draft analysis of wastewater management sector in palestine
DESCRIPTION
DRAFT Analysis of Wastewater Management Sector in Palestine. Nidal Mahmoud+ and Adel Yasin++ +Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Birzeit University ++ Director of Sanitary Department/ Palestinian Water Authority PWA. Background about past situation present situation - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
April 22, 2023 1
DRAFTAnalysis of Wastewater Management Sector in
PalestineNidal Mahmoud+ and Adel Yasin++
+Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Birzeit University
++ Director of Sanitary Department/ Palestinian Water Authority PWA
April 22, 2023 2
Presentation Outline
• Background about past situation
• present situation• Challenge1:Water
Supply• Challenge 2: Fund• Challenge3: Israeli
Conditions• Challenge4: WWTP
Criteria
• Challenge5: Upgrade old WW Network
• Challenge 6: Effluent Disposal
• Challenge 7: Policy & Laws
• Challenge 8: Capacity Building
• Looking for the Future
April 22, 2023 3
The Past situation for wastewater system
During the occupation period, wastewater Sector used to be a very neglected issue
• There are collection networks in the main cities and refugee camp (served 28-32% of population) remaining population uses cesspits
• Many of these networks are old and poorly designed established before 1967 through Jordanian Administration and stayed without development
April 22, 2023 4
The Past situation for wastewater system-continued
• 40-50 MCM/Y of ww is generated, around 15 MCM/Y is collected by network then discharged into open areas (wadis)
• Around 400 locations for vacuum tankers for discharging ww
• There are very few un-functional wastewater treatment plant (94% of ww is discharged to wadies)
April 22, 2023 5
The Past situation for wastewater system-continued
• The un-treated Wastewater flows into the wadis
• Some farmers use the mixture of both untreated wastewater and spring water in irrigation specially in Nablus and AlFar’a area
April 22, 2023 6
No. Main cities %of ww services
Treatment services
1 Jenin 55 Not function
2 Tulkarem 75 Primarily stage
3 Qalqilya 70 No
4 Nablus 80 No
5 Salfit 80 On going
6 Ramallah 75 Low efficiency
7 El Bireh 88 High efficiency
8 Jerusalem 95 Under Israeli control
9 Bethelem 85 No
10 Hebron 80 On going
11 Jericho Zero No
Wastewater status in WB
April 22, 2023 7
Percentage of Households that Use Cesspits
Percentage of Households that Use Cesspits by Type of Locality and Region, 1997
(http://www.pcbs.org)
April 22, 2023 8
Status of WW management in Palestine !?
April 22, 2023 9
Israeli Colonies effects on the Environment
• Israel is controlling the Palestinians for 40 years but they did nothing to protect the environment
• Israel moved most of internationally forbidden industries to the West Bank and disposes all toxic effluents into Palestinian land without tratment
• 95% of the industry in the sraeli settlements is considered toxic & dangerous industries
April 22, 2023 10
Israeli Colonies effects on the Environment
Total effluent seawage discharged to the Wadis by Israeli Settlements is around 50 MCM
• Palestinian Agricultural lands around the settlements were destroyed by untrated effluent
April 22, 2023 11
Israeli Colonies effects on the Environment
the last 10 years, The Palestinians allocated 250Millin USD for WWT projects but the Israelis stopped us by one way or another
HOW!!!:• Security Areas• Connection of Illegal settlements• High Standards & Specifications
April 22, 2023 12
Existing and near future WWTP Projects
April 22, 2023 13
WW ProjectsNo.1 Treatment name Status
1 Existing Jenin TP Overload and not function
2 Proposed Jenin regional TP Needs fund
3 Proposed Tubas TP Needs fund
4 Proposed Nablus west TP Tendering process
5 Proposed Nablus east TP Needs fund
6 Existing Tulkarem ponds Pre-treatment
7 Proposed Tulkarem TP Design phase
8 Proposed Salfeet TP Waiting for notice to proceed
9 Existing of El-Bireh TP Function at 2003
10 Existing of Ramallah TP Overload
11 Proposed of Ramallah TP Preparing the feasibility study
12 Proposed Jericho TP Needs fund
13 Proposed Wadi Al-Nar TP Preparing feasibility study
14 Proposed Hebron regional TP Tendering process
15 Proposed Ad Dahrriya TP Needs fund
April 22, 2023 14
Regional Sewerage Project Jenin
• Project: Regional Sewerage Jenin• Total Investment:40 Million USD• Donor: Germany KFW• Start Implementation: not yet • Period of Implemntation: • Status: TOR prepared needs approval from JWC• Obstacles: Feasibility study could not be
tendered before approval
April 22, 2023 15
Regional WW Disposal Tulkarm
• Project: Regional Sewerage Tulkarm
• Total Investment:45 Million USD
• Donor: Germany-KFW
• Start Implemntation:2008
• Period of Implemntation: 3 years
• Status: Feasibility Study ready
• Obstacles:
April 22, 2023 16
Sewerage Nablus West
• Project: Sewerage Nablus-west (investment/Infrastructure restortion Measures
• Total Investment:• Donor:Germany -KFW• Start Implemntation:1998• Period of Implemntation: 37.8 Million USD• Status: Final Design ready• Obstacles:
April 22, 2023 17
Ramallah Sewerage Treatment Project
• Project: Ramallah Sewerage Treatment
• Total Investment:
• Donor: Germany KFW
• Start Implemntation:Not yet
• Period of Implemntation:
• Status: Feasibility study Ready
• Obstacles: TP Location
April 22, 2023 18
Al-Bireh Wastewater Treatment Plant
