA results

with

GC-MS

ond

LC-

MS

results

on

the some

somples.

Two

documents

were

provided

io

me

os if

they

were

s

seporote

series

of doto.

I

hove

since

been

informed

thot

this

wos

on

error.

This

reporl

incorporotes

the new

informotion

ond

reploces

my

repori

of lOrn

Morch

20]4.

DOCUMENTATION

PROVIDED

I hove

been

provided

with

snd/or

hod

occess

to

the

following

dgcumentotion:

'

Letter/report

from

Dr

Gideon

KOREN

(Director,

The

Molherisk

progrom)

doted Jonuory

il. 201 3

Supplementory

report

from

Joey

GARERI

doted

June

l7,2O1g

Letter/reporJ

from

Dr

Douglos

E

RoLLtNs

doted september

zs,2013

Supplementory

letter

(drofted

by

Joey

GARERI)

from

Totyono

KARASKOV

doied

Jonuory

9,2014

Dr

ROLLINS'

Cuniculun

Vifoe

a

a

Signoiure:

Poge

4

of

26


5/26

I

a

a

a

Continuotion

of

the

Stoiement

of:

Dr

CRAIG NICHOIAS

CHATTERTON

B.Sc,

M.Sc,

CChem,

MRSC

Reference:

CNCFfS

28-1

2b

Copy

of

emoil

communicotion

between

Rondy

SCHWARTT

(Crown

Counsel)

ond Dr

Gideon KOREN

Journol

Clinicol

Phormocology.,

I 992;

32:

671-675

Clinicol

Pediotrics.,

2007

;

46(3):

27

2-27

S

Proficiency

testing

doto

Anolyticol

doto

showing

o comporison

of

ELISA

ond GC-MS results

for

cocoine

ond

benzoylecgonine

Jun-Aug

20

I 0

Anolyticol

doto

comporing

The

Motherisk

Drug

Testing

Loborotory

{MDTL)

ELISA

results

ond the

Americon-bosed

US

Drug

Tesiing

Loborotory

(USDTL)

LC-MS

results ond

two

chorfs

plotting

the

doto

,FUNDAMENIAL

POINTS RELAIING

"TO

THIS CASE

1 .

Lqborsiory

Accredltotlon

$"

Dr

ROLLINS

ond

Mr

GARERI stote

thot

The

Motherisk

Loborotory

is occredifed

os o biomedic-ol

loborotory.

The

Moiherisk

Loboroiory

hos

occreditoiion

for biomedicol

ond

dioonostic

tesiing.

As

I

hove

stoted,

fhe

circumstonces

of

Ms

BROOMFIELD's

cose,

in

my

opinion,

required

the

use

of o

forensic

onolyticol

investigofion

ond

hence o

forensic

loborotory.

The

Motherisk

Loborotory

is not

o

forensic

toxicology

loborotory.

tt

is

not

occredited

occording

to

lhe

ISO

17025

stondord,

os

recommended

by

the Society

of Hoir

Tesiing

for

the

purpose

of forensic

onoiysis.

Signoiure:

.G

Poge

5 of

26


6/26

Continuotion

of lhe

Sloiement

of:

Dr

CRAIG NICHOIAS

CHATIERTON

B.Sc,

M.Sc,

CChem,

MRSC

Ref erence:

CNC FIS

28-1

2b

2. The

Cholce ol

Anolysls

ln

o

clinicol workploce,

such

os Motherisk,

immunoosoy

tesiing/onolysis

con

help

o

physicion

to

quickly

discover

ond

ideniify

the

presence

of o drug

type

(or

fomily)

thot moy

hove

coused on ocute

episode or

illness.

As

Dr ROLLINS

himself

slotes,

gos

(or

liquid)

chromotogrophylrnoss

spectrometry

is

the

gold

siondord

omong forensic

toxicology

loborotories

for

confirmotion

ond

quontitotive

onoiysis;

however,

Motherisk's immunoossoy

results

were

not re-onolysed

using

gos

chromotogro

phy/moss

spectrometry.

Presumptive tesis

of

Molique's

gostric

ospirote

(ond

urinei

hod

eorlier

reveoled

the

presence

of

cocoine

in

Molique's

body qnd

he undoubtedly required emergency medicol treotment.

Dr

KOREN

ond

Mr GARERI

report

thot

Molique's

cose

presented

itself

os

o

clinicol

{or

biomedicol)

cose.

This is unfortunote

ond

led

to bod

decisions in

forensic

lerms

including

o

foilure

to reloin

o somple for

GC-MS

testing

ond/or

independent

third

porty

iesting.

