draft concept design report university of calgary

DRAFT CONCEPT DESIGN REPORT UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY

MacKimmie Tower and Block I Repurposing and Renewal March 31, 2010

CONCEPT DESIGN REPORT UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY

MacKimmie Tower and Block I Repurposing and Renewal

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Preface The development of the MacKimmie Library Concept Design process included a series of design workshops and team meetings to present progress to date and to discuss opportunities to explore common design connections. A pivotal moment during this phase of the work occurred on December 16th and 17th at a team design charrette in Toronto. During this session it was determined that three very strong programmatic concepts emerged. The first being the “Town Square” concept which promotes the MLB / MLT Link as a transparent primary pedestrian and student gathering node within the University Campus. This town square is strategically located at or near the heart of campus and serves several key functions including a new front door to MLB / MLT, a main entrance to the new TFDL, and is a major intersection and link to the campus pedestrian network. The second is that the Tower is best suited for Workplace environments and should be developed as such, while the Block is best suited for Academic functions and should be developed as such. The third and central to the project vision is the strong visual link between Swan Mall the interdisciplinary and common social space programmed around the perimeter of the Block and ground floor of the Tower. As a comprehensive design team we recognize there is much work ahead in resolving the programmatic space requirements and the exterior synthesis of the MLT/MLB. We believe that the functional and programmatic links to the Campus Master Plan Vision are critical to the success of repurposing of the MacKimmie Library. Our design team looks forward to the opportunity to explore and refine solutions around the program and the exterior expression of the MacKimmie project. In our opinion we have made significant progress so we ask that you consider where we are as a snapshot in the early stages of the overall design process. Dan Zak Project Architect

MacKimmie “Town Square”

PREFACE



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The preparation of this Concept Design Report for the University of Calgary MacKimmie Tower and Block repurposing involved the enthusiastic and knowledgeable participation of many individuals who require acknowledgment for their contributions. The consultation process was far reaching both within the University and the consulting design team. The following list represents the groups and individuals involved in the development of the content of this report. We apologize to any group or individual inadvertently excluded from this list.

UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Bob Ellard – Vice President (Facilities Management and Development FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT John Greggs – Director, Campus Planning FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT Rebecca Southworth – Intern Architect, Office of the University Architect FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT Stephen Dantzer – Associate Vice President FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT Jim Sawers – Director, Campus Engineering FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT Lois Cutts – Senior Campus Planner CAMPUS PLANNING Jackie Bell – Program Director, TFDL LIBRARIES AND CULTURAL RESOURCES

CONSULTING TEAM Prime Consultant – Condition Assessment Consultant - Functional Programming Consultant – Sustainability Consultant – Stantec Consulting Structural Consultant - Stantec Consulting Mechanical Consultant – Stantec Consulting Electrical Consultant – Stebnicki + Partners Building Code Consultant –Spitula & Associates Vertical Conveyances Consultant – Vinspec Ltd. Cost Consultant – Tech-Cost Consultants Ltd. Geotechnical Consultant - AMEC Earth & Environmental

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS



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1. Introduction 1.1. Project Description 1.2. Role of Architect 1.3. Purpose of the Report 1.4. Concept Design Process 2. Site 2.1. Campus Plan 2.2. Site Photos 2.3. Site Plan 2.4. Climate

3. Project Objectives 3.1. Campus Master Plan Guiding Principles 3.2. General Functional Program 4. Condition Assessment 4.1. Purpose of the Report 4.2. Building Code Analysis 4.3. Geotechnical Assessment 4.4. Structural Assessment 4.5. Mechanical Assessment 4.6. Electrical Assessment 4.7. Vertical Conveyances 4.8. Architectural Assessment 5. Test Fit Studies 5.1. Workplace Test/Fit 5.2. Academic Test/Fit 6. Program 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Process 6.3. Functional Program

7. Planning and Design Concepts 7.1. Design Objectives 7.2. Site Concept Plan 7.3. Town Square

Transparent Connector Gathering Place Indoor/outdoor space

7.4. Academic Block Student Space Teaching Space Transparency and Visual Connectivity

7.5. Administration Tower Work place Level 6a Event space Visual Landmark Ground Floor Public Space

7.6. Roof

Green Roof Living Wall

7.7. Building Envelope Tower Link Block

7.8. Sustainability Design Objectives Design Features LEED Score Card

7.9. Mechanical Systems Displacement Air Chilled beams Raised Floor

8. Concept Design 8.1. Architectural

Concept Images Site Plan Section Elevation Floor Plans

8.2. Sustainability Overview Energy Model

8.3. Mechanical Overview Tower Block Link

8.4. Electrical Overview Preliminary Electrical Service Power Distribution Emergency Power Lighting Grounding & Lightning Protection Voice and Data Systems Fire Alarm System Security System

8.5. Structural Overview Tower Block Link

8.6 Elevators APPENDIX A: Condition Assessment Report APPENDIX B: Functional Program APPENDIX C: Cost Plan APPENDIX D: Energy Model

TABLE OF CONTENTS



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1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Stantec Architecture was retain by the University of Calgary in September 2009 to provide condition evaluation, programming and concept design services which will develop the long term strategy for repurposing the MacKimmie buildings (MLT / MLB) and establish the basis of the fund development required to support the Project. This work is Phase 1 of a two phase process. The second phase will include design and construction of the project and will be contingent upon receiving funding approval. The MacKimmie Tower, Block and Link structures will become available for re-use as a result of the relocation of the majority of the main campus library functions to the new Taylor Family Digital Library (TFDL) in winter 2011. The MLB / MLT buildings are located in the heart of the main campus and combined total some 20,000 gross square meters of available space. They are joined by the Link, a key circulation component between MLB, MTL and the TFDL. It is anticipated that renovation and repurposing of MLT and MLB will form the key element of the University's master plan to improve space allocation and utilization across campus. The initial planning phase will determine the most appropriate utilization of the repurposed buildings and establish the costs to complete a major refurbishment. The repurposing of the MacKimmie Tower and Block is integral to the future master planning of research space across campus. By collecting and centralizing administrative uses now occupying space in research-capable buildings, the University will be able to significantly increase research and research support spaces in key areas, at an advantageous cost. Logical linking of new MLT/MLB with back-fill opportunities is to be included. 1.2 ROLE OF ARCHITECT Stantec Architecture facilitated and coordinated the design teams’ activities according to the following parameters:

