dr mike farley director of technology policy liaison

A CLEAN FUTURE FOR COAL FIRED POWER Dr Mike FarleyDirector of Technology Policy Liaison

BCURA Coal Science Lecture Royal Institution, 13 October 2008

Outline of the 2008 BCURA Coal Science Lecture

• Why coal-fired power generation will play a vital role to 2050 and beyond, in the UK and globally.

• The status of coal-fired power-plant technologies, including carbon dioxide capture and storage, which can make coal-fired power very much cleaner, with near-zero emissions.

• The role of the UK industry and research-base in the clean-coal revolution at home and overseas.

• UK and EU policies and actions as governments seek to meet their sometimes conflicting objectives of security-of-supplies, reduction of emissions and affordable energy.

• The lecture will present the case for more coal and less gas in the generation mix, and for cleaner coal, with mandatory carbon capture–ready (CCR) power plant. The case for multiple CCS demonstrations in the UK will be presented.

• And answer the criticisms levelled at those who plan new coal power plant

Viewpoint of Doosan Babcock

• The lecture will be presented from the particular point of view of Doosan Babcock, as a UK-based global supplier of coal-fired power plant

• Doosan Babcock has a history of 117 years in power generation – It was at the forefront of the development of pulverised coal-firing and its technology is

used in about one third of the UK coal-fired fleet, including at Drax – the largest and still the newest (first unit commissioned in 1974) coal-fired power station in the country.

• The company has played a major part in improving existing coal power plant – supplying the flue gas desulphurisation system for Drax, over 3000 Low NOx burners,

boosted overfire air NOx reduction for more than 10GW of power plant and now Selective Catalytic Reduction to meet LCPD NOx levels for 2016

• The total company reference list is now 162,000 MW (40,000 MW supercritical !). – Supercritical boilers were first supplied to European customers in the mid 80’s and then to

China from 2001 • Advanced supercritical boilers which give an overall plant efficiency of 46% LHV are

now being offered with full guarantees– with the first order being that from Dong Energy for the Griefsvald Power Plant in Germany

(2x800 MW). Such plant have CO2 emissions 23% below the UK average

Company update

• Doosan Babcock Energy Limited is a subsidiary of Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction of South Korea, part of the Doosan Group, and a market leader in gas, coal, nuclear power generation and desalination

• The company will offer Pre and Post combustion and Oxyfuel carbon capture technologies

• Doosan Babcock Energy has been designated the Doosan global Centre of Excellence and R+D Centre for Boilers (including Clean coal and Carbon dioxide capture)

Nuclear Thermal Turbine & Generator

Desalination Casting & Forging Construction

Science and Technology base for Doosan Babcock’s global business

• Worldwide References

• Subcritical 122,000 MWe

• Supercritical 40,000 MWe

• TOTAL 162,000 MWe

Science and Technology base for Doosan Babcock’s business

• Much of the company’s business has resulted from technological developments in anticipation of government requirements and this strategy has been reinforced since Doosan’s acquisition of the company in 2006.

• Doosan Babcock’s business and planning outlook is very dependant on government policies

• We seek to use our experience of introducing new technologies to help the government and its agencies to accelerate the introduction of clean coal technology including CCS as part of a balanced energy portfolio

• “Coal Science” is essential to our business but science alone is not enough, it needs to be followed up with policies and actions by governments and investment in technology, capacity and skills by industry

Key capabilities maintained and expansion underway – Doosan Babcock

Changshu 3 x 600 MW supercritical boilers

Rebuild 800 MW supercritical Nikola Tesla

Trimble County B 750 MW supercritical boiler for EON USA

Doosan Changwonworks, Korea

Doosan Babcock has retained its skills through

•export sales of new boilers,

•construction of plant for others

•boiler services/upgrade work in the UK

•manufacturing capacity in UK, recently enhanced through link to our parent company

•continued investment in R+D

But there are bottlenecks and we are already expanding both capacity and manpower!

We need a basis against which to plan our future investment!!!

Contents of the 2008 Coal Science Lecture

• Outline• Viewpoint of Doosan Babcock• Importance of Clean Coal• Status of Clean Coal technologies and Carbon Dioxide Capture and

Storage (CCS)• Current R+D and industrial activities• Future R+D and Demonstration needs• EU and UK policies relating to Clean Coal• Ambitions for clean fossil fuel power plant with CCS – role of Capture-

ready (CCR) plants• Call for Action to accelerate Clean Coal and CCS

Importance of Clean Coal power generation

Need to use coal to • Meet energy needs globally• Balance variability of renewable electricity generation• Avoid overdependence on gas

Clean coal is a lower cost low-carbon option• Clean Coal sets a global example

World Primary Energy Demand(Source: IEA – World Energy Outlook 2004)

Fossil fuels account for almost 90% of the growth in energy demand between now and 2030

Oil

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear powerHydro power

Other renewables

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Mto

e

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Mto

e

Use of coal will continue to grow and is necessary to met the energy needs of developing countries and to secure supplies of developed countries

200 years of proven reserves

Coal is sourced from many stable countries around the world and is key to security of supplies

Coal-fired generation growth in China & India

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Thou

sand

s

TWh

2005 WEO Reference Scenario

actual

“high growth” state plans

China

India

New coal power plants being built in China and India faster than 2005 IEA scenario, alongside huge investment in renewables and nuclear

New Build Coal Power Plant Orders (>200MW)

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year ordered

MW

e

ChinaIndiaEuropeUSAROW

• Coal fired power plants being built around the world

– Germany, Poland ,Italy, Belgium, Holland, Spain….

