Image

Placeholder Image

PlaceholderImage

Placeholder

Dr. S. Julio Friedmann

Dep. Asst. Sect., Clean Coal & Carbon Mgmt, Office of Fossil Energy, US DOE

The next decade of CCS projects and technologyGlobal CCS Institute Annual MeetingNovember 5th, Abu Dhabi, UAE

This is a time of fossil energy abundance

2

Once in a generation opportunity to build

In coal, oil and gasSupports economic growth

Creates jobs and wealth

US Energy Picture: Abundant Coal, Gas, and Oil

CCS/CCUS is the key technology for this era of fossil energy

abundance

4

Nuclear8%

Power generation efficiency 3%Renewables

21%End-use fuel switching

12%CCS

14%End-use fuel & elec. efficiency42%

CCS

“All of the above” required

CCS/CCUS is the key technology for this era of fossil energy abundance

5

Technical findings (2008-present) IPCC WG1 report: must read policy summary! Continued GHG accumulations Challenges will all energy scale-ups

Policy drivers President’s Climate Action Plan EPA: NSPS (draft) and ESPS (pending)

Global economic context Investors speak Global coal increase

A $6B climate mitigation program at DOE

Large integrated projects world-wide matter for deployment

19

72

19

82

19

86

19

96

20

00

20

04

20

08

20

10

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

20

17

20

18

20

19

20

20

20

220

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Operate Execute DefineEvaluate Cum. Volume

Num

ber

of

Pro

ject

sVolu

me C

O2 (m

tpa)

Data from Global CCS Institute

Port Arthur, TX: : 1.1 M tons/y CO2Air Products, 2013

VSA Vessels

VSA Vessels

Co-Gen Unit

Blowers

CO2 Compressor & TEG Unit

CO2 Surge Tanks

Existing SMR

Operational! 1.4M tons stored so far

Kemper County, MS: 2.7M tons/y CO2Southern Co., 2013

(Anticipated start late 2014 or early 2015)

Decatur, ILADM 2013

300,000 tons/y today; Over 900,000 tons to date

1 M tons/y shortly

CO2 Pipe to Injection Well

Final class VI permit

Skyonic “Skymine” project, San Antonio, TXOperational !!

75,000 tons/y CO2 captured - >200,000 tons avoided

Boundary Dam, : 1.1M tons/y CO2Saskpower, Saskatchewan

Operational last week

W.A. Parrish, TX: 1.4M tons/y CO2NRG/PetraNova project

Broke Ground Sept. 5th! Operational in 2016

Counterfacing projects under CCWG/S&ED

Includes three large-scale CCS-EOR projects

Projects involve UKY, WVU, UWYOOther recent developments:• New projects: Sinopec, CNPC, & Yanchang• Pending CO2 pipeline deals• Central govt. invitations to US independents

Must go farther and faster

Advanced CO2 capture technologiesMany pathways to success

Novel Solvents New concepts

Solid sorbentsAdvanced membranes

Pathway for Technology CommercializationTRL 2 Successes

from FWP, SBIR/STTR, ARPA-E

Transfer to Office of Major Demonstrations

Scope of Capture Program

“Valley of Death” for Technologies

We need more 2nd generation pilots!

Pre-combustion Capture Center

Pilot Solvent Test Unit (PSTU)

0.5 Mwe (10 tpd CO2)

National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC)

Goal Test technologies under realistic conditions to reduce the cost of CO2 capture

Advantages• National resource to validate

performance and operations • Consistent testing procedures and

data • Very good safety and

environmental record • Platform for international

partnership and sharing

Status• New 5 year commitment to

operator (Southern Company)• >20 technologies tested• 100’s of technologies screened

Longer than expected: EOR volumes estimates have grown• Many 10’s of billions producible

(just US)• 100’s of billions worldwide• Provide revenues: break even

for capital retrofit costs in 7-8 years!