Ensure the project mandate is carried out and maintained. Collaborate with all stakeholders to achieve the project goals and

objectives. Provided input into overall project schedule, timelines and

milestones. Ensure an integrated design process is structured around the

following principles: o Conduct weekly management team meetings to achieve a

comprehensive and holistic resolution to any conflicts and coordinate the input of team members.

o Conduct regular planning and design meetings and workshops with the University of Calgary.

o Regular and timely design charrettes to explore options for the resolution of design issues.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT The purpose of this report is to provide a concise package of information illustrating; the analysis of existing conditions, the planning and design process used, the evaluation of options and finally the recommended concept design approach to the redevelopment of the MacKimmie Tower, Block and Link. The report functions as a tool to communicate the development of the concept design and the steps taken by the design team to secure funding for phase 2 of the work and to advance the project to phase 2 of the work which is the development of the design and construction of the project. The Concept Design Report illustrates the following:

Clear direction and defined scope of work pertaining to the re-purposing of the existing MacKimmie Library for future phases.

Existing condition of building elements and systems Opportunities for re-use of existing building elements and systems Test / Fit scenarios based on the General Functional Program Development of a detailed Functional Program Site opportunities and constraints Architectural design concepts Approach to Sustainable Design Structural, Mechanical and Electrical system concepts

1.4 CONCEPT DESIGN PROCESS The process of developing the Concept Design was broken into four steps. The first step taken was the inspection of the existing building elements systems which culminated in a draft Condition Assessment Report submitted to the UC in November 2009. This report informed the design process relative to which elements and systems can be repurposed or rehabilitated and which can not. The second step taken by the consultant team was to develop options to test the best fit of the full range of potential uses for the available space. A variety of teaching spaces, student study spaces and administrative functions were developed within the tower and block buildings. This exercise informed the team of the best fit scenarios and the full range of potential opportunities for development in both buildings. The third step taken was the development of a detailed functional program. A series of program surveys and interviews were conducted to better understand the specific needs and requirements of each department. This information coupled with the General Functional Program, produced a detailed document describing which departments can be accommodated in the exiting MacKimmie buildings. This Detailed Functional Program informed the Concept Design Process. The fourth step was the development of a preferred Concept Design option. Several in-house Design Charrettes were organized for this phase of the work, with the intent to coordinate common design issues, develop a common design language, and resolve on-going issues. Several client workshops were also held to gain consensus on a wide range of issue including the preferred option for the concept design.

1. INTRODUCTION



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2.1 Existing Campus Plan Occupying more than 200-hectares in the City’s northwest quadrant, the University of Calgary plays a significant role within the Province of Alberta and the City of Calgary. The University contributes to the economic vitality of the region, educates the future workforce, advances important academic and research initiatives, and provides public amenities to the surrounding region. The University of Calgary is located approximately 10-kilometers (6.7 miles) northwest of downtown Calgary. The campus is strategically situated at the center of a district defined by academic, research, and medical functions, and is adjacent to several residential neighborhoods and recreation areas. The Mackimmie Library (MLT/MLB) is located near the centre of campus facing Swan Mall to the West and backing on TFDL.

2. SITE



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View of Mackimmie Library Tower, Link and Block from the East. The MacKimmie Tower is one of the most prominent structures located near the heart of the campus. It is highly visible from University Gate (main entrance to campus) and is easily identifiable when viewed from a distance within the City of Calgary.

2. SITE



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2.2 Site Photos

View of Mackimmie Tower from University Gate

U of C Campus looking West

Swan Mall Looking North

2. SITE



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Swan Mall looking South West

Pedestrian link between Swan Mall and TFDL Quad

+15 Link between TFDL and Mackimmie Link

2. SITE



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2.3 Site Plan The existing MacKiimmie Library faces onto Swan Mall and backs onto the new Taylor Family Digital Library (TFDL). A new +15 link has been recently constructed connecting TFDL to the MacKimmie Link at the 2nd floor. The MacKimmie Tower, Block and Link are connected buildings which will become available for re-use as a result of the relocation of the majority of the main campus library functions to the new Taylor Family Digital Library (TFDL) in winter 2011. The MLB and MLT are cast-in-place structures which were built in 1963 and 1972 respectively. No major upgrading has occurred to building envelopes, mechanical systems or electrical systems. The University has undertaken comprehensive assessments of the existing Tower and Block within the past two years. It has determined that a wide range of renewals and upgrades are needed. All electrical and HVAC systems are considered obsolete and the main building envelope is leaking and in need of a major upgrading and/or replacement. The MLB and MLT buildings are located in the heart of the main campus and combined total some 20,000+ gross square meters of available space. They are joined by the Link, a key circulation component between MLB, MTL and the TFDL. This link was constructed with the tower in 1972. It is anticipated that renovation and repurposing of MLT and MLB will form the key element of the University’s master plan to improve space allocation and utilization across campus. The initial planning phase will determine the most appropriate utilization of the repurposed buildings and establish the costs to complete a major refurbishment. The repurposing of the MacKimmie Tower and Block is integral to the future master planning of research space across campus.

2. SITE



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2.4 Climate Average daily temperatures range from -12 degrees Celsius in the winter to 23 degrees Celsius in the summer, and discourage outdoor activity and circulation for much of the year. Design strategies should retain heat, protect from cold winds, and capture sun during the winter, and mitigate high temperatures during the summer. The latitude and low angle of the sun create strong shadows nine months out of the year. Areas with good solar exposure tend to be more accessible during the afternoon than in the morning, and include such areas as the Taylor Family quad and the gathering space south of the Engineering Complex. Arctic winds blow from the northwest to the southeast and create harsh conditions across the campus. Large buildings tend to block the wind and create sheltered areas, while expansive open spaces are sometimes left exposed. The outdoor areas between Science B and MacEwan Hall, and between Murray Fraser Hall and the Professional Faculties Building receive more intense winds, while the corridors between the Taylor Family quad and the MacKimmie Library Block experience less intense winds. These conditions suggest that the most comfortable outdoor spaces on campus are found on the southern facades of buildings that are protected from wind and receive ample sunlight. It was found that the MacKimmie façades located on the eastern orientation have the greatest potential for contributing to energy savings.