– South Africa, South America, Indonesia, Thailand

– USA

Sources: VdN, UCTE

Flexible fossil power needed to provide instant power to balanceintermittency of renewables and variations in demand

(GW)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

6

Time (h)

Con

sum

ptio

n(G

W)

Other Power

Germany,

March 18th, 2007

20

40

60

0

10

30

50

70

Wind Power

Best Case Scenario

for Wind generation in a day

12 18 240

Sources: VdN, UCTE


(GW)

Time (h)

Con

sum

ptio

n(G

W)

Wind Power

Other Power

Germany,

April 13th, 2007

Average day for Wind generation

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

6 12 18 240

20

40

60

0

10

30

50

70

Sources: VdN, UCTE


(GW)

Time (h)

Con

sum

ptio

n(G

W)

Wind Power

Other Power

Germany,

June 11th, 2007Worst case scenario

for Wind generation in a day

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

6 12 18 240

20

40

60

0

10

30

50

70

Flexible fossil power needed to provide instant power to balance intermittency of renewables and variations in demand

New coal vital to avoid overdependence on gas

* Assuming an illustrative peak capacity margin of 20%

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

2025

Meg

a W

att

Existingcapacity

Impliedcapacitydemand

22GW

8 years

• If all of the gap is filled by gas then dependence goes up to 75% during a cold still spell of maximum demand in winter!• New coal vital to avoid overdependence on gas

CO2 Emissions - IEA 2008 Energy Technology Perspectives

6.434%9262005

42%2661BAU2050

23%626ACT Scenario

2050

23%313BLUEScenario

2050

Coal powerGt CO2/yr

Power sectorGt CO2/yr

Total global emissionsGt CO2/yr

• BAU = business as usual• ACT Scenario - returns emissions to 2005 levels by 2050• BLUE Scenario - cuts emissions to 50% of 2005 level by 2050

Fossil fuel power generation needs to be much cleaner to meet CO2 targets

Coal + CCS is a lower cost low-carbon option

• Recent evidence to the House of Commons Select Committee on Environmental Audit Committee by EON UK, a major developer of windfarms (onshore and offshore), gas-fired power stations and the proposer of the Kingsnorth clean coal project, quoted the following relative costs-of-electricity generation (£/MWh):

107.0107.0107.0Offshore Wind

75.075.075.0Onshore Wind

38.638.638.6Nuclear

70.769.267.7Coal + CCS

70.856.441.7Coal

59.351.844.3CCGT (gas)

Including Cost of Carbon Allowances €40/te

Including Cost of Carbon Allowances €20/te

Excluding cost of Carbon Allowances

£/MWh

Coal + CCS less expensive than WIND!

But more expensive than unabated gas!

A Phased Approach to CO2 Reduction – 2005 slide

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

Old Sub-crit

Mod Sub-crit

Supercrit

Adv Supercrit

AD700ASC+20%biomass

CCSIGCC

old CCGT

Modern CCGT

BAT CCGT

+CCS

Pulverised coal

IGCC-coal

CCGT-gas

CCS

g/kWh

---------------------------------Coal Generation ------------------------------------- ---------Gas Generation ------

Phased Approach to CO2 Reduction – now

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

Old Sub-crit

Mod Sub-crit

Supercrit

Adv Supercrit

AD700ASC+20%biomass

CCSIGCC

old CCGT

Modern CCGT

BAT CCGT

+CCS

Pulverised coal

IGCC-coal

CCGT-gas

CCS

g/kWh ---------------------------------Coal Generation ------------------------------------- ---------Gas Generation ------

Now

Now


• Outline• Viewpoint of Doosan Babcock• Importance of Clean Coal• Status of Clean Coal Technologies and Carbon Dioxide Capture and



Clean Coal Technologies available now

• Higher efficiency / lower emissions than current coal, better than LCPD standards

• Lower cost electricity than gas or renewables

• Suitable for UK or imported coal

• Suitable for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) - 90% capture

• ASC Pulverised Coal offers Capture-Ready Retrofit options

• IGCC offers Hydrogen options

• 95% of current orders are for Pulverised Coal

Advanced Supercritical Pulverised CoalBoiler/Steam Turbine

400-1000MW

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle

250-900MW

Advanced Supercritical Boiler

750MW ASC Doosan Babcock boiler – Trimble County E.ON USA

Burners, typically 50 x 40MW

Air firing:

Coal +O2 +4N2

Air firing:

CO2 +4N2 FGD

Flue

Clean Coal Power Plant

Advanced Supercritical Pulverised Coal Boiler

/Steam Turbine350-1000MW

• Best Available Technology now 46/47% efficient (290 bar/600C/610C), cf 35%

• Advantages are proven Availability (>95%), Load Flexibility (20-100%) and wide fuel range (inc Biomass cofiring up to 20%)

• Matches any other coal technology for emissions, easily meets LCPD limits

• Can be built now, designed to be “capture ready” and fitted with economical CO2 capture when CCS is possible

• Technology of choice for vast majority of new build orders

Clean Coal Power Plant

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle

250-900MW

• New technology for New-Build claimed attractive because of potential for hydrogen generation and CO2 capture

• Total of 4 units in operation worldwide on coal and some plans for further plants

• Challenges have been poor availability, high cost, lack of flexibility, lack of EPC guarantees

• Latest designs attempt to improve availability with consequences on cost and efficiency

• Main challenge for CCS is the GT (has to fire natural gas, syn gas and hydrogen in turn)

• IGCC projects are being developed in UK, Europe and USA, some with CCS, but few are certain to go ahead. Futuregen on hold.

1960 1980 2000 2020

35

40

45

50

55

30

Supercritical Boilers

Sub Critical Boilers

Plant efficiency

% NCV

Year

Target AD700

50 – 55%

Doosan BabcockASC

46%

Meri PoriHemweg

New Chinese Orders

42%

Chinese fleet 38%

OlderPlants

Increasing Efficiency

Lower CO2

emissions

38%

32%

UK

fleet

Abatement of CO2 by efficiency improvement of Pulverised Coal Plant

(-23%)

(-29%)

Best Available Advanced Supercritical Technology being supplied now

EON are seeking tenders for 50+ project at Wilhelmshaven

Main Steam 281bar 602 °C

Reheat Steam 605 °C

International traded Bituminous Coal with 3 specified guarantee coals plus 100% oil firing

Boiler Efficiency (100% load 95%

O2 at economiser outlet 2.84%

Boiler HP steam flow 578.65 kg/s

Pressure drop (bar)HP 27RH 2.4

SCR inlet NOx (worst coal) <450mg/Nm3

SCR outlet NOx (all coals) 200mg/Nm3

CO at econ outlet <200mg/Nm3

800MW 46 % efficiency advanced supercritical boiler

• Natural Circulation

• Once Through

• Supercritical

• PosiflowTM

Continuous innovation of two pass boilers – proven operation

SCALE OF METRES

0 5 10 15 20 25

22187.4 FURNACE WIDTH

+20830 BURNER

+17808HOPPER KNUCKLE

+0.0m (GRADE)

+7600

+25461 BURNER

+30093 BURNER

+34724 AFTER AIR

+38700

+48590

+54600

+70600 ROOF TUBES

+77550PENTHOUSE ROOF

MAIN STEAMOUTLET

REHEATEROUTLET

+75570

+76570+76170

+73100+72450

SCRAPER CHAINCONVEYOR (SCC)