Poge 6 of

26


7/26


8/26

Continuotion

of the

Stolemeni

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHATTERTON

B.Sc,

M.Sc, CChem,

MRSC

Ref

erence:

C

NCFIS

28-1

2b

As

I hove

soid,

I

do not

ogree

thot this

wos

ever

o biomedicol

cose

but

whot

Mr GARERI

stoies

is

confirmotion

ihot

Molique's

cose wos

processed

os

o

clinicol

or

biomedicol

investigotion;

ond not in o

monner

oppropriote

for o forensic

or criminol

investigotion.

3. Motherlsk

ond

proflclency

tesllng

Dr

KOREN

stoies

in

his

report,'MDTL

has

porticipaled

in this

process

since

its inception,

and

our

resu/fs

hove

been

consrsfenf/y

in

ogreemenl wilh

the

Round

Robin

consensus.,

He

further

stotes:

'The

facl

lhot

our

FUSA

resulfs

are

similor to

fhose

achieved

by

GC-MS

oddresses

this

guesiion.'

Mr

GARERI

discusses

Motherisk

Loborolory's

performonce

in

proficiency

testing

when

comporing

immunoossoy

performonce with

moss

spectrometry

results.

Mr

GARERI

stotes

ihot,

'...our

own

proficiency

lesflng

history

t,sl

thal

our

cocoine

ond

benzoytecgonine

irnmunoossays

hove

produce[d]

comporoble

resu/fs

fo fhose

in

{S-bosed

/obs.'

ln

this woy,

Dr

KOREN

ond

Mr

GARERI ossert

thoi

the

foct

thot

Motherisk

did not

use

GC-MS is

inelevont

becouse

their

ELISA

results

ore equolly

relioble.

Signoture:

Poge

8

of

26


9/26

Continuotion

of

the

Stoiemenl

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NIcHotAs

CHATTERTON

B.Sc,

M.Sc,

CChem,

ndRsc

Reference:

CNCF|S

2B-1

2b

o)

Molherlsk's

ELrsA

Resufh

vs.

other

Loborotortes

ELrsA

Resurh

I

hove

exomined

the

proficiency

testing

resulis

for

cocoine

ond

benzoyrecgonine

for

ihe

Motherisk

Loborotory'

ond

other porticipoting

loborotories

(Appendix

l).

Jhere

is

consideroble

ond

significont

voriotion

in

the

reported

quoniiiotive

results.

This

estoblishes

the

limitotions

of

ELISA

from

o

quontiiotive

perspective:

For

exomple:

somple

D

is

reported

by

the

vorious

porticipoling

isborotories

to

contoin

cocoine

ol

o

concenirotion

ronging

from

ll.l0

nglmg

to

g6.95

nglmg.

The

Motherisk

result

wos

opproximotely

l1

%

lowerthon

the

porticipont

meon

(overoge).

The

some

somple

D

is

reporfed

by

the

vorious

porticipoting

loborotorios

to

contoin

BE

ot

o

concenrrotion

ronging

from

5.20

ng/mg

to

5g.21

nglris.

The

Motherisk

resun

wos

opproximotely

70

7o

lower

ihon

lhe

porticipont

meon

ond

ress

than

io%of

rhe

highesi

recorded

volue.

somple

E is

reporled

by

the

vorious

porficipoting

loboroiories

to

contoin

cocoine

ol

o

concenrrotion

ronging

from 0.44

nglmg

ro

2.91

ng/mg.

The Moiherisk

resurt wos

opproximotely

14%

higherlhon

lhe

porticipont

meon.

Signoture:

-

Poge

9

of

26


10/26

Continuoiion

of

the

Stotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHATTERTON

B.Sc,

AA.Sc,

CChem,

MRSC

Reference:

CN

CF|S

2B-1

2b

The some

somple

E

is reporled

by

the

vorious

porticipoting

loborotories

to

contoin

BE ot

o concenirotion

ronging

from

0.34

ng/mg

to

S.g3

ng/mg,

The

Motherisk

result wos

opproximotely

67

%

lower

thon

the

porticipont

meon.

Somple

A

is

reported

by ihe

vorious

porticipoting

loborotories

to

conioin

cocoine

of

o

concentroiion ronging from

3.70

ng/mg

to

lg.3

ng/mg.

The

Motherisk

resull

wos

opproximotely

5% higherthon

the

porticipont

meon,

'

The

some

somple

A

is reported

by

the

vorious

porticipoting

loborotories

to

contoin

BE

ot

o

concentrotion

ronging

from

I

.20

nglmg

to

6.59

ng/mg.

The

Molherisk

result

wss

the

lowest

recorded

omongst

the

porticipoling

group;

lt

wos

60% iower

thon

the

porticipont

meon.

