dr. kristen landreville mon. 9/27/10. the relationship between (1) business, profit- making, and...
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Dr. Kristen LandrevilleMon. 9/27/10
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The relationship between (1) business, profit-making, and production and (2) government, laws, and politics.
Focus of Ch. 7: History of market-based news Virtues and vices of market-based news Effects of market-based news
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Proliferation of Mega-Media 1984: 50 media corporations 1992: 23 1997: 10 Today: 5
http://www.freepress.net/ownership/chart/main
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Most of 20th Century News as the “loss” Entertainment and sports as the “gains”
FCC Rules Airwaves free News media is for-profit Must have public responsibility to quality news
1980s-1990s Deregulation Freedom of speech vs. Freedom of the market
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Syn-ergos (Greek) = Working together Non-media companies now own news Companies own the production,
distribution, and marketing News is one piece of profit Cross-promotion Recycle content
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News-for-profit and mega-media has created: Budget cuts, which cause:
Staff reductions International bureau closings Investigative reporting near non-existent Reliance on officials Reliance on punditry
“Consumer”-based journalism, which causes: Less exposure to complex political issues Less demand for political news More “news you can use” Infotainment bias
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“Finally, the infotainment bias in news exaggerates all of the information biases outlined in Ch. 2, putting the focus on personalities at the center of dramatic conflicts that become mere fragments of larger situations, and thus easier to report in terms of generic plots of authority and disorder.”
Bennett, Ch. 7, p. 219
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Nielson Media Research Ratings = Percentage of TV households
tuned into a show relative to total US TV households 111 million TV households 1.1 million per rating point
Super Bowl (40 range) vs. Network News (8 range) Super Bowl = 40 x 1.1 million = 44 million Network News = 8 x 1.1 million = 8.8 million
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Fragmented media audience No longer one massive media audience
Results from Mega-Media Programming: Hundreds of options Yet similar news-fare Competitive edge: Slanted programming
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Hundreds of options! Growth of cable Growth of magazines
More demographic-based programming People
Teen People In-Style People en Español
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1. Less alternative programming2. Corporate news censorship and self-
advertising as news3. Growth of infotainment4. News as a product5. Focus on image and branding
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Fewer independently-owned media outlets Fewer locally-owned media outlets Example
Clear Channel owns more 1,200 stations in 50 states!
Dixie Chicks and the Iraq War
Fewer public service commitments C-SPAN declines
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Protect business interests Less critical coverage
Examples: Commentary by Bob Costas on China, GE
apology Disney killed story by ABC News on Disney child
predators Promote business interests
Cross-promote Recycle content Time news stories along with movies
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Music to influence mood Scare tactics
To garner interest To promote belief
News magazines and reality TV Cheap production High profits
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News wholesalers AP Reuters World Television News (part Disney/ABC-
owned) International Television News (ITN)
Same video, different voiceover Embedded reporters Pooling reporters
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Packaging, branding, image Journalist and pundit celebrities Sell your program as a family team to trust Example: Creation of Fox News
Already full cable news market Target the anger and frustration Claim objectivity, but clearly right http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/america-live/in
dex.html#/v/4351095/its-the-electorate-stupid/?playlist_id=87651
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Match news outlet with owner In a few paragraphs, discuss your
opinions about market-based journalism.
Class Discussion
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It’s not malicious, it’s just business.
Fragmentation of media audiences 100s of outlets Smart searches Customization Exposure to your side only Believe opinion to be fact
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Format 20 multiple choice (~20 minutes) 2-3 short answer (~10 minutes)
~1 paragraph or ~1-3 sentences 1 essay (~10 minutes)
~2-3 paragraphs or ~10-15 sentences
Clarifications needed on study guide?