+17000 TOF

REHEATER

PRIMARYSUPERHEATER

+50520

ECONOMISER

ECONOMISER

+49520

+44620+44620

SEPERATORVESSEL

FINALSUPERHEATER

REHEATEROUTLET

PLATENSUPERHEATER

THERMOPROBE

TO STORAGEVESSEL

A A

B

B15747.4

+81000 TOS

4300

10000 11200 12800 11000

5322.3

6555 6555

S/B S/B

S/B S/B S/B

+47360 TOF

+69500 TOF

REHEATERINLET

B B

B

S/B S/B

S/B S/B

S/B S/B S/B

S/B S/BS/B S/B S/B

F/B F/B

SCALE OF METRES

0 5 10 15 20 25

22187.4 FURNACE WIDTH

+20830 BURNER

+17808HOPPER KNUCKLE

+0.0m (GRADE)

+7600

+25461 BURNER

+30093 BURNER

+34724 AFTER AIR

+38700

+48590

+54600

+70600 ROOF TUBES

+77550PENTHOUSE ROOF

MAIN STEAMOUTLET

REHEATEROUTLET

+75570

+76570+76170

+73100+72450

SCRAPER CHAINCONVEYOR (SCC)

+17000 TOF

REHEATER

PRIMARYSUPERHEATER

+50520

ECONOMISER

ECONOMISER

+49520

+44620+44620

SEPERATORVESSEL

FINALSUPERHEATER

REHEATEROUTLET

PLATENSUPERHEATER

THERMOPROBE

TO STORAGEVESSEL

A A

B

B15747.4

+81000 TOS

4300

10000 11200 12800 11000

5322.3

6555 6555

S/B S/B

S/B S/B S/B

+47360 TOF

+69500 TOF

REHEATERINLET

B B

B

S/B S/B

S/B S/B

S/B S/B S/B

S/B S/BS/B S/B S/B

F/B F/B

45000

10000 11050 12150 11800

3964

+19000 BURNER LVL

+24000 BURNER LVL

+29000 BURNER LVL

+32500 AFTER AIR LVL

+16000 HOPPER KNUCKLE

+0.0m (GRADE)

+45350 TRANSITION HDR

+67000 ROOF TUBES

+73950 PENTHOUSE ROOF

+51000

FURNACE DEPTH15027

Vertical tubes w hereheat flux is low er

Transition m ixingheader

Burner region

Dry out zone

Zone of h ighestheat flux

W elded strap to support tubes

Spiral hopper tubes

Evaporation com pletein furnace tubes

Spiral furnace tubes

High flu id velocity givesHigh frictional dP and Negative flow characteristic

Vertical tubes w hereheat flux is low er

Transition m ixingheader

Burner region

Dry out zone

Zone of h ighestheat flux

W elded strap to support tubes

Spiral hopper tubes

Evaporation com pletein furnace tubes

Spiral furnace tubes

High flu id velocity givesHigh frictional dP and Negative flow characteristic

Transition mixingheaders not required

Self-supporting tubes

Low mass flux

Positive flowcharacteristic

Ribbed tube in zone of highest heat flux

Simplified ash hopper tubing

Corners easierto form

Burner zone

Low dP

Low dT betweentubes & lower designallowance

Transition mixingheaders not required

Self-supporting tubes

Low mass flux

Positive flowcharacteristic

Ribbed tube in zone of highest heat flux

Simplified ash hopper tubing

Corners easierto form

Burner zone

Low dP

Low dT betweentubes & lower designallowance

Boiler types

Doosan Babcock Two- pass boiler

Competitor’sTower boiler

+30%

egTrimble County for EON USA

Emissions reduction of new clean coal power plants vs existing

Emissions based on kg per MWh

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

CO2 NOx SO2 Dust

NOx, SOx and dust reduced by more than 80%

CO2 reduced by 20% now, and 90% when full CCS fitted

30

CO2 capture and storage (CCS)

Power plant

CO2Purification

Storageinfrastructure

CO2Compression

Transportinfrastructure

• Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery

• Depleted oil/gas fields

• Saline aquifers

• CO2 stream cleaning

• Onshore pipeline

• Offshore pipeline

• Ships

• Rail/road tankers

• Several technologies

– Pre-combustion– Post-combustion– Oxyfuel

Power production & CO2 capture


• Outline• Viewpoint of Doosan Babcock• Importance of Clean Coal• Status of Clean Coal Technologies

– Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS)• Current R+D and industrial activities• Future R+D and Demonstration needs• EU and UK policies relating to Clean Coal• Ambitions for clean fossil fuel power plant with CCS – role of Capture-


3232

CO2 capture technologies

CoalOxyfiring Pure CO2 stream production

CO2 capture technologies

O2 combustion of coal/gas

Combustion principle

CO2 capture principle

Post-combustion

Pre-combustion

Gas

Gas

Coal

Coal

Inlet gas CO2cleaning

Exhaust gas CO2scrubbing

Air combustion of H2

Air combustion of coal/gas

Slide reproduced from ETP ZEP

Power plant definition

Oxy-firing plant(Boiler-based)

Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC)

Pulverised coal plant (PC)

Integrated Reforming Combined Cycle (IRCC)

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

CO2 capture options for Near Zero emissions coal power plant

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Spec

ific

Inve

stm

ent C

ost E

uro/

kWNet Cycle Efficiencies (%LHV)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Cos

t of E

lect

ricity

Eur

oCen

t /kW

h

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Net

Effi

cien

cy %

(LH

V)

Amine Oxy Combustion IGCC

Amine Oxyfuel IGCC

Amine Oxyfuel IGCC

Cost of Electricity (Eurocents/kwh)

Specific Investment costs (Euro/kw)

Amine Oxyfuel IGCC

From joint paper with Jacobs at Powergen 2006

5 -6.2 Euro/kwhfor New build, <5 Euro/kwhfor retrofit

Three options for commercialisation by 2020 :

Numerous studies show these are similar in resulting efficiency and cost of electricity and competitive amongst low carbon technologies

No clear winner but Post Combustion Capture and/or Oxyfuel will be needed for retrofit to plants currently being built around the world (including China and India) – hence BERR choice for its competition

All three capture technologies have been proved in pilot plants but need scale up and demonstration on full-size plants