These

ore

oll

substontiol

voriotions,

lf

treoted

on

o

somple-by-somple

bosis,

these

voriations

in

cocoine

ond

BE

concentroiion

would,

depending

on whiih

figure

is

used.

result

in

significontly

oltered

interpretotions

with

regord

to

the exposure

to,

or

use/obuse

of

cocoine.

ln

my opinion,

Motherisk's

results,

when

compored

to the

results

of

the

other

loborotories,

demonstrote

consideroble

voriotion;

the

cocoine

results

spon

q

ronge

o,f2|%,i.e.,

-l

j%to

+14

%

ol

lhe meon

reported

by

porticipoting loboroiories.

There

is

on

oddiiionol

problem

thot lhe

'meon'

(or

overoge)

is

not itself

o

figure

of

reliobility.

lt could

be

thot

in

one

cose

o

Gc-Ms

result

would

hove

estoblished

thot

the lowest

ELISA

result

wos

closest

to

the

conect

GC-MS

result;

in

onother

cose,

ii

could

be

thot

the

highest

ELISA

result

wos

closest

to

being

the

conect

GC-MS

resulf

ond

with

oll

other

possibiliiies

in

between.

-

Poge

'10

of

26


11/26

Continuotion

of

the

Stotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS CHATTERIOI{

B.Sc,

ill.Sc,

CChem,

MRSC

Ref

erence

:

CNCFfS

28-1

2b

The

3E

results

ore

porticulorly

concerning

os Moiherisk's

resulis

ronge

from

being

the lowest

recorded, being

between

60%

ond 70%lower

thon

the

meon.

Dr ROLLINS

confirms

thot

immunoossoy

is not ideol

for the

generotion

of

quontitotive

results;

thot the

method

con

be used io

produce

'semi-euontitoiive

resulis

if o

stondord

curve

is

produced

wiih

the

doto'.

b)

Motherlsk's

ELISA

Rerulh

vs.

US Drug

Testlng

Loborotory

GC-MS

Resutls

-

A

euolliollve

Perspecllve

Motherisk

hos

provided

o

toble thot

compores

Motherisk's

ELISA

results

for

cocoine

ond

benzoylecgonine

with

the

US

Drug Testing

Loborotory's

GC-MS results

for

ihe some

somples

for

the

period June

to

August 2010

(Appendix

ll).

The differences

between

the

individuol

results

ore

olorming.

This

comporison

wos,

therefore,

done

five

yeors

ofter

the

onolysis

of Molique's

hoir

somple.

Dr

KOREN

stotes:

'Between

2005

ond now,

we

did not

hove

o

cose of

o

fo/se

posifive

or fo/se

positive

resull

of

cocoine

or

BZE.'

This is inconect.

ln foct,

onolysis

of

ihe

comporison

doto,

which

detoils

the

results

of

163

seporote onolyses,

shows

thot

there

is

a

3.6%

folse

positive

rote

for

cocoine

ond

BZE

combined

{6

seporote

onolyses)

ond

o

21

%

folse

negotive

rote

{35

seporofe

onolyses).

Poge

l1

of

26


12/26

Continuotion

of

the

Siotemeni

of:

Dr

CRATG

NtcHoLAS

cnaniniON

B.Sc,

M.Sc.

CChem,

MRSC

eference:

CNCF|S

2g_1

2b

Foilowing

ore

four

seporote

exomples

of

folse

positive

results

where

Motherisk

loborotory

ELI'A

esting

reported

positive

for

the

presence

of

cocoine,

but

GG-MS

onolysis

did

not

delectocoine'

The

fotowing

tobre

summories

these

controry

resurts:

Following

ore

two

seporote

exornples

of

folse

oositive

results

where

Motherisk

roborotory

ELrsA

esling

reported

positive

for

ihe

presence

of

benzoyrecgonine.

but

GG-MS

onorysis

did

not

etect

benzoyrecgonine.

The

forowing

tobre

summories

lhese

controry

resurts:

USDn

GC-i,tS

vr.

Mothertrk

EuSA

(BXt),

June,o

Augud

20tO

Signoture:

-

USDTT

GC.l,tS

vs,

Molherbk

EUSA

(cocotne),

Junc

to

Augujt

2OlO

1 16316

e-

Poge

12

of26


13/26

"

services

Continuotion

of

the

Slotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHATTERTON

B.Sc,

Arl.Sc,

CChem. iIRSCReference:

CNCFIS

28-1

2b

Following

ore fifteen

seporote

exomples

of folse

negotive

results

where

cocoine

wos

unequivocolly ideniified

by

GC-MS

onolysis,

but

the

Motherisk

loboroiory

ELISA iesting

enoneously

reporled

the

results

os

negotive.

The

following

loble

summorises

these controry

results:

USDII

GC-MS

w, Molherlck

ELISA

(cocolne),

Junc

l,o Augurl20l0

Sampl

No.