Sun Study

2. SITE



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3.1 Campus Master Plan Guiding Principals The overriding guiding principal for the redevelopment of the MacKimmie Library is “create dynamic, integrated spaces that adhere to the principals of the Campus Master Plan as prepared by Sasaki”. The following elements of the Campus Master Plan Vision statement informed the design team in its development of key project design objectives.

VISION The University of Calgary master plan establishes a vision for the campus that builds upon previous planning efforts, is rooted in the academic and research missions of the institution, integrates innovative approaches to higher education delivery, and serves as a model of sustainability. The following fundamental themes and ideas characterize the campus vision:

o Campus Heart The master plan creates a well-defined campus heart near the Taylor Family quad. Landscape and architectural interventions transform the quad into an active and iconic open space that reinforces the identity of the University.

o Pedestrian-Oriented Campus The master plan preserves and enhances the pedestrian qualities of the campus. It concentrates mission-related purposes around the academic core of the campus, and situates other uses along its periphery. The master plan enhances pedestrian paths and bicycle routes, and improves transit and residential facilities. o Sustainability The master plan builds upon the work conducted by the University’s Office of Sustainability, and supports the environmental, economic, and social sustainability goals articulated in the draft Sustainability Master Plan. The master plan addresses sustainability through working landscapes with integrated storm water management benefits, transportation demand management strategies that promote alternate forms of transportation, and building designs that reduce energy usage, among other strategies.

o Interdisciplinarity Interdisciplinarity is encouraged through building and land use, and strategic architecture and open space interventions. The master plan considers programmatic adjacencies, and provides flexible venues that encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary interaction. Interdisciplinary nodes are designed as centers for academic faculties that foster an open and collegial atmosphere for faculty and student engagement between departments. o Enhanced Entrances The master plan reinforces the unique identities of the four major campus entrances. University Way is redesigned to function as the ceremonial and iconic campus entrance for students, faculty, staff, and visitors. New development and open spaces encourage pedestrian and transit connections near the LRT University Station,

while site improvements around the EEEL Building redefines the entrance from 32nd Avenue NW. Street trees and a redesigned plaza position Collegiate Boulevard as the primary entrance from the West Campus.

o Indoor – Outdoor Engagement The master plan emphasizes physical and visual connections between indoor and outdoor environments. Facades are articulated with transparent materials, while circulation is brought to the edges of buildings. Terraces and student life programs are strategically situated along southern facades to capture sunlight, activate building edges, and negotiate the transition between the indoor and outdoor spaces.

3. PROJECT OBJECTIVES



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Open Space and Connections

Redesigned Taylor Family quad functions as the campus heart. Primary pedestrian connections to Taylor Family quad and Swann Mall are reinforced by enhancing access from Campus main entrance. New open space connection from the University Gateway to the Taylor Family quadrangle (and Swan Mall) improves connectivity between the quad and other key campus spaces. Diagonal pathway carries users into the Taylor Family quad (and Swan Mall) and maintains a visual connection with the University Gateway. Swann Mall is maintained as a more passive and informal quadrangle.

Pedestrian Circulation

The goal of the master plan is to create a legible, pedestrian-oriented campus within an integrated and accessible environment. The plan prioritizes pedestrian movements and facilitates effective circulation through compact development, well-defined pathways, and logical connections between indoor and outdoor environments. Pedestrian pathways function as part of a larger circulation and open space strategy that provides pedestrian access to public spaces and key locations on campus and to surrounding areas. Pedestrian improvements are also designed to facilitate community access to the campus.

Services

The master plan also creates a new service access route to the Taylor Family Digital Library, MacKimmie Library Block and Tower, and the MacEwan Student Centre by removing the Plus- 15 between Craigie Hall and Murray Fraser Hall. The plan consolidates service in the MacEwan Student Centre to the east service bay and removes the west bay by the bookstore. This allows the removal of the service route through the Taylor Family quadrangle and improves the pedestrian quality of this critical space at the heart of the campus.




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3.2 GENERAL FUNCTIONAL PROGRAM The University of Calgary provided Stantec with two drafts of the General Functional Program. The first dated 24 August 2009 and a second dated 30 September 2009. These documents served as the starting point for testing the best fit for the Tower and Block and provided the baseline for the program development. The draft General Functional Program identified several key project objectives:

Determine the most appropriate utilization of the repurposed buildings.

Centralize administrative uses now consuming space in research capable buildings.

Logical linking of new MLT/MLB with backfill opportunities. Increase the amount and range of instructional space including

Give priority to small classrooms and to eliminating temporary instructional spaces.

The draft Campus Master plan also identifies a need for more student space.

“..student life is the most significant space deficit on campus”

“there is a need for additional student life amenities within the academic precincts.”

“Concentrate student-centered spaces within campus precincts to

create vitality, and enhance the campus experience for students“.

Migration Strategy 1 – Library Stacks within Tower move Of-site

Migration Strategy 2 - Administration Programs move to MLT

Strategic Transformations

Introduce interdisciplinary nodes within academic precincts Share instructional space Collocate instructional and student life space Provide collaboration spaces for students and faculty Create flexible spaces that enhance studying and learning Design spaces to encourage spontaneous interaction Provide visibility and accessibility to students and faculty




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4.1 Purpose of the Report The first step in developing the program and concept design for MLT/MLB was the completion of detailed systems and building investigation. This work was completed in October 2009. The purpose of this report was to document comprehensive condition assessments and building code analysis of the existing University of Calgary MacKimmie Library Complex comprising of the 14 level Tower, 5 level Block and 3 level Link. This report provided a description of building elements and systems, their current condition and their suitability for repurposing as an efficient, code compliant and sustainable academic and administrative complex.

4.2 Building Code Analysis The “baseline” for building code requirements is the current 2006 Alberta Building Code, using Division “B”, Acceptable Solutions. The extent of non-conformance with the 1960 National Building Code (NBC) as well as the 1965 and 1970 versions of the National Building Code is significant considering that fundamentally the codes have not materially changed in many aspects since the 1965 and 1970 editions of the NBC. Of particular interest was that the 1970 NBC had included the additional measures for high buildings similar to current requirements, an aspect that was not incorporated into the design of the library tower at the time of the addition of 6 floors, clearly a high building by code definition.