Oxyfiring Post-combustion

Pre-combustionIGCC

Large Scale CO2 Capture Plant

Post-combustion Carbon Capture– Flue Gas Scrubbing on Pulverised Coal Plant

Scale up of Post Combustion Capture for Coal power plants

Many R+D scale pilot plants using power station flue gases in operation

More than 5 pilot scale demonstrations in the 10 – 30MW range for operation by

2008 - 2012

Includes

More than 6 industrial scale demonstrations 60-250MW planned, for operation

2009 -2012

Target is “Commercialised by 2020”

HTC Searles Valley Minerals 2009 50MW CoalCSIRO - Huaneng Beijing 2009 175MW Coal

Alstom AEP Oklahoma 2011 233MW CoalAlstom NRG WA Parish 2012 125MW Coal(HTC) Sask Power 2011 CoalHTC EPCOR Genese 2010 CoalHTC & EESTech Loy Yang - 60MW CBM

Alstom We Energies Mar-08 1.7MW CoalMHI Matsushima 0.5MW CoalVarious CASTOR Dong 2006 1MW CoalITC Boundary Dam 2005 0.25MW CoalBASF RWE Niederaussem mid 2010 0.33MW Coal? RWE Aberthaw 2010 1MW Coal

Powerspan Basin Electric Beulah, ND 2012 120MW slipstream CoalMHI E.ON Germany 2010 6-25 MW CoalFluor E.ON W ilhelmshaven 2010 CoalCansolv E.ON Heyden end 2009 10MW approx CoalAlstom Karlshamn 2008 5MW e O il/gas

EON/Electrabel/HitachiEuro 2009? Coal

300 - 400 MWeUK Competition demonstration

2014-

UK project is a major step up,

2x 800MW commercial units would

be a step too far

International Test Centre (ITC) for CO2Capture - World Leader in CO2 Capture and Enhanced Oil Recovery

DoosanDoosan Babcock partnership with HTC Babcock partnership with HTC PurenergyPurenergy

ITC - Natural Gas flue gas capture Centre Coal flue gas demonstration - Test Facilities at Boundary Dam

CCS1000 Modular DesignCCS1000 Modular Design

2008 Demonstration at SV Minerals 2008 Demonstration at SV Minerals -- 50MW, includes 50MW, includes new solvent (RS1), new packing material strategy, steam reduction

Absorption Column, 14 ft-6 in ID x high 119 ft

Stripper Column, 12 ft-6 in ID x 77 ft high

In September 2008, Doosan Babcock signed an agreement with HTC Purenergy of Canada to licence the company’s technology for post-combustion capture of CO2.

Doosan Babcock will offer the technology to its customer base in the UK, Europe, the Americas and China and will take advantage of the series of demonstration projects in which HTC Purenergy are involved

Carbon Capture by Oxyfuel firing on Pulverised Coal Plant

Figure courtesy of Vattenfall

Advanced Supercritical Boiler Technology with Oxyfiring

750MW ASC Doosan Babcock boiler – Trimble County E.ON USA

Burners, typically 50 x 40MW

CO2 Recycle line

Oxy firing:

Coal +O2 + xCO2

Oxy firing:

CO2

CO2Clean and compression

FGD

from ASU

Pipeline

160KW tests at Doosan Babcock

1996

Scale up of Oxyfuel firing for coal power plants

1MWt tests at E.ON

2007- 8

0.5 MW tests at RWE npower 2008/9

100 - 250 MWefull power plant demonstration by 2012/2014

By the end of 2009 there will have been at least two industrial scale demonstrations of the full process and the DoosanBabcock full size burner demonstration which should give a high level of confidence in going to the next step

Alstom Lacq 2009 30MWth Oil?Alstom Schwartze Pumpe 2008 30MWth LigniteIHI Callide 2010 30MWeB+W B+W CEDF 2008 30MWth CoalAlstom Alstom CE 2010 15Mwth CoalDoosan Babcock Doosan Babcock 2009 40MWth Coal

Vattenfall Janschwalde 2015 250MWe Lignite Target is “Commercialised by 2020”

40 MWt full size OxyCoal burner test at DoosanBabcock

200930 MWt full chain demonstration at Schwarze Pumpe

in operation, 2008

Four large IGCCs operating on coal

Scale up of Precombustion / IGCC coal power plants

Puertoallano 335MWBuggenham 250MWTampa Polk 275MWWabash 262MW

IGCC/ Pre-combustion/IGCC projects under development

400 MW –1200MW

Target is “Commercialised by 2020”

CO2/H2separation in operation

Large shift reactors in operation

EON Killingholme 450MWe CoalPowerfuel Hatfield 900MWe CoalCentrica Teesside 800MWe Coal/Petcoke

RWE Huerth 450MWe LigniteNuon Magnum 1200MW Coal/biomass

Maritsa 650MWe Lignite

Challenges are technical,size of project necessary for economies of scale, and first of kind risks,

9F GTs in operation on H2 (with N2 dilution)

CO2 Storage - options

ca.2miles

Saline reservoir

Long term main capacity globally

Massive capacity,(1000 ->10000)

Lowest costDeep Saline Formations

Early opportunities

Limited capacity(600 -1200)

Lower costDepleted oil and gas fields

Earliest opportunities

Limited capacity

Higher cost but offset from EOR

Oil – fields with EOR

WhenCapacity (Gt)

Cost

Storage technologies are being demonstrated now at 1 Mt/y scale in USA, Canada , Norway and Algeria, totalling about 5Mt/y

42

ETP ZEP Technology BlocksW

ork

flow

Tech

nolo

gy

Not

FullyValidation status

Partially

Site closureBasin widescreening

Site maturationand testing

Baseline monitoringand verification Operation

Power plant Storageinfrastructure

Transportinfrastructure

ETP ZEP has prepared a very comprehensive review of the status of CCS technologies, the opportunities for improvement and validation status

To be released at the General Assembly

Recommended reading!