Cocolna

GC-JttS

Cocolna

EUSA

I

l53l lo

0.26

N

I

I

6370o

o.26

N

I

I

6300

0.33

N

lld23lo

0,34

N

I

16222

0.34

N

1l623lb

0.4t

N

1 r

6260b

0,

N

I I 6305

0.43

N

I

I

6260c

o.44

N

I

|6322

o.47

N

t

1 6299

0.66 N

1 16324

0.80

N

I

16324-Re

2.49

N

I I 6323

9.45

N

i

6323_Re

t8.zl

N

Signolure:

-

Poge

13

of 26


14/26


15/26

Continuotion of

the

Siotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHATTERTOI.I B.Sc,IVl.Sc,

CChem,

MRSC

Reference:

CNCilS

28-1

2b

c)

Motherlsk's

EHSA

Results

vs. US Drug

Tesllng Loborolory

GC.MS

ond

LC-MS

Results

-

A

Quonlllollve

Perspectlve

Dr KOREN

stotes: 'Ihere

wos

nol

o

single

cose

in

which

o

high

level

of

cocoine or BZE in

our

lob, similar

lo fhose meosured

in Malique's hoir, wos

negotive

or low in

fhe

US

Drug

Testing

lob.'

This is

olso

inconeci.

.

GC-MS

Results. June

lo

Auqust 20.l0

A

review

of

the

doto

comporing

the GC-MS

results

of the

US

Drug Testing

Loborotory with

Motherisk's

ELISA

resulis

for June

io

August

2010

(Appendix

ll),

in

oddiiion

to reveoling

folse

positive

ond

folse negotives, olso reveols

significontly

different

results from

o

quontitotive

perspective.

When

compored directly, the

GC-MS

guontitotive

results

for

cocoine

concentrotions

ore,

on overoge,

61%

lower

thon the ELISA

quoniitotive

doto

for

cocoine

concentrotions,

i.e.,

ihe

ELISA

results

thot

Motherisk

reports for

cocoine

ore erroneously high.

There

ore eleven

coses

where

the Motherisk

Loborolory

hos

reported

ELISA

cocoine

results

with

o

quoniitolive

volue

of

10.00.

The

conesponding

USDTL

GC-MS results

for

these

eleven

coses ronge

from

o cocoine

concentrotion

of

.l.03

to o cocoine

concentroiion

of

24.14.

This

demonstrotes

thot

ihe

quontitoiive

ELISA results

reported

by

the

Motherisk

loborotory

connot

be considered

os occurote,

precise,

reproducible

or relioble.

Signoture:

Poge 15 of

26


16/26

I

I

I

I

Continuotion

of

ihe

Siolemenf

of:

Dr

CRATG

N|CHOLAS_CHATTERTON

B.Sc,

M.Sc,

CChem,

MRSC

Reference:

CNCFIS

B-i

2b

The

following

ioble

summorises

these

conirory

results:

USDil

GC.MS

vr.

Molherlck

EIISA

tcocolns),

June

lo

Augurt

2OlO

Somple

No.

CocolnG

GC.A,tS

Cocolnc

EIJSA

|

17094

r.03

10.00

I

17097

l.0s

t0.00

I 17140

1.21

10.00

| 1747

5

2.77

10.00

1

17081

B

2.89

r

0.00

I

I

7090

4,34

r0.00

llzo8l

A

5.63

10.00

t17t

l8

14.26

10.00

| 17120

t

6.04

10.00

I

t7096

18.37 10.00

1

17139

24.1t

10.00

I

'

LC-MS

Results,200g

to

2OtO

I

hove

olso

been

provided

with

o

furfher

series

of

results

comporing

Moiherisk

ELISA

ond

usDTL

Lc-Ms

resulls

iogefher

with

two

chsrls plotting

o

selection

of

these

results

{Appendix

lllJ.

Signolure:

Poge16of26


17/26

Continuotion

of the

Stolemenf

of:

Dr

CRATG

N|CHOIAS

CHATTERTON

B.Sc,

M.Sc,

CChem,

JHRSC

Reference:

CNCFIS

2g-1

Zb

First'

it

should

be

noted

thot

LC-MS

{liquid

chromotogrophy

moss

spectrometry)

is

recognised

os

being

equolly

relioble

ond

robust

os

GC-MS

(gos

chromotogrophy

moss

spectromeiry)

from

o forensic

onolyticol

perspective.

The

LC-MS

results

estoblish

thot

fhere

is

no

coneloiion between

the

quontitotive

results

obtoined

by

ihe

seporote

tesis

conducted

by

Motherisk

on

the

some

specimens.

Nine

coses

of

significont

ditferences

in

the

quontitotive

doto

reporied

by

Motherisk

ond

usDTL

in

this

toble

ore

shown

in

the

following

toble.

These

nine

coses

demonsirote,

os

in

the

cose

of

June

lo

August

2010

GC-MS

results.

thot

Motherisk's

onorysis

ogoin

enoneously

reporled

o

considerobly

higher

cocoine

concentrotion:

USDn

tC-lAS vr.