4.3 Geotechnical Assessment Performance of the renovated library structure, including building foundations likely will be satisfactory for the duration of a 50 year design life based on the following:

The performance of the structures reportedly is satisfactory with no known problems except for weather-related deterioration of the exterior cladding;

The foundations for the MacKimmie Library Tower were initially designed for a total of 21 floors and only 12 floors have been constructed;

The new cladding and change in occupancy will result in significantly lighter loads;

Information in the available historical reports for the MacKimmie Library Tower does not suggest less than satisfactory continued performance. The attached geotechnical report provides a preliminary historical summary for the Tower only with general commentary on current and future uses of the tower. Historical document review for the Block and Link will be completed once these documents are made available.

Further investigation must be completed including current code requirements, inspecting former settlement monitoring hubs and evaluating the response of the foundations to loading and partial reloading. 4.4 Structural Assessment All structures were visually reviewed for indications of excessive settlement or deflection of structural elements. No indications of excessive settlement, deflection, or other movement of primary structural elements were noted in any of the three structures. It was observed that the horizontal joints between precast concrete cladding panels on the McKimmie Library Tower have reduced over time. However, this is likely due to thermal effects combined with long term creep and shrinkage of the structure as a whole, which is expected in reinforced concrete construction. The primary notes of concern from a structural perspective were indications of moisture ingress through the building envelope. While the building envelope is discussed in more detail under the Architectural section of the report, it is noted here, as preventing moisture ingress will assist in extending the life expectancy of structural elements. The structures reviewed in this report appear to be good candidates for re-purposing, as the structural systems remain in generally good condition, and due to the relatively high original design loading. It should be noted that construction issues with the Franki compacto piles below the McKimmie Library Tower limited the pile capacity in the original design, and will likely not a allow for vertical expansion of the Tower structure in a re-purposing project. 4.5 Mechanical Assessment

Fire protection in the MacKimmie Library Complex is currently very limited, typically consisting of basement sprinklers and standpipes. All mechanical systems throughout the three buildings are in extremely poor condition, are inefficient and require replacement. Mechanical issues with heating and ventilation are endemic and have been band-aided over the last 20-30 years. The occupancy of the some areas has also changed drastically since the original design, which has required additional mechanical system modifications. All mechanical systems are beyond their life cycle replacement. The existing mechanical systems should all be upgraded and replaced to provide long term service for building repurposing. The existing mechanical systems cannot be relied upon to provide services over the next 40-50 years without a major renovation. It is recommended that a full mechanical replacement be performed to provide reliability, energy efficient operation, and to meet current standards for the new proposed occupancies. 4.6 Electrical Assessment The majority of the electrical systems is original and has passed their normal life expectancy. Most of the systems are beyond 40 years old and are showing signs of deterioration. Most of the electrical systems are obsolete and are very hard to service. The equipment is of old technology and spare parts are hard to obtain posing concerns for long period of power outage to the buildings. The size of the existing service rooms does not meet current code requirements. Clearance in front of the equipment in many cases poses safety concerns. The life safety systems are of concern as they do not meet current code requirements. The emergency generator does not meet current code requirements and poses great concern that there may be no power in an emergency. 4.7 Vertical Conveyances At the time of the inspection the equipment was found to be fair to average condition. The callback rate on all gearless traction elevators is very high according to logbook records and from my general knowledge of site. In most cases the elevators are operating close to design specifications (with regard to operating times, door times, and leveling accuracy) in spite of the poor maintenance at the site. The equipment is completely original with the exception of the minor upgrade of an infrared multibeam door reversal devices installed on most of the traction elevators. With proper maintenance at the site, the existing elevator systems should be able to provide acceptable elevator service to the building tenants as it exists. With a full upgrade of the existing elevator system, we are confident that the library tower elevators can be utilized for office type usage. The average waiting times have been shown on previous projects to be reduced by 25-50% from the 1969 technology that is currently in place.

4. CONITION ASSESSMENT (appendix A)



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4.8 Architectural Assessment External building components in the Tower including the exterior pre-cast concrete cladding, window wall, vapor barrier, and roof are not functioning as intended, with reported water and air leaks, and difficulties maintaining internal temperatures. Stained acoustical ceiling tile and discolored and peeling paint was observed in several areas within the Tower. Some internal areas are covered with a flexible vapor barrier to prevent damage to internal components in the event of further leaking. The interior architectural building components, with the exception of damage due to water infiltration, are generally outdated but have typically been well maintained. It is anticipated that all interior partitions and finishes will be replaced as part of the repurposing of MLT /MLB. The exterior pre-cast concrete panels have warped and settled, crushing the control joints and spalling precast corners in numerous locations. The area immediately adjacent to and around the Tower has been fenced off to prevent injury to passersby from pieces of falling concrete panels. It is recommended that all exterior cladding and windows on both MLT and MLB be removed and replace with a new energy efficient building envelope.

4. CONDITION ASSESSMENT (Appendix A)



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5.1 Workplace Test/Fit – MLT (Tower) The tower floor plate layout and compact core is well suited for workplace functions. With relatively minor adjustments to the structural core of the tower, elevators, mechanical systems, plumbing systems, electrical systems, and exiting can be made to accommodate an office environment. In defining new workplace planning opportunities for staff accommodation in the MacKimmie Block and Tower the Project Team identified guiding principles to be used in testing the suitability of the floors for staff accommodation. The most important of these workplace principals included clarity of circulation, access to natural light, flexibility for future changes and the integration of new workplace standards being considered by the University. The characteristics of the tower proved to be particularly well suited to the development, with the shallow distance between the core and exterior wall and with no internal columns, layout options have been developed which balance the amount of internal enclosed area with the open office areas adjacent to the windows. The corners of the floor, considered to be prime ‘real estate’ with excellent views are developed as common use meeting space. A ring corridor surrounding the core allows for multiple tenants on any floor. .

5.1 Workplace Test/Fit – MLB (Block) The MLB, although considered as appropriate for the accommodation of academic space, is equally suitable for the development of office space based on these same principals. In developing test fit plans for the block we have been able to provided access to natural light for all general office with a deep floor plate through the orientation of space and placement of services areas in the central area of the floor plate reducing the distance between the core and exterior wall.