43

ETP ZEP project with McKinsey will make recommendations for selection criteria for the EU CCS Demonstration programme

Public presentation at General Assembly on 10 November 2008

Pilot Plant Constructed

Product Considered “Commercially Proven” - 100’s of MW (equivalent) deployed

First Full-Scale Plant Operational

New Ideas

Basic R&D:speculative, science ledindustry needs led

Feedback of R&D needs

Demonstration DeploymentResearch & Development

underpinning R&D to mitigate perceived technical, market & financial risks

applied R&D to address technical issues

Pilot Plant Constructed

Product Considered “Commercially Proven” - 100’s of MW (equivalent) deployed

First Full-Scale Plant Operational

New Ideas

Basic R&D:speculative, science ledindustry needs led

Feedback of R&D needs

Demonstration DeploymentResearch & Development

underpinning R&D to mitigate perceived technical, market & financial risks

applied R&D to address technical issues

Energy Innovation Chain: Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment

UK companies and their associates are involved in a wide range of R+D and seeking to move to Demonstration and plan for Deployment

R+D in UK industry

UK companies are participating in major EU, UK and international R+D projects on

• High Efficiency Boiler/Steam Turbine

• Biomass Cofiring and

• CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage

R+D in UK industry

• EU Research projects on – Efficiency ( COST 536 Materials for Advanced Plant, COMTES 700 )– Capture (ENCAP, CASTOR, CESAR, ASSOCOGS, ECOSCRUB) and – Storage

(Doosan Babcock, EON, RWE, Air Products, Alstom, BGS ….)• DTI Projects (largely complete):

Materials and fabrication for 700degC power plant

Doosan Babcock, Alstom, RWE, EON

High pressure coal gasificationProgressive Energy

Future CO2 Capture Technology Options for the Canadian Market

Doosan Babcock et al

Retrofits of Boiler/Turbines with CO2 captureDoosan Babcock et al

Retrofit of Gasifier to CCGTJacobs/EON

R+D in UK industry

• Technology Strategy Board projects underway:

– RWE - Post-combustion capture (CASSCAP) – Doosan Babcock - Oxyfuel combustion (Oxycoal1,Oxycoal2) – Alstom - High efficiency hydrogen gas turbines– Jacobs/Siemens - Integrated Gasification Steam Cycle (IGSC) – Scottish Power - CO2 Aquifer Storage (CASSEM) – Doosan Babcock - Improved Modelling of Material Properties for

Higher Efficiency Power Plant (TSB - IMMP3)– Doosan Babcock - Modelling Fireside Corrosion of Heat Exchanger

Materials in Advanced Energy Systems

What’s happening in the CATs field in UK industry?

• Devolved Administrations/RDAs–Yorkshire Forward - CCS network study for Yorkshire and

Humberside–Scottish Government - Scottish CCS Study

• International R+D

Potential Y&H CCS Network

What’s happening in the CATs field in UK industry?

• Devolved Administrations/RDAs–Yorkshire Forward - CCS network study for Yorkshire and

Humberside–Scottish Government - Scottish CCS Study

• International R+D



Storage (CCS)• Current R+D and industrial activities

– Focus on Doosan Babcock• Future R+D and Demonstration needs• EU and UK policies relating to Clean Coal• Ambitions for clean fossil fuel power plant with CCS – role of Capture-


Materials Development - 700deg power plant

The development and testing of materials suitable for boiler and furnace applications is an integral part of innovative robust plant design

Corrosion Studies• Laboratory• Pilot Scale (Air, Oxyfuel)• In-Plant

Advanced Materials• Ferritic/Martensitic Steels• Austenitic Steels• Nickel Alloys e.g. Nimonic 263

Key Interests• Creep Life • Fabricability - Bending, Welding• Corrosion - Fireside, Steamside

Creep Testing• Stress Rupture• Creep Strain• Creep Crack Growth

Component Behaviour (e.g. FEA)

Furnace Performance Prediction

• PhD project being undertaken by Leeds University, School of Process, Materials and Environmental Engineering.

• Funding from EPSRC, CASE award from Doosan Babcock.• Commenced June 2007.

• To develop a model which predicts the thermal performance of the furnace and pendant surfaces of current-day large fossil-fired utility boilers based on the underlying physical processes.

• Validate the model against plant data.• Extend the model to oxy-fuel firing.

CASE AwardLeeds UniversityCASE AwardLeeds University

ObjectivesObjectives

ApproachApproach

MotivationMotivation • Models used to predict the thermal performance of large fossil-fired utility boiler furnaces have traditionally relied on highly empirical methods, making them unsuitable for future technologies such as oxy-fuel firing.

• Develop intelligent models using Neural Networks (NN) giving accuracy and computational efficiency.

• Generate data sets for both conventional and oxy-fuel firing as input to the NN’s from CFD, purpose made radiation models and plant data where applicable.

• Better understand the underlying science of oxy-fuel firing and develop new radiation models.

Computational Fluid Dynamics - Combustion

Sensitivity Studies• Air Staging, Reburn, SNCR• Fuel Type• Fuel and Air Distribution• Fuel Fineness

The commercial FLUENT CFD code is used in the development and optimisation of burner and furnace design

Simulation of• Single Burner and Full Furnace• Multi-fuel Combustion• Air and Oxyfuel Firing

Prediction of• Flow Field, Flame Interaction• Coal Burnout, Heat Release• Pollutant Formation (NOx, CO)• Fuel and Air Mixing

Advanced CFD for detailed Coal Burner Modelling

• Fully 3-Dimensional– CAD import– Large mesh sizes (2-4 million cells)

• All significant burner features– Imparted swirl on coal particles and air– Windbox and damper entry effects

• 3D furnace effects– External recirculation patterns– Outlet induced effects

• Predictions of– Flame shape (width, stability)– Emissions (NOx, CO, CIA)– Pressure drop– Windbox air splits Coal Concentration

OxyCoalTM - Development Programme

To develop a competitive oxyfuel firing technology suitable for full plant application post-2010

– Reference Designs (2009 - 2010)

• Phase 3:– Demonstration of an Oxyfuel Combustion System

– (OxyCoal-UK Phase 2, 2007 - 2009)

• Phase 2:– Fundamentals and Underpinning Technologies(OxyCoal-UK Phase 1, 2007 -2008)

• Phase 1:

OxyCoal 1 Fundamentals and Underpinning Technologies

• Lead company

• Industrial Participants

• University Participants

• Sponsors / Sponsor Participants

• UK Government Support

€2.8 million collaborative project under the BERR Technology Programme.