Moiherkk

EuSA

(cocolne)

Somple

No.

USDTI.

coc

tc-MS

Mothedtk.COC

EUSA

102696

l0

21.68

I

03459

3.53t

10.24

105752

6.1

04

19.t7

I 1147

t0

44.01

lo6't69

l0

42.04

105t50

2.273

'l

t.5

102783

l0

41

.57

I

03396

l0

30.1

3

n?29a

1.808

very

high

Signoture:

PogelTof26


18/26

Coniinuotion

of

the

Stotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG

N|CHOIAS

CHAIIERION

B.Sc,

M.Sc,

CChem,

nilRSC

Reference: CNCffS

28-l

2b

The

nine

exomples

on

ihe

previous

poge

for

Motherisk's

ELIsA

cocoine

results.

ore

of o similor

order

of

mognitude

os those

reporfed

in

Molique's

cose.

Accurote quontiiotive

doto

connot

be

reliobly,

consistenfly

ond

reproducibly

obtoined

by

immunoossoy

techniques.

4.

Somple

Woshlng

And

polenfiqlConlomlnofion

Ms

KARASKoV

now

odvises

thot

the hoir

somple

wos

woshed

before

it

wos

tested.

lt

musl

be

of

concern

to

o

forensic

scientist

thot

she hos

no

record

or

notes

of

this.

Her

willsfote

prepored

for

the

cose,

ond her

triol

testimony,

suggest

thot

she

did

not wosh

the somple,

The

concerns

ore

mognified

by

oiher

evidence

in

this regord

given

in

the

cose's

proceedings.

Dr

KoREN

testified

of

triol

thot

Motherisk's primory

mondote

where

children

were

concerned

wss

to

detect

the

exposure

of

children

to

cocoine,

whether

throtrgh

environment

or

octuol

ingestion,

which

minimises

the

importonce

of

woshing

ond

retoining

it

for

future

onqlysis.

He

testified

of

the

friol:

'Becouse

if

we

do

o iesl

on

o

chitd

we

genero

lty

do

not

wosh

becouse

ony exposure

of

o

child

lb

o

p/oce

fhe

child

should

nof

be

unlike

an

odult.

...if

it's

on

odutt

who

cloims

thaf

fhey

were exposed fo

[o]

crackhouse

or

they

wenf out

with

fiends,

then

we

olwoys

wosh'

So

roufinely

wifh

chitdren

we

do nof

wosh

un/ess

fhere,s

o reoson

os here

thot if

wos

woshed.'

-

Poge18of26


19/26

Continuotion

of the

Slotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHATTERTON B.Sc,

M.Sc, CChem,

MRSC

Reference:

CNCFIS

28-1

2b

lf

we

ossume

thot ihe

somple wos

woshed,

the

woshings

were

not

onolysed

or

preserved

for

onolysis.

This

is

probiemolic

for

onolysing

the

results

produced

by

the

immunoossoy

testing.

Once ogoin,

the

foilure

to

onolyse

the

woshings

likely

resulted from

Motherisk's

opprooch thot

they

were

conducting

o clinicol

or

biomedicolexominotion,

not

o forensic

exominotion.

From

o

forensic perspective,

onolysis

of

hoir

somple

woshings

is

recommended

in

oll

posiiive

coses

os

the

results

of

onolysis

con

help

the

loxicologisi

otfer on inlerpretoiion

os

to whether

the

somple

hod

been

coniominoted.

The

Society

of

Hoir

Tesiing

recommends

onolysis

of

woshings

os

one

of

four

opprooches

to

differenliote

octuol

ingestion

of

o

substonce

from

externol

contominotion

of

hoir

|,21.

These

recommendotions

were

published

in

1997 ond

2004,

before

Molique's

cose

wos

monoged

by The

Motherisk

Drug Testing

Loborotory.

It

is

widely

occepted thot

neither normol

hygienic ond

cosmetic

core

nor decontominotion

procedures

ore

sufficient

to remove

oll

drug

conlominotion.

To

ollow

for

this, workploce

drug

testing resulis

operote

with

o

cut-off

volue.

However, some

oulhors

hove

concluded

thot

cut-off

volues

connot be

used

to

eliminote

the

possibility

of

poisive

contominotion

[3].

This

conclusion

wos

olso reached

by Siout

et ol.

[4]

following

on

evoluotion

of

the dynomics

of

externol coniominotion

of

hoir

wilh

cocoine.

A negotive

result

con

rule

out

eiiher chronic

or

previous

use,

ond

con

olso

rule

out

contocl

with

drugs,

whether

thot

contoct

is through

dheci

physicol

contoct

or

through

exposure,

A

positive

result

should

olwoys

be

interpreted with

extreme

coution

becouse

of

ihe

severol

possibilities

thot

moy hove coused

it.