5. TEST / FIT STUDIES



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5.2 Academic Space Test /Fit – MLB (Block) General Approach: The MLB at 4 stories in height with a steel structural system and a bay size of 19’-4” x 25’-8” and a floor plate size of approximately 22,000 SF is particularly well suited for academic uses which include smaller classrooms (up to approx. 40 seats), seminar style collaborative learning rooms (approx. 20-24 seats) and student lounge and study spaces. Ideally, on a typical floor, the student study spaces and collaborative learning spaces could be located along the outside wall to take advantages of natural light and views and the classrooms could be located to the interior. The MLB structure is comprised of steel columns and beams, providing some flexibility in modifying the building superstructure. For example, removal of interior columns and floor plate is possible creating large double height space to accomodate 200-300 seat theatres. Seminar/Active Learning Rooms The size and shape of one existing structural bay (i.e. no columns in the space) is the perfect size for a 20-24 seat seminar room, orientated in either direction. These rooms could be bookable 24/7 by students for collaborative group work. They could be “technologically enhanced” with a wall mounted flat panel monitor and collaborative software to promote small group work. Approximate size of each structural bay: 485 SF 30/40 Seat Classroom The size and shape of two side by side existing structural bays (i.e. no columns in the space) is the perfect size for a 30 or 40 seat (standard) classroom. A 40 seat classroom in most instances is probably too small for a technology enhanced collaborative learning space. This classroom could be enhanced with more of the standard type of technology, a ceiling mounted projector and audio/video capture for distance learning, conferencing etc. This space can work well within the limited floor to floor height of 12’-6”. Approximate size: 970 SF (485 x 2) 80 Seat Classroom (and larger) Any spaces larger than 40 seats would be a challenge due primarily to the relatively low 12’-6” floor to floor height and the structural bay size (columns). The structural bay size of 4 bays works well (refer to illustration) spatially, but would have a column in the middle of the space. If these spaces were stacked,

then a new structural system could be introduced for a column free space. These spaces should be created slightly larger to promote active learning styles such as “large group/small group” in a collaborative technologically advanced environment. These spaces would be flat floor with flexible furniture for different layouts dependant on teaching/learning styles. Approximate size: 1940 SF (485 x 4) Larger, 150 seat more traditional lecture spaces could be accommodated by restructuring and stacking the spaces with increased floor to floor heights and raked floors.




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5.2 Academic Space Test /Fit – MLT (Tower) General Approach: The tower offers a column free space from the core to the exterior wall which promotes spatial flexibility, at least from a planning approach. The “post tensioned” concrete structural system would be difficult to modify in a substantial way, so effectively limits any major structural modifications to include large teaching spaces. The small floor plate of the tower does have a major advantage for both administrative and academic uses and that is access to natural light and extraordinary views, effectively creating and maintaining a very effective connection with the rest of campus. Smaller academic spaces would fit very nicely around the exterior leaving the core, elevators, stairs, washrooms and service rooms and corridor to the interior. A major limiting factor on these floors related to assembly occupancies would be occupancy load relative to washroom requirements and the existing exiting capacities. It should be noted that the schematic shown would exceeds these capacities. Another major limiting factor on these floors is the limited space available in the building core for supply and return air. Larger occupancies such as classrooms would require mechanical air systems that would exceed the existing shaft capacities. Seminar/Active Learning Rooms The dimension from the core to the exterior wall nicely accommodates a 20-24 seat seminar room. These rooms could be bookable 24/7 by students for collaborative group work. They could be “technologically enhanced” with a wall mounted flat panel monitor and collaborative software to promote small group work. Approximate size: 540 SF 30/40 Seat Classroom The dimension from the core to the exterior accommodates 30/40 seat classrooms. Due to the column-free space these classrooms and the seminar rooms can be sized and located in many different combinations. A 30/40 seat classroom in most instances is probably too small for a technology enhanced collaborative learning space. This classroom could be enhanced with more of the standard type of technology, a ceiling mounted projector and audio/video capture for distance learning, conferencing etc. This space can work well within the limited floor to floor height. Approximate size: 960 SF (for approx. 40 seats)




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6.1 Introduction Programming is the gathering of information related to an organization – space requirements, relationships and adjacencies between departments, building use and the desired resources that will enable the University of Calgary to develop a highly efficient workplace which integrates new workplace standards in a refurbished MacKimmie Library Building. The definition of “space that works” could include such aspects as:

Flexibility & Adaptability Function vs. Hierarchy Emphasis on Team vs Individual Space Increased Mobility of Space & People Collaborative Tools & Technology Transparency “Right to Light” Cost effective operations End User Control Sustainability, Health & Safety

Stantec Architecture approached the programming phase of the project with great excitement. The Stantec Team focused their resources on the collection of data required for the design and implementation of intelligent and strategically conceived workplace solutions. Working as an integrated team, Stantec and the University of Calgary Project Team, sought the input of a number of Key Stakeholders including groups both located within and outside the existing MacKimmie Tower and Block. Through the use of a programming questionnaire and subsequent planning meetings with individuals and groups, by identifying executive support and recording long term strategies for space use on the campus, a definition and vision for the project is being developed. Much of the programming effort focuses on quantitative calculations using new space standards to meet goals for space utilization and higher education standards. Described as the “Functional Program, the documentation summarizes all shared and support facilities that would be required if the University of Calgary were to locate particular groups into the refurbished building. Considered a “living document”, the facility program is expected to grow and change as the needs of the University change providing the flexibility to allow for continued evaluation the work environment requirements to ensure that facilities development strategy is in line with your long term space utilization strategy.

6. PROGRAM (Appendix B)



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6.2 Process Phase 1 - Define Program Data

1. Define Problem, Scope and Goals 2. Initialize Program 3. Develop Data Base and Collect Data

The University of Calgary has identified the working groups it believes may be impacted by any work to be undertaken in the refurbishment of the MacKimmie Library and it is based on this initial work the programming for this project has been undertaken. Utilizing a well developed methodology for data collection and the use of computer- based programming tool the Project Team distributed the program survey and scheduled follow-up interviews. The possible end users of the new space have been interviewed to identify the probable needs of the project. The results have been documented and verified through a thorough review process. Phase 2 - Generate Space Data

1. Confirm Space Standards 2. Generate Detail Listing of Working Groups 3. Tabulate Space Summary

The University of Calgary has recently developed a new space standards strategy which identifies personnel and group space standards which is the foundation of all square footage assignments. Using these space standards, the program formulates the space summary of each working groups and through a series of reviews of the data, follow by addtional interviews and revisions, a final program has been developed. Space usage projection is an essential element in studying the future need of the particular working groups has also been identified. Phase 3 - Generate Analysis and Findings

1. Building Feasibility Analysis 2. Comparative Data Analysis 3. Adjacency and Space Distribution Analysis 4. Blockings and Stacking