OxyCoal 2 - Demonstration of OxyCoalTM combustion system

• £7.4M project• Convert Doosan Babcock’s full-scale burner test facility to

oxyfuel firing• Oxygen supply• Flue gas recycle system (fans, ducts, cooler, heater, etc.) • Instrumentation

• Design and build full-scale utility OxyCoalTM burner (40MW)

• Derived from air-firing experience, CFD modelling and Oxyfuel R+D

• Demonstrate a full-scale utility OxyCoalTM burner• Flame stability, combustion efficiency, emissions, flame

shape, and heat transfer characteristics as function of %CO2 recycle and excess oxygen

• Start-up, shut down, transition from air to oxyfuel, load change

OxyCoal 2

The substantial contributions of:

• the Prime Sponsor

• Sponsors

• University participants

are acknowledged by Doosan Babcock

61

ECO-ScrubEnhanced combustion with oxygen and scrubbing

– either no recirculation or partial recirculation of flue gas with replacement of some air by oxygen

• reduces volume of flue gas• enhances CO2 concentration of flue gas

Several potential benefits– potential for net reduction of operating cost due to increased

capture efficiency (opex)– potential for slight reduction in size of post-combustion

capture plant (capex)– reduced-cost retrofit option or potential for savings in new

plant through advanced combustion optimisation and reduced boiler size

– may also be able to reduce size of SCR plant– no issues with air in-leakage

Project42 month project funded by the European Commission under the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, co-ordinated by RWE npower in collaboration with three universities, two research institutes and three power companies from five EU member states

Pilot scale amine test facility

0.5 MWth Combustion Test Facility

Oxyfuel gas mixing equipment

RWE npower facilities at Didcot, UK

Doosan Babcock is working with RWE on a follow-on TSB project on dynamic modelling of the combined Oxyfuel/scrubbing process

Future R+D

• Support by DTI, BERR, TSB , and the Research Councils has laid a good foundation and we have now the opportunity to build on this

• Need targeted research as above but also require underpinning R+D in cross cutting areas such as coal science, modelling, environmental impact etc

• R+D in Universities also has an important role in creating the skilled people which industry needs for the future and specialist laboratory facilities – EPSRC Doctorate Training initiatives welcome

• EPSRC/EON Strategic Partnership - Call for University proposals, very timely (deadline 6 Nov ) and appropriately targeted

• ETI (autumn), TSB (next year) and BERR ETF(?) expected to call for proposals in this topic area – all will encourage involvement of the Research community in what will be industry- led projects

• Need properly coordinated support for CCS Research and Development, underpinning demonstration projects, bringing together the activities of the Research Councils, Technology Strategy Board, Carbon Trust, Energy Technology Institute and Environmental Transformation Fund

• APGTF will publish its recommendations in January 2009

Demonstration Projects - our ambitions

• Efficiency improvement for power plant– boilers, turbines

• Co-use of biomass

• Carbon dioxide capture – post-combustion, – oxyfuel– pre-combustion

• Carbon dioxide transport and storage– Pipelines, Ships,– EOR, depleted gas fields, saline aquifers,

600deg coal power plant with Post combustion capture, and several smaller scale demonstrations of competing scrubbing technologies

a 100+MWe Demonstration of an Oxyfuelpower plant on UK coals by 2012

a UK demonstration

early stages of a transport network linked to one or more storage sites and several capture sites

multiple storage demonstrations in UK including EOR, depleted gas fields and saline aquifers

700deg coal power plant (efficiency >50 % before CCS and >45 % with CCS), designed for CCS,

BERR competition

EU Policies on Energy and Climate Change

• EU energy policy must balance the competing requirements of security, environment and competitiveness (Moscow - Kyoto – Lisbon)

• Sometimes these objectives are compatible, sometimes opposed

• The Spring Council of Ministers 2007 committed Europe to

– At least 20% reduction in greenhouse gases by 2020, and an objective of 30% by 2020, subject to international agreement

– A mandatory target of 20% of energy consumption to be from Renewable sources by 2020 , including a 10% target for biofuels

– Specific plans to be drawn up …. these were published 23 January 2008

EU Policies on Energy and Climate – package of 23 Jan 2008

• Strategic Energy Technology Plan (

– CCS is included in the key technical challenges for next ten years to meet 2020 targets, along with renewables

• Communication: Supporting Early Demonstration of Sustainable Power generation from Fossil Fuels

– Crucial need for CCS recognised– Considers options for funding/incentives but offers only modest funding from the

EU for coordination actions described as a “CCS Initiative”– Seeks support from industry

• Proposed Directive: Regulation of Geological Storage of CO2– CO2 captured and stored will be credited as not emitted under the Emissions

Trading Scheme– Options considered included the possibility of making CCS mandatory, but that this

was decided against on cost grounds– Proposes that the LCPD be amended to require all new plants to be capture ready

EU Policies on Energy and Climate Change – January package

• Amendment of ETS Directive– Recognises CCS and clarifies that CO2 stored in a regulated site will be treated as

not emitted– All CO2 Allowances to be auctioned from 2013, no free grandfathered allowances -

inherently favours gas vs coal– A proportion of auction revenues (>20%) should be used to reduce GHGs

(including CCS)

• Renewables Directive– A mandatory target of 20% of all energy consumption (power transport and

heating/cooling) to be from Renewable sources by 2020 averaged across EU , including a 10% target for biofuels

– UK target is 15 %, recognising that we have only 1.5% now

EU Policies on Energy and Climate Change – current situation

• European Parliament ENVI voted on 7 October 2008 on:– ETS Directive– CCS Directive

• Important outcomes – three Amendments proposed by the rapporteurs were passed– Financing of Demonstration Projects

• Up to a maximum of 500 million allowances (=20Bn euros) in the new entrants reserve shall be awarded to large-scale commercial demonstration projects

• EU or in developing countries and countries with economies in transition outside the EU that ratify the future international agreement.

• EC shall strive to ensure that convincing progress towards letting contracts for theconstruction of 12 large-scale commercial demonstration projects can be displayed before the meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC to be held in Copenhagen in November 2009

– CCS• on compromise amendment 13 of the CCS directive, it was agreed that: “a CO2 stream shall

consist of not less that 95% of carbon dioxide…– Emissions standard for all new power plants

• Member states shall ensure that from 1 January 2015 the operating permit for all electricity-generating large combustion installations with a capacity greater than 300MW granted a construction permit or, in the absence of such a procedure, granted an original operating permit after 1 January 2015 include conditions requiring compliance with an emission performance standard of 500 g CO2/kWh

These decisions will proceed to the full, plenary session of the Parliament and must receive the endorsement of the member states in the Council of the European Union.

Would prevent coal power plants without CCS whilst permitting less than BAT gas power plants !!!!!!!