Signoture:

-_

Pogel9ot26


20/26

-

iervices

Continuotion

of ihe

Stolement of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHATTERTOITI

B.Sc,

M.Sc,

CChem,IARsc

Reference:

CNCF|S

28-1

2b

Dr

KOREN

stotes

thot,

'/n

Ig92

we

showed

lhat

in

hair

contominoted

by

crackcocoine

smoke

from

the

oulside

-

we

cou/d

complelely

wosh

if.'

Dr

KoREN

refers

io

o

woshing procedure

reporled

by

Boumgortner

ond

Be*o

{.l989)

which

uiilises

o l5

minute

ethonol

wosh

prior

io

rodioimmunoossoy

onolysis.

This

is nol

the

methodology

described

by

Ms

KARASKoV

for

the

woshing

procedure

she

used

in

lhis

cose

ond

i

hove been

unoble

to

find

ony

publicoiion

which

documents

Ms

KARASKOV's

opprooch.

The

woshing

procedure

she

described

wos

only

on oqueous

wosh;

it

did

not

include

the

use

of

on

orgonic

solveni.

The

Society

of

Hair Testing

recommends

thot

boih

on oqueous

ond

on

orgonic

wosh

should

be

undertoken

prior

to

onolysis.

Woshing

of

hoir

somples

hos

two

moin

purposes.

First,

to

remove

hoir

core

products,

sweot,

sebum

or

surfoce

moteriol

(e.g.,

skin

cells,

heod

lice,

body

fluids,

etc.)

thot

moy

interfere

with

the

onolysis

or

thot

moy

reduce

exiroction

recovery.

Second,

to

remove

poteniiol

externol

contominotion

of

drugs

from the

environment.

lf

is

occepted

thol

orgonic

solvent

such

os

methylene chloride

or

ocetone

wili

rernove

only

surfoce

contorninotion

whereos

ogueous

solutions

{or

methonol)

will

swell

the

hoir

ond

extrocl

drugs

from

within

the

hoir

motrix.

[S]

s

Presumptive

tests

of

Molique's

gostric

ospirote (ond

urine)

reveoled

the

presence

of

cocoine.

Since

the

woshings

of Molique's

hoir somple

were

nol

onolysed,

Mr

GARERI

wos

bound

to

ogree

thot

vomit

moy

hove

contributed

to

the

positive

findings.

The

onolysis

of

woshings

should

hove

been

seen

os

on

essentiol

step

in

o

proper

forensic

exominotion.

Forensic

science

protocols

ore

designed

to

proteci

ogoinst

ihe

very

issues

now

being

considered.

Signoiure:

-

Poge

20

of

26


21/26

Continuoiion

of lhe

Stotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG

ilIICHOLAS

CHATTERTON

B.Sc,

irl.Sc,

CChem,

MRSC

Reference:

CNCF|S

28-1

2b

NOTE:

Dr

KOREN

dismissed

my suggestion

thot

benzoylecgonine

con

be fgrmed

jn

sifu

by

spontoneous

hydroiysis

of

cocoine,

os

inelevont

ond

not

supportive

of

my opinion.

He

orgued

thot

the

journol

fo

which

I

refened

hod

nothing

io

do

with

Molique's

situotion

ond

thot the

doto

within ihot

study

rnode

no

reference

os

to

wheiher

the

individuols

were

possively

or

octively

exposed.

I disogree.

There

ore

numerous

references

in

the

scientific

literoture

which

support

my

opinion.

ln

the

next

porogroph

I

provide

the

informotion

which

esloblishes

thot

benzoylecgonine

con

be

formed

in

sifu

by sponloneous

hydrolysis

of

cocoine.

ln rny

opinion,

these

studies

ore relevont

to

this

porticulor

cose os

they

report

on

child

subjects

who

hod

been

exposed

to

o cocoine,

contoining

(or

cocoine-rich)

anvironmenl.

Anolysis

of doto

produced

by two

seporote

siudies

[6j

exomining

chiidren (1

to

13

yeors)

ond

spouses

of

cocoine

users

showed

thoi

severol

children

of

cocoine

users

hod

both

cocoine

ond

benzoylecgonine

in

iheir

hoir in

vorying

quontities

compored

with

the

odult users.

These

omounts

were

voriously

less

thon, equol

to,

ond

greoter

lhon

thot

of

the

drug-using

porent.

There

wos

no

cul-off

level

thot

could

distinguish

belween

the odult

usem

ond ihe

young

children

living

in

thot

environment.

These

siudies

demonsirote

thot

certoin

mefobolites.

such

os

benzoylecgonine,

moy

not

be on indicotor

of drug use.