The final phase of program development is the analysis and the synthesis of the gathered information in order to gain a clear understanding of the client's growth pattern and flexibility requirements, the programmer studies, compares and breaks down the data. The study included proximity between major working groups and growth projections between major groups and that of the total company. The purpose of the studies is to identify the growth patterns, review the degree of flexibility required for the project and to identify any discrepancies on the data received. The studies are useful in making informed decision regarding planning direction and on how best to allocate the spaces efficiently within the new spaces. The resulting program document includes a summary that illustrates the horizontal and vertical distributions of space using distribution tables and the blocking and layering diagrams

6. PROGRAM (Appendix B)



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7.1 DESIGN OBJECTIVES Design objectives are developed around the Vision, Principles and Strategies identified in the Campus Master Plan. The design objectives for the MacKimmie project are:

Campus Heart –

o Provide clear pedestrian linkages within the campus heart precinct including TFDL and Swan Mall.

o Enhance the “campus heart” near the Taylor Family quad by

exploiting space opportunities which enhance student life. Create a “town square” for student gathering and activity.

o Exploit Tower as a campus landmark at the heart of campus.

Pedestrian Oriented Campus –

o Reinforce the Link as a key pedestrian junction point or node

within the academic and administrative core of the Campus.

o Link facilities with existing pedestrian circulation infrastructure.

o Link Administration and Academic functions.

Sustainability –

o Reuse existing structure.

o Aim for LEED Gold

Interdisciplinarity –

o Provide opportunities for social gathering and events.

o Provide casual study space, collaborative work stations and dining area.

Enhanced Entrances –

o Reinforce and enhance connection of the Mackimmie Library

Link to major campus entrances.

o Provide a new entrance to TFDL and access to TFDL Quad (campus heart)

Indoor–Outdoor Engagement –

o Provide clear, ground level transparency in buildings.

o Provide clear, transparent articulation of administrative and

academic components.

o Locate student space at perimeter of floor space to capture sunlight, activate building edges, and negotiate the transition between the indoor and outdoor spaces.

.

7. PLANNING AND DESIGN CONCEPTS



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7.2 Site Concept Plan The proposed site plan responds to several key Campus Master Plan Objectives. The first objective is to reinforce and enhance TFDL Quad as the campus heart. The proposed plan does this with the addition of a major pedestrian node between MLT and MLB. This “town square” is a key pedestrian node providing a new major pedestrian access to both TFDL and TFDL Quad. The second objective is to provide flexible venues that encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary interaction and to design Interdisciplinary nodes as centers for academic faculties that foster an open and collegial atmosphere for faculty and student engagement between departments. The proposed plan provides major venues and opportunities in the “town square”, in the Block and ground floor of the Tower for student events, formal/informal study and socialization.




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7.3 Town Square Transparent Connector – precedent images The “town square’ will be a unique space on campus connecting six major venues on campus: MLT, MLB, MFH, TFDL, TFDL Quad and Swan Mall.




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7.3 Town Square – precedent images

Gathering Place The “town square’ will be facilitate as a major meeting and event space for all faculties and students.

Renzo Piano Morgan Library NY




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7.3 Town Square

Indoor / Outdoor Space The master plan emphasizes physical and visual connections between indoor and outdoor environments. Facades are articulated with transparent materials, while circulation is brought to the edges of buildings. Terraces and student life programs are strategically situated along southern facades to capture sunlight, activate building edges, and negotiate the transition between the indoor and outdoor spaces. The “town square” has to potential to provide this visual connection by utilizing transparent facades and by bringing the outdoors inside.




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7.4 Academic Block Student Space

Student space will include a variety of venues and opportunities for for a wide range of study environments including open space, bookable space, quite space, private space, social space and generous circulation / crush space.




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7.4 Academic Block

Teaching Space Teaching space will include a variety of classrooms and theatres designed to accommodate daylight, research, formal teaching, self learning, flexibility, adaptability and technology. University of Queensland




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7.4 Academic Block

Transparency and Visual Connectivity

The master plan emphasizes physical and visual connections between indoor and outdoor environments. Facades are articulated with transparent materials, while circulation is brought to the edges of buildings. Terraces and student life programs are strategically situated along southern facades to capture sunlight, activate building edges, and negotiate the transition between the indoor and outdoor spaces.




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7.5 Administration Tower

Work place




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Level 6a Event space A prominent feature of the tower is located at level 6A. This 6m high level could be developed as the observation level with the exterior set back from the floor perimeter and floor to ceiling clear glazing providing impressive views and an opportunity to step outdoors.




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Visual Landmark The MacKimmie Tower is located in the historic centre of the Campus. It is highly visible from distant neighborhoods surrounding the Campus and is the most dominant structure as one enters the Campus at University Gate. The location and visual prominence of the tower could be exploited as a key landmark structure or beacon signaling the “Heart of the Campus”. The tower has two significant features which could be developed to highlight the tower. The first is Level 6A which is a storey and a half high which could be developed as special event space and treated differently from the rest of the tower. An example of how this could be achieved is the Administrative Tower at the De Young Museum in San Francisco. The second key feature is the penthouse, which could be developed as an illuminated cap which covers the entire footprint of the tower. This would provide a highly visible landmark particularly at night.




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7.6 Roof

Green Roof The block roof is highly visible from the MacKimmie Tower, TFDL, Social Science Tower and the Education Tower. This large prominent roof area could be exploited for its visibility, for its accessibility, its potential as a roof top garden using drought resistant native grasses and flowers, as an active/passive recreation and study space, as a pollutant filter, for scrubbing the surrounding air, for controlling storm water runoff and for sound absorption. The image to the right shows potential for developing not only a “healthy roof” but also how it can reflect the surrounding landscape. In the case of the MLB roof, the connection to and relationship with Swan Mall is obvious. The image below shows how the building elevation facing Swan Mall could be treated as a living wall.




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7.7 Building Envelope

Tower The tower will feature carefully selected glazing extending from approximately three feet above the floor to the underside of the ceiling in order to maximize daylight penetration, but reduce solar heat gains and heat losses. All glazing will be high performance double glazing, with a balance between a low shading coefficient to minimize cooling loads, and a high visible light transmittance to facilitate daylighting. With the exception of the ground floor which will have 100% glazing, all orientations will have 35% window to wall ration (WWR) from a 3' sill height to underside of ceiling. A double façade has been explored for the tower; extending from the 7th to the top floor on the southern orientation(s), this feature reduces solar heat gains in the summer while retaining envelope heat losses and acting as a “greenhouse” to passively heat the building and preheat incoming building air in the winter. Trombe Wall (double facade) on "South" and "East" facade starts on level 7 and extends to top floor. The trombe wall is 100% glass, single glazed with interior double glass consistent with lower and North facing facades.