• Conventional EOR uses 2-3 tons CO2 /bbl

Bill

ion

Bar

rels

88.1

47.4

2.30

20

40

60

80

100

TechnicallyRecoverable

EconomicallyRecoverable*

AlreadyProduced/

Proven

Domestic Oil Resources

ARI, 2008

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

ons

Total U.S.CO2 Demand

NewLower-48

CO2 Demand

Net Lower-48From CapturedCO2 Emissions

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,00012,500

9,700

7,500

2,800* 2,200**

Market CO2 demand

>25B tons storage potential from conventional EORThat’s ½ the US coal fleet for ~20 years

Longer than expected: Residual oil zones

• 2x-3x recovery potential and storage potential (12-18 Gt in ROZ vs. 6.4 for main pay zones, PB)

• Possibility for carbon-negative HC

Main Pay Zone (MPZ)

Transition Zone (TZ)

Residual Oil Zone (ROZ)

Base of Ultimate OWC

Base of Producing OWC

4900

4950

4800

4850

5000

5050

5400

5350

5300

5250

5200

5150

5100

5450

OWC

100 0Oil Saturation %

“State of the Art” “Next Generation”

(millions) (millions)

CO2 Storage (tonnes) 19 109

Storage Capacity Utilization 13% 76%

Oil Recovery (barrels) 64 180

% Carbon Neutral (“Green Oil”) 80% 160%

ARI, 2008

ARI, 2008

Sources: MIT, 2010; ARI 2007 and 2010; NETL 2008

Steve Melzer’s Expert Analysis of CO2 for EOR in an Actual Texas Oilfield:

Production in Red Circle = Total Barrels of Oil from CO2

Production of “T” = Barrels from Tertiary CO2 Recovery in Main Pay Zone

“Q” = Barrels from “Quaternary” CO2 Recovery in Residual Oil Zone

20

New study shows huge potential for

ROZ fairways

Partition 1

Partition 2

Partition 3

Partition 5

Fairw

ay B

ound

ary

NW Shelf

Central Basin Platform

San Simon Channel

SeminoleW. Seminole

AdairTLOC

Cedar Lake

GMK & GMK So.

Robertson

Fairway

Boundary

Hanford

ODCRussell So.Havemeyer

N

Seminole E

S

Carm-Ann

Jenkins

Black Watch

Homann

Middle San Andres Shelf Margin

Lower San Andres Shelf Margin

Partition 4

ROZ “1”

ROZ “2”

121 wells in 4 counties, Permian Basin109 Billion OOIP (!) 20-30% est. recovery60-100B tons CO2 storage potential (ROZ)

Negative C oil is real

22

• Conventional EOR uses 6000-7000 scf CO2/barrel

• On molecular and mass-balance basis, this = 82-95% of C

• At roughly 7500-8000 scf/bbl, this is carbon neutral

• Some EOR today uses >9000 scf/bbl: NEGATIVE C

• ROZ production requires 10,000-15,000 scf/bbl: NEGATIVE C

One can claim GHG reductions either from the source (e.g., power plant) OR from the

produced oil. While both can’t be counted, one must be.

Co-produced freshwater as utilization

23

Ready to pilot! Seeking partners and possibilities

Bourcier et al., 2011

Below 80,000 TDS, costs ~50% of conv. desal.

24

Ready to pilot! Seeking partners and possibilities

Bourcier et al., 2011

Advanced manufacturing brings new materials into

being and new utility

Additive manufacturing Microfluidics Carbon Winding

Middle Fluid

Injection TubeInner Fluid

Outer Fluid

Collection Tube500 m

Additive manufacturing has arrived

Projection Microstereolithography Direct Ink Writing

Laser sintering and net shapingElectrophoretic Deposition

50% less time; up to 90% less material; small supply chains

International partnerships required

Partnerships in Commerce

– Joint ventures– International investment– “Showcase” projects

Accelerated deployment– Data sharing– International Science

Projects

Many platforms– Clean energy ministerial– APEC, G7, COP20, COP21– WEC; Boao Forum

11th CSLF MinisterialNov. 2013

Minister’s visit to Kemper projectNov. 2013

Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum: the global marquis platform for CCS partnership

CSLF: Multinational platform

– 22 countries + E.C.– 11 years in practice– Productive technical and

policy working groups

Pending actions– Data sharing– International Science

Projects

Pending meetings– 22 countries + E.C.– 11 years in practice– Productive technical and

policy working groups

MissionAn international initiative focused on improved cost-

effective technologies for the separation and capture of

carbon dioxide for its utilization and long-term safe storage

Key unit of innovation – global engines of discovery

White RosePeterhead (UK)

Uthmaniyah (KSA)

Lula (BRA)

Quest (CAN)

ESI (UAE)

Gorgon (AUS)

GreenGen (PRC)ShenliYanchang

The next decade of projects = policy infrastructure

This is why we’ve rejoined the Institute

Central secretariat– Global projects– Data gathering and sharing– Industrial and governmental

perspectives

Convening authority– Fora and meetings– International initiatives

Non-governmental agent– Neutral platform– 5 years in practice– Productive technical and

policy working groups