Signoture:'-

Poge

21

o't26


22/26

Coniinuotion

of

lhe

Stotement

of;

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHATTERION

B.Sc,

M.Sc,

CChem,

MRSC

Reference:

CNCF|S

28-1 Zb

The

presence

of

benzoylecgonine

in the

environment

ond

therefore

in hoir

hos

been

reporled

previously

[7]'

Benzoylecgonine

con

olso

be

produced

by the

degrodotion

of the

cocoine

in

ihe

hoir,

once

the

cocoine

hos

been

incorporoted

[3].

5. Extroordlnorlly

Hlgh/lnconslslent

Reodlngs

/

Alternollve

Explonollon

for

Test

Results

ln

my

opinion

lhe

quontitotive

cocoine

resulis,

if

occeoted

os

occurote,

were

such

thot

they

leod

to

o

reosonoble

inference

thot

they

were

coused

by

something

other

thon

use/ingestion.

Direct

contoct

between

cocoine-coniominoied

gqstric

conients

ond

o

hoir

somple

will

likely

result

in

exlernol

contominotion.

ln

Molique's

cose

this

could

exploin

the

presence

of

cocoine

ond

benzoyiecgonine

olong

the

entire

hoir

shoft.

ond

olso

occouni

for

ihe

mossive

concentrotions.

ll is

not

sofe

to

ossume

thot

the

pre-onolysis

woshing

procedure

(if

they

were

conied

out os

described

by

Ms

KARASKOV)

would

remove

oll

surfoce

contominonf.

Recent

sludies

confirm

thot

woshing

procedures

ore

nol

lao%

etficient.

1

Signoture:

(.?,

.--

Page

22

of 26


23/26

Sffi*:

.{\

loxlcology

erytces

Continuotion

of the

Stotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHAfiERTON

B.Sc,

M.Sc,

CChem,

MRSC

Reference:

CNCFIS

2B-1

2b

As Dr

ROLLINS

repoirs.

he

hos

little experience

in

meosuring

cocoine

in

children's

hoin

he

stotes

thot

Dr KOREN

is

the world's

leoding

expert'

in meosuring

drug

concentrotions

in

children's

hoir

ond

hos contributed

most

of

the

scieniific

orticles

in

this oreo.

lt

is therefore

conceming

thot

Dr

KOREN

occepts

the

onolyticol

results

while

noting

(in

on

emoil

communicotion

to

Mr

SCHWARTZ,

Morch 23,2013)

thot ihe

onolyticol

technique

used

in

this

cose

is inferior.

ln

the emoil

he

slotes:

'Every

high

school

sludeni

knows

today

thol

GC-MS

or

Tandem

MS

ore

supenor

to

immunoossoy

in

ierms

of

specificity,'

The

dolo which

hos

been

provided

comporing

ELISA

to

GC-MS results

does

not

provide

sotisfociory

ossuronce

with

regord

to

the

guontitotive

determinolion

of

cocoine

or

benzoylecgonine

by

Motherisk's

ELISA

iechnology.

lnsteod,

the

doto

demonstrotes

thot

Motherisk's

quontitoiive

ELISA

results

ond

those

obtoined

by

ihe

robusi,

gold-stondord

GC-MS

ond LC-MS

techniques

do

noi

conelote.

Dr

ROLLINS

ogrees

fhot

the

concentrotions

of

cocoine

ond benzoylecgonine

for

Molique

-

o

child

less

thon 3

yeors

of

oge

-

ore

high,

ond

exceed

whot

one would

expeci

for

on

odult

cocoine user,

but

believes

this

is

noi

sufficient

reoson

to

question

their

occurocy

or

volidity.

Concerning

the

drug concenlrotions,

Mr

GARERI

testified:

'fhese

are

very

unusuolresu/fs

for

o

small

child lo

hove....'.

He

furlher

testified

thoi '.....ihrs

chi/d's

/owesf

result

in any

of

the iime

penods

wcrs

sti//

greoter

thon

50

percent

of

the

odull

cocoine

users

thot

we

lest

in

our

loborofory......'

Mr

GARERI

also

testifie

d,

'ln terms

of iooking

of

this

os

on onolyticol

foxico/ogis

t

given

this

fo

inferpref,

I

soy

thot

lhere

is in

fhs

situofion

rs exlrernely

high nsk

of

dealh

in

this

child

due lo fhe

potency

of

the

drug

in

quesiion

ond the extremely

high

levelof

exposure.'

Poge

23

of 26


24/26

Continuotion

of

the

Stotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHATfERION

B.Sc,

itll.Sc,

CChem,

MRSC

Ref

erence:

CNCFIS

2B-1 2b

It

is

difficult

to

comprehend how

o

child

of

just

over

2

yeors

of oge

could,

over

o

period

of

severol months,

ingest

{knowingly

or othen,rise)

such omounts

of cocoine

without

suffering

repeoted

ond

obvious

outword etfects ond

likely deoth.