Phased Approach to CO2 Reduction – now

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

Old Sub-crit

Mod Sub-crit

Supercrit

Adv Supercrit

AD700ASC+20%biomass

CCSIGCC

old CCGT

Modern CCGT

BAT CCGT

+CCS

Pulverised coal

IGCC-coal

CCGT-gas

CCS

g/kWh ---------------------------------Coal Generation ------------------------------------- ---------Gas Generation ------

Now

Now

Proposed emission limit standard

UK Energy Policies ( as defined in 2007 EWP, 2008 Energy Bill, and 2008 EWP on Nuclear Power)

• Policies aim for a balanced mix of energy sources to be determined by the market

• Renewables support improved by banding of ROCs to boost marine renewables( including offshore wind, wave and tide). Target of 33 GW of offshore wind announced.

• Nuclear to be encouraged by revised consent and planning approvals system (separating generic safety and policy issues from local planning). Also action on nuclear waste and system to require generation companies to set aside funds for decommissioning and waste treatment

• Fossil to be made cleaner, initially by requiring all plants to be built capture ready. CCS to be demonstrated via a government funded programme with the project chosen by a competition

• “Coal Forum to facilitate dialogue within the industry and work to ensure that we have the right framework, consistent with our energy policy goals, to secure the long-term contribution of coal-fired power generation and optimise the use of economical coal reserves in the UK”

Carbon Capture Ready (CCR) Consultation

• Issued July, closing date 22 September, report to Ministers to be published by 22 December

• Makes an excellent case for – coal in the generation mix, – for CCS and for capture ready for coal and gas

• Makes very sensible recommendations on the definition of capture ready based on an IEA report

What is CCR? Stages of Capture-Readiness

Capture un-ready

(ie CCS not feasible)

Capture ready(ie CCS feasible and recognised in the power plant design with adequate space provided for a feasible capture option and and route for transport of CO2 identified)

Capture and Storage ready(ie CCS feasible and recognised in the power plant design with adequate space provided for a feasible capture option, route for transport of CO2 identified and suitable store identified)

Capture and Storage Qualified (ie CCS feasible and recognised in the power plant design with adequate space provided for a feasible capture option, route for transport of CO2 identified and suitable store qualified)

Capture and Storage ready to implement(ie Capture plant

installed, pipeline built, storage equipment installed)

CCS implemented

Build Capture- ready power plant Implement CCS project

Many new gas and coal

power plants could be in

this category

Proposed IEA definition

referenced in BERR

consultation

Longer to implement

Capture Ready

Designing a plant (coal or gas) to be CCR will require• Need suitable space for the capture and compression plant, recognising

the area, height and type of plant, …..not to be underestimated• May require safety buffer zones, eg for oxygen or ammonia plant• Will require space inside the power plant for internal connections• Will require additional cooling water• Will require to have a CO2 storage area in mind, compatible with a credible

route for piping CO2

• All above to be demonstrated in feasibility studies prior to sanction of plant

Mandatory requirements for capture readiness will impact on the siting of future power plants, especially CCGTs

Footprint of Capture plant – DTI Project 407

1 x ASC BT Amine Unit:- 2 x SO2 removal towers

(reduces SO2 from 10ppm at FGD outlet to 1 ppm at CO2 absorber inlet)

- 2 x Fans / Blowers- 2 x CO2 Absorber Towers

(12.5m Dia x 45m Height)- 1 x CO2 Stripper Tower (10m Dia)

1 x ASC BT Oxyfuel Unit:- 2 x ASU trains- CO2 Compression- Maximum Height – 68m

• Oxyfuel and amine scrubbing have similar footprints

Amine Scrubbing &CO2 Compression

23,825m2

ASU &CO2 Compression

24,500m2



Storage (CCS)• Current R+D and industrial activities• Future R+D and Demonstration needs• EU and UK policies relating to Clean Coal

– the work of the Coal Forum• Ambitions for clean fossil fuel power plant with CCS – role of Capture-


Coal Forum – actions during 2008

“The Coal Forum will facilitate dialogue within the industry and work to ensure that we have the right framework, consistent with our energy policy goals, to secure the long-term contribution of coal-fired power generation and optimise the use of economical coal reserves in the UK”

• The Coal Forum’s 2008 report includes – modelling of the UK’s generation mix out to 2025– identification of hurdles and barriers to new clean coal power plant and threats

to existing “Opted-in” plant

• Two Scenarios were modelled -– Look at how to fill generation gap in 2016 and consider two extremes “Optimistic

for Coal” and “Pessimistic for Coal”– Assume 1.6GW nuclear new build in 2018, 2.6GW by 2020 – Assume 25GW of wind in 2020– Nuclear station closures as BERR predictions– Use latest BERR demand predictions– Used EMO logic on derated capacity

New clean coal or new gas???

When fitted with CCS, higher cost per tonne of CO2

When fitted with CCS, lower cost per tonne of CO2

May get under the bar of the emissions standard

CO2 is 2x gas so needs twice the EAUs, and may face CO2 emissions standard

Meets 2016 LCPD limits and further tightening possible in 2020

May be harder to meet “Capture- ready”requirements

Sites generally suitable for CCS, can meet “Capture- ready” requirements

OK for CHP, closer to urban areasMore suited to central power plant - out of town

Lower capital cost, shorter planning and build time, shorter pay back time

Higher capital cost, longer planning and build time

Higher and more volatile fuel costs, less secure supplies

Lower fuel cost, plentiful supplies, can be stockpiled cheaply

Gas Power PlantCoal Power Plant

Gas has been the default option

Now 12 GW planned/under construction, most nominally CCR

But at least 7 companies are considering clean coal to balance their portfolios

All recognise that they will need to install CCS

Coal Forum Scenarios for UK – “Optimistic for Coal”

Scenario assumes• 6 GW of new capture-ready coal by 2016• 4.6 GW of opted-in plant close in 2016• Three CCS coal demonstration plants by 2018• 6GW of CCS on coal by 2025

Outcomes of model• Generation capacity gap unless a further 2GW of Gas CCGT built by 2012

and 5GW by 2016 on top of 12 GW planned/under construction• 60% dependence on gas during a cold still spell in winter in 2016 (cf 36%

now) • 42% of generation from gas, 16% from renewables in 2016• 33% reduction in CO2 emissions in 2025 vs 2006• Annual coal demand 40 Mt/y in 2016, 45 Mt/y in 2020