• Project: Sewerage Al-Bireh• Objectives• Total Investment: 12 Million USD• Donor: Germany - KFW• Start Implemntation:1998• Period of Implemntation: 2.5 Years• Status: Functional TP• Obstacles:
April 22, 2023 19
Salfeet Sewerage
• Project: Sewerage Salfeet (investment/Infrastructure restortion Measures
• Total Investment:11 Million USD• Donor: Germany KFW• Start Implemntation: 1995• Period of Implemntation: • Status: postponded• Obstacles:JWU approval
April 22, 2023 20
Hebron WWTP
• Project:
• Total Investment: 45 Million USD
• Donor: USAID
• Start Implemntation: Not Yet
• Period of Implemntation:
• Status: Postponded
• Obstacles: Regulation of USAID
April 22, 2023 21
Jericho WW collection System
• Project:• Total Investment: () Million USD• Donor: JICA• Start Implemntation: Not Yet• Period of Implemntation: 3 years• Status: Feasibility Study is Ready• Obstacles: Location of WWTP, JWC
Approvement
April 22, 2023 22
Abu-Dis WW collection System
• Project: Abu-Dis, Al-Izarita & Az-Zaim WW
• Total Investment: (25) Million USD
• Donor: Submitted to AFD
• Start Implemntation: Not Yet
• Period of Implemntation:
• Status: Obstacles: Not Funded yet
April 22, 2023 23
Despite all what have been done, still huge efforts are needed to properly manage the wastewater in Palestine
April 22, 2023 24
Challenges1: Water Supply Priorities
• Providing drinking water systems takes the priority where still more than 220 thousands in around 220 communities without networks
• Chaleenge2: Raising huge amount of fund to improve
WW sector services more than billion US Dollar are needed
April 22, 2023 25
Challenge2: Limitation of fund and donor regulations and
requirements• Challenge3: unsustainability & stability of
External Donation
Donor funds only to have sustainable & sanitation infrastructures, PWA policy and strategies should carefully considers the affordability of beneficiaries to pay for this service
April 22, 2023 26
Challenges
Israeli conditions through JWC that affect, postponds, stop projects for unreasonable aspects
• Connection of illegal Israeli Settlement effluent to Palestinian Sewerage Systems
• Specifications and standars of effluents and treated ww imposed by Israelis
• Security aspects
April 22, 2023 27
Challenges
• Challenges4: selection of Appropriate treatment systems and technologies
that leads to WW management driving forces and treatment technologies that achieve specific criterias by utilizing all type of technologies that help to minimize the running cost, example: produce gas CH4, incineration of sludge and available solid waste
April 22, 2023 28
Driving Forces for WW Management
• Public health risks: waterborne diseases• Environmental protection: water resources and
soil• National and regional policies: standards and
guidelines• Adequate sanitation services: life quality
standards• Economical benefits: reuse and recreation• Political issues: regional stability
April 22, 2023 29
Criteria for WWT selection• Satisfactory treatment efficiency towards: COD/BOD, suspended
solids, N, P, etc. • Robust technology: high stability towards power cut, peak loads,
toxicants, etc. • Flexible with respect to future amendments (extensions,
improvement) • Simple in operation maintenance and control • Limited number of treatment steps • Absence of disposal problems (e.g. sludge) • No malodour nuisance • Availability of local experience • Designed for (by) product recovery
April 22, 2023 30
Challenges
Challenge 5: Upgrading of the West Bank old urban sewage works
• Odor nuisance:
-Overloaded pond systems
-Misconception in design
• Land availability:
- No space for extension
April 22, 2023 31
Challenge 6: Final effluent disposal
Reuse in agriculture: where, this was one of the main target of Master Plan started in 1996
• Treated ww recycling and reuse is considered a very important option for generating additional water resources to replace fresh water used for agricultural and industrial purposes
Artificail Recharge through Disposal final effluent in Wadis: environmental impact; compliance with political agreements
April 22, 2023 32
Challenge 7: Enforcement of policy and laws
PWA policy:• Based on “Polluter Pays Principle” and
envisages a full cost recovery based on affordability basis, water-tariff models should be developed to assure cost recovery
Palestinian Water Law:• - Set of regulations and rules entailing pollution
fees for environmental pollution handlings
April 22, 2023 33
Challenge 8: Capacity building
• Building and maintaining a core staff for managing and regulating the wastewater projects: review of documents and formulation of future plans
• Prepare for all training and capacity building program that required to support sustainable operation of the WWTP, and to achieve value from reuse of the treated wastewater.
April 22, 2023 34
Look into the FutureSustainable planning of WWTP
WW treatment facilities
• Realistic planning and management?
• Affordable CAPEX and OPEX?
Political issues
• Sovereignty?
• Political power?
• Commitment?
April 22, 2023 35
Look into the FutureSustainable Operation Small
WWTPFinancial Resources • Effective financial management• Socio-cultural aspects• Public awareness and cleaner production tools Institutional issues• Establishment of wastewater associations? • Private sector involvement in sanitation services• Pollution control & reuse guidelines?• Water quality & public health protection?