I understond thot Molique hod

doily

conioct wilh

professionol

coregivers

for os much

os

9 months

of the

lS-months

in

question

(which

included

the

monlhs thot

Molherisk

reporied the

highest concentrotions),

but, I om

told,

thot there

wos

not

o single

reporl

of

such

effects.

This

is

remorkoble

qnd

in itself

provides

sufficient

reoson

to

quesiion

the occurocy

ond

volidity

of

the

results.

MY

CONCTUSTONS

ln my

opinion,

o

proper

forensic investigotion

wos

not

underioken

for

ihe

following

reosons:

I

)

The

loborotory

which

undertook

the

onolysis wos

not

o forensic

toxicology ioborotory.

2)

The loborotory

which

undertook

the

onolysis

wss

not

bccredited

to

the

ISO 17025

stondord,

os

recommended

by

the Society

of

Hoir

Testing

for

forensic

onolysis of hoir

somples.

3)

The

onoiyticol

guidelines

were

noi followed,

nor

were

the

internotionol

slondords

concerning

presumptive positive

immunoossoy results

i.e.,

gos

chromotogrophy/moss

spectrometry

(GC-MS)

opplied

to obtoin

o

confirmed,

quontitotive

onolyticol

result.

There

is

historic evidence

of

bolh

folse

positive

ond

folse negotive

results

using the

Motherisk

ELISA

methodology.

Poge 24

ol 25


25/26

SF.*.

,a

.'

L

torenstc

toxicology

servlces

Continuotion

of

the

Stotement

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

C}IAfiERTON

B.Sc,

iA.Sc,

CChem,

MRSC

Reference:

CNCF|S

28-1

2b

The

onolylicol method

of

choice

wos inopproprioie;

the 'gold

stondord'

technique

wos

not used.

Motherisk

ELISA

onolyticol

results vory

considerobly

(quontifotively)

from

the

quontitotive

results

obtoined

during GC

or

LC-MS

onolysis

of the

some

specimen.

5)

lnlernotionol

guidelines

were

not

followed

concerning

pre-onolysis

woshing

procedures.

Furthermore,

the

woshings

in

this

cose were

not

onolysed

(nor

retoined)

to

invesiigote/deiermine

whether

the

hoir

contoined

ony

surfoce

contominont.

6)

The

record

ond note

toking

of

the

work

undertoken

by

Motherisk

iechnicions

wos

inodequote.

No

contemporoneous

notes

ore

ovoiloble

for inspection.

7)

No

somple of

hoir

wos

retoined

for

GC-MS

exominolion

or

forindependent

onolysis,

It connot

be

detennined

to

o

reosonoble

degree

of scientific

cerlointy

whether

Molique

BROOMFIELD

hod ingested

(or

been

exposed toJ

cocoine

over

on

extended

time

period,

bosed

on

the

results

of the immunoossoy

onolysis

conducted

by Motherisk

Loborotory.

,,nnotrr",

Poge

25 of

26


26/26

Continuation

of

the

Stoternenf

of:

Dr

CRAIG

NICHOLAS

CHATTERTOil

B.Sc,

M.Sc, CChem,

MRSC

Ref

erence:

CN

C

FIS

2B-1

2b

REFERENCES

'L

Society of

Hoir

Testing,

Forensic

Sci.

lnt.,

84,3-6,

1?97.

2.

Society

of Hoir

Tesiing,

Recommendoiions

for hoir

testing

in forensic

coses,

Forensic

Scl.

lnt., 145,83-84,

2004.

3.

Romono,

G.,

Borbero, N., ond

Lombordo,

1., Hoir

testing

for

drugs

of

obuse:

evoluotion

of

externol

cocoine contominoiion

ond risk

of

foise

positives.

Forensic

Sci.

/nt., 123,119-

129,2001.

4. Stout, P.R.,

Ropero-Milter,

J.D., Boylor,

M.R.,

ond Mitchell,

J.M., Externol

contominotion

of hoir with cocoine: Evoluoiion of

externol cocoine conlominotion

ond development

of

performonce-testing

moteriols,

J.

Anol.

foxicol.,

30,

490-500,2006.

5.

Cooper, G.A.A..

Kronstrond, R.. ond Kintz. P,

Socieiy

of Hoir Testing

guidelines

for

drug

testing in

hoir,

Forensic Sci.

/nt

,

218,2A-24,2012.

6. Smith,

F.P

ond

Kidwell,

D.A.,

Cocoine

in

hoir.

solivo.

skin, swobs.

ond

urine

of cocoine

users'

children,

Forensic

Sci. lnt..

83,179-189,1996.

7.

Jonzen,

K.,

Conceming norcocoine, ethylbenzoylecgonine,

ond

the

idenlificotion of

cocoine

use in

humon

hoir,

J.

Anol, Toxicol.,

16,

402,

l?92.

Poge

26 ot 26

dr. chatterton's second report

Documents