Coal Forum Scenarios for UK – “Pessimistic for coal”

Scenario assumes• No new coal by 2016• 10 GW of opted-in coal plants close in 2016• No CCS demonstration• All new fossil plant are gas

Outcomes of model• Generation capacity gap unless a further 2GW of Gas CCGT built by 2012

and 15GW by 2016 on top of 12 GW planned/under construction• 75% dependence (GW) on gas during a cold still spell in winter (cf 36%

now)• 54% of generation (TWh) from gas, 17% from renewables in 2016



Storage (CCS)• Current R+D and industrial activities• Future R+D and Demonstration needs• EU and UK policies relating to Clean Coal• Ambitions for clean fossil fuel power plant with CCS

– and role of Carbon Capture Ready (CCR) plants• Call for Action to accelerate Clean Coal and CCS

All IEA Scenarios require CCS on both coal and gas power plants

Ambitions for clean fossil fuel power plant with CCS – role of CCR plant

• IEA “BLUE Scenario” requires 28 coal (800MW) and 52 gas (500MW) CCS power plants per year from 2020

• Timing and scale of introduction of CCS is restricted by the pace of – pilot/demonstration projects – introduction of regulations– validation of CO2 storage sites and – market conditions/incentives …dependent on the carbon price under the ETS

• “Capture ready (CCR)” is therefore very important since new power plants are needed in UK and globally on a scale larger and on a timescale faster than it is feasible to install CCS on even a small proportion

• We conclude that we need multiple CCS demonstrations and all other power plants home and abroad built capture ready

• If we do this in the UK, we will set an excellent global example

CCS projects/yr

Scale- up of CCS capacity needed to commercialise CCS on power plant by 2020

Pilot scale demonstrations in the 10 – 40MW range for operation by 2012


2009 -2012

IEA Energy Technology Perspectives2008

In support of the G8 Plan of Action“Scenarios and Strategies to 2050”“Blue Map Scenario” has CCS on

power plant responsible for 19% of CO2 savings in 2050

20 full scale CCS demonstrations globally (10 -12 in the EU), operational by 2015

80 CCS power projects/year

(eg 28 x 800MW coal and 52 x 500MW gas) from about 2020

5Mt/y

25Mt/y

5.6 Gt/y

x5

x1000

20 CCS projects over 7 years

80 CCS projects/ year for 30 years

CO2 Stored

GAP between current policies and needs

CCS projects/yr

Scale- up of CCS capacity needed to commercialise CCS on power plant by 2020

Pilot scale demonstrations in the 10 – 40MW range for operation by 2012


2009 -2012

IEA Energy Technology Perspectives2008

In support of the G8 Plan of Action“Scenarios and Strategies to 2050”“Blue Map Scenario” has CCS on

power plant responsible for 19% of CO2 savings in 2050

80 CCS power projects/year

(eg 28 x 800MW coal and 52 x 500MW gas) from about 2020

5Mt/y

25Mt/y

5.6 Gt/y

x5

x1000

20 CCS projects over 7 years

80 CCS projects/ year for 30 years

CO2 Stored

100 full scale early stage deployment projects – build up from 20/yr to 40/yr, each committed by 2015, operational by 2020

“Second trancheprojects”

40 CCS projects/ year in 2020

20 CCS projects/ year in 2015

20 full scale CCS demonstrations globally (10 -12 in the EU), operational by 2015

Twin – track approach

Carbon Dioxide

Reduction

-

Possible Now

Long Term TimeMedium Term2010 2020

90 - 95%

Track 2: Carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Track 1: BAT efficiency

20 full scale CCS demos,12 in EU,

by 2015

CCR plants23%

29%


Carbon Dioxide

Reduction

-

Possible Now


23%

90 - 95%



Retrofits of CCS

CCR plants


by 2015,

29%


Carbon Dioxide

Reduction

-

Possible Now


90 - 95%



Retrofits of CCS

CCR plants


by 2015

Commercialisation of CCS by 2020,All new build with CCS, from 2020?Rapid retrofit of CCR plant, by 2025?

23%

29%




ready (CCR) plants• Campaign for Action to accelerate Clean Coal and CCS

A campaign for clean coal

• Recognise that despite energy saving measures we will probably need more clean electricity if carbon targets for heating and transport are to be met

• Recognise that coal and gas cannot be avoided if people are to have sufficient energy and therefore that widespread implementation of CCS is urgent

• Recognise that while CCS technologies do not need to be invented they need progressive scale up, requiring a number of demonstration projects before wholesale implementation

• Seek ambitious programmes for implementation of CCS demonstrations ie Multiple capture technologies, coal and gas

• Question very seriously whether one UK demonstration is sufficient in the context of 20 GW of new fossil plant in the UK (Conservatives are saying they would support at least 3)

• Ensure all other coal and gas plants are genuinely capture-ready and plan retrofit of CCS onto capture ready plant as soon as reasonable - will require incentives or regulation if C-price not sufficient soon enough

• Do not allow politicians to discriminate against coal in favour of gas, such policy simply allows the UK to dodge the carbon issues temporarily, increases security and price risks and sets an example we would not want developing countries to copy

Call for Action to accelerate Clean Coal and Clean Gas

• Consenting process to require all large combustion plant/fossil fuel power plant emitting more than 1Mt CO2/yr to be built capture-and-storage-ready

• UK CCS regulations in place by 2010.• The provision of properly coordinated support for CCS Research and

Development, bringing together the activities of the Research Councils, Technology Strategy Board, Carbon Trust, Energy Technology Institute and Environmental Transformation Fund

• Three coal and one gas large scale CCS demonstration projects in UK, operational by 2015 (an appropriate share to meet EU, G8 and IEA objectives and maintain a leadership position for UK industry) funded from auction revenues or the EU 500

• Development of incentives by 2010 to support a second tranche of CCS projects (to be committed by 2015 and operational by 2020)

• Development of a strategy to implement CCS on all CCR plants (coal and gas) on fast- track timescales that take account of– the progress and performance of demonstration projects;– the carbon price versus costs of CCS;– the capacity of the industry to implement.

Tomorrow’s WorldTomorrow’s World – a clean future for coal power plants

Doosan Babcock are committed to development and global implementation of

cleaner power plants - clean coal, clean gas, nuclear and renewables as rapidly as the

market allows

Thank you for your attention

Slides available on BCURA and DoosanBabcock websites

dr mike farley director of technology policy liaison

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