Link

The “Link” will be 100% glazed with a polycarbonate roof to permit daylighting and to create a visible and signature access point for the MacKimmie building and the adjacent TFDL. The polycarbonate roof will provide superior insulating qualities compared to a conventional glass roof, while still allowing the introduction of diffuse light into the commons space below. This system has a further benefit in that it reduces glare and radiant heating effects.

Block

The block will feature a combination of floor to ceiling punched windows overlooking Swan Mall and smaller windows on the “West” and “South” facades. North façade will feature 80% WWR except for north class "block" which is 0% glazing. Glass is floor to ceiling. West façade will feature 30% WWR, 3' sill height to underside of ceiling "South" 30% WWR, 3' sill height to underside of ceiling The Ground floor north will feature 100% WWR (except at north class "block"), floor to ceiling.




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7.8 Sustainability

Sustainable Design Objectives The integrated design team’s primary sustainable design objective for the MacKimmie Library Repurposing Project was to create a project that focuses on a superior indoor environment, while reducing resource consumption during construction and operation. Specific design objectives that will be achieved with the current concept design include:

Application of an integrated design process, including involvement of all primary design disciplines and University stakeholders.

Eligibility for LEED-Canada NC Gold Certification

A reduction in energy performance of 45% compared to ASHRAE 90.1

2007

Facility compatibility and alignment with Campus sustainability initiatives including integration with the new district energy and cogeneration plant and campus stormwater management plan.

Sustainable Design Features The project has aligned its sustainable design features with the LEED-Canada NC version 1.0 rating system, as a stated design objective is to attain LEED Silver or higher certification. As such, sustainable design strategies shall be listed according to the performance categories within LEED, namely site, water, energy, materials, indoor environment, and innovation. Site: As an existing building, the MacKimmie building is located in the heart of the University of Calgary campus. As such, the project is conducive to a number of sustainable strategies such as being located in a non-ecologically sensitive area, being in close proximity to multiple modes of alternative transportation including a comprehensive pedestrian network and mass transit such as the city LRT and major bus routes. By redeveloping an existing building, site disturbances are minimized and existing campus infrastructure such as the University storm water management system can be incorporated to treat and reduce stormwater run off. To further aid in the reduction of heat island effect, promote natural habitat in the campus, and to reduce stormwater run-off, a green roof is being proposed for over 50% of the building, with a white-roof proposed for the remainder. The green roof will be located on the “Block” portion of the building, where it will be visible not only from the MacKimmie “Tower” but also the adjacent Taylor Family Digital Library and other adjacent buildings. Water: The project plans to take advantage of left over process water from the district cooling system to offset potable water use for toilet flushing and green roof irrigation and/or establishment. Low flow water fixtures for lavatories, toilets, urinals, and showers will further help conserve water and reduce sanitary sewer loads, and the green roof will utilize native and adaptive plant species to further reduce reliance on landscape irrigation systems.

Energy: The facility will feature a number of energy efficient features. A double façade has been explored for the tower; extending from the 7th to the top floor on the southern orientation(s), this feature reduces solar heat gains in the summer while retaining envelope heat losses and acting as a “greenhouse” to passively heat the building and preheat incoming building air in the winter. The building envelope will feature high performance, well insulated walls, roofs, and exposed floors. Thermal bridging will be minimized. Target envelope performance values are as follows:

Walls: Effective R17 Roof: Effective R30 Glazing: Overall U-value 0.35; Shading Coefficient: 0.50 for Block and

Tower, Link SC = 0.70

The façade has been developed to balance access to daylight and views with reduced HVAC loads and energy consumption. The ground floor, facing north, will be nearly 100% glazed with floor to ceiling vision glass to permit views onto the adjacent Swan Mall while accomplishing a level of transparency between the building, its occupants, and the outdoors. The “Link” will be 100% glazed with a polycarbonate roof to permit daylighting and to create a visible and signature access point for the MacKimmie building and the adjacent TFDL. The polycarbonate roof will provide superior insulating qualities compared to a conventional glass roof, while still allowing the introduction of diffuse light into the commons space below. This system has a further benefit in that it reduces glare and radiant heating effects. The block will feature a combination of floor to ceiling punched windows overlooking Swan Mall and smaller windows on the “West” and “South” facades. The tower will feature carefully selected glazing extending from approximately three feet above the floor to the underside of the ceiling in order to maximize daylight penetration, but reduce solar heat gains and heat losses. All glazing will be high performance double glazing, with a balance between a low shading coefficient to minimize cooling loads, and a high visible light transmittance to facilitate daylighting. The façade glazing is summarized as follows: Block:

"North" = 80% WWR except for north class "block" which is 0% glazing. Glass is floor to ceiling.

"West" 30% WWR, 3' sill height to underside of ceiling "South" 30% WWR, 3' sill height to underside of ceiling Ground floor north = 100% WWR (except at north class "block"), floor to

ceiling. Tower:

Trombe Wall (double facade) on "South" and "East" facade starting on level 7 and extending to top floor. The trombe wall is 100% glass, single glazed. Interior glass is as per other elevations (35% WWR)

All orientations: 35% WWR 3' sill height to underside of ceiling. Double glazing behind trombe wall.

North ground level = 100% glazing floor to ceiling. Link:

North and South = 100% Glazing floor to ceiling. Roof: 100% "skylight" using kalwall/polycarbonate panels.

The total overall window to wall ratio based on these inputs is 41%.

The building lighting system will feature high efficiency lighting products and a sophisticated control system. The facility will utilize an addressable lighting control system such as the “Encelium” Energy Control System, which will be also connected to the building automation system. The lighting control system will include motion sensors, photocells, daylight sensors and override switches. This system will be provided for the zone switching of lighting during normal hours, after hours and daylight sensing. This will provide total flexible lighting control and also aid in reducing energy consumption. The addressable lighting control system will allow the ability of measurement of energy and usage of the lighting. The primary lighting control in the offices, classrooms and labs will be occupancy sensors with dimming via daylight sensors. Low voltage switching will also be provided in these areas as an override feature. Occupancy sensors utilized in storage rooms and wash rooms for switching the lights. The building HVAC system will be fed from the campus district energy system. The Tower plans to utilize a chilled beam system which reduces the amount of fan power used to condition the building. The Block will feature a displacement ventilation system for the lecture theatres and classrooms, and an overhead variable air volume distribution system for the remaining portion of the building. The Link will be heated via an in-slab radiant heating system, and during the winter will be ventilated by the Block ventilation system. During the summer, the Link will be passively cooled and naturally ventilated. All portions of the building will feature supplementary hydronic perimeter heating, heat recovery ventilation, and CO2 demand controlled ventilation. Design Validation Energy simulations were undertaken to evaluate the potential energy savings for the proposed design, comparing the results to both the existing building energy consumption and the LEED reference energy code. Results are in Appendix D. The results indicate the proposed design is eligible for up to a 45% reduction in energy costs compared to ASHRAE 90.1-2007; as such, five (5) Energy and Atmosphere Credit 1 (Optimized Energy Performance) points have been carried in the project’s preliminary LEED scorecard. The facility will be fully commissioned and will feature a Measurement and Verification (M&V) system to ensure ongoing operational performance and energy cost accountability and savings. Materials: The building will focus on retaining as many structural elements as feasible so as to reduce demand for resources. Recycled and regional materials will be specified to both preserve the environment and to promote the local manufacturing economy, while wood products will be sought that attain Forest Stewardship Council certification. The new building elements will be constructed in a durable manner to reduce long term maintenance and repair costs. Indoor Environmental Quality: The building will feature systems that are conducive to high air change effectiveness, such as displacement ventilation systems which have demonstrated superior thermal comfort while reducing disease transmission and associated impacts on student academic achievement and staff absenteeism. Further, the air system will be designed with a high level of air filtration (MERV 13 filters) and will contain CO2 monitoring and outdoor air control devices to ensure good indoor air




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quality. Automatic sensors will control lighting based on occupancy, daylighting, and occupant control and override. Access to daylight will be promoted via glazing that extends to the underside of ceilings, and a balance between the quantity of glazing for daylighting and the associated energy penalties for too much glass. Research and energy codes have demonstrated that daylighting can be achieved while minimizing energy consumption at a 35 to 50 percent window to wall ratio, and this project will attain approximately a 41% ratio. Views to the outdoors will be promoted via a program that promotes open spaces around the perimeter, with enclosed offices and classrooms in the core of the building. Views for such core spaces will be attained via the use of glass partitions. Innovation: As a higher education project, the facility will strive to be a showcase for sustainability and education. A digital learning kiosk and energy “dashboard” may be installed in the Link to educate occupants on the sustainable features being incorporated and to monitor real time consumption of energy and water resources. The green roof may feature a variety of plant species and roof technologies to demonstrate to various student groups the various systems on the market. One concept for the green roof includes using a “tile” system where the plants are made up of various tiles, which can allow for replacement or reorganization of the green roof, potentially to create various patterns, logos, or messages using different coloured plants and a grid pattern. If the double façade is included, the design team proposes incorporating a high level of monitoring sensors and equipment to conduct research on the benefits of such a feature in Calgary’s local climate. Preliminary LEED Scorecard Enclosed is a current LEED-Canada NC scorecard for the concept design. There are a number of credits that can be attained based on the above descriptions, with several other credits, primarily related to constructability, that will be ascertained during the design and construction process. Based on the systems described and typical construction practices, the scorecard demonstrates LEED Gold is attainable.




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7.9 Mechanical Systems

Introduction The HVAC system design concepts for the mechanical systems were strongly influenced by the existing building construction, design constraints, and proposed occupancies. In particular the existing Library Tower had several constraints that required an innovative mechanical concept to meet the comfort and sustainability objectives of this renovation.

The Library Tower is constructed with a pre-stressed concrete slab with no columns between the core and the perimeter wall. Therefore, the core dimensions are fixed and cannot be changed without major revisions to slab connections. The existing allowances for mechanical shafts are limited since the original design utilized very high velocity supply ductwork for the main risers. The mechanical systems also had to provide energy efficient operation, which would be very difficult to achieve with the high velocity, high pressure ductwork design. The existing floors also have ceiling space challenges with low ceiling heights and flush mounted lighting fixtures.

Reuse of the existing central systems provide limited energy efficiency opportunities other than upgrading to a variable air volume system. Upgrading the Library Tower to current standards required expansion of the existing washrooms to accommodate handicapped washroom stalls, new communication rooms, and new larger electrical rooms. This created pressure on the core area space allocations, since providing these rooms outboard of the core was not desirable due to vertical shaft requirements. Two redundant elevator shafts provided some of this additional space, but this was inadequate to fulfill all of the needs. It was also determined that the sixth floor mechanical floor space would be valuable real estate with high ceilings. Therefore, a distributed cooling system was determined to be the best solution for this building, which minimizes vertical shaft space requirements. It is desirable to increase the floor to ceiling height, most likely by exposing the concrete structure above. The exposed ceiling provides an opportunity to take advantage of the thermal mass of the concrete floor structure. The Library Block is a completely different construction than the Tower, with a mechanical penthouse spanning the entire building. This building was more flexible to renovations with steel deck construction and non-stressed slabs. However, the steel structure with required spray-on fire proofing is not an attractive finish for exposing the structure. This building was more conducive to classroom spaces from a mechanical perspective, as the ventilation can be provided from underfloor. The Link building currently has limited mechanical with a single multi-zone unit supplying cooling, heating and ventilation. The construction of a new Link structure provides several mechanical opportunities to provide an energy efficient structure. New floor slabs can be used for radiant heating and cooling to provide conditioning only where required, and a mixed-mode system with a natural ventilation mode can be incorporated

Displacement Air Displacement ventilation is the use of low velocity air typically at 18°C-19°C to provide cooling and ventilation of the space. Low velocity air is either delivered through floor diffusers in concert with a raised floor system, or by low wall mounted horizontal diffusers. Displacement ventilation provides excellent air change effectiveness by sweeping contaminants from the occupied space to the higher level return space. Displacement ventilation provides an additional benefit by allowing additional hours of free-cooling operation, particularly in Calgary’s climate. However, displacement ventilation has limited capacity to handle high cooling loads, so the envelope must be high performance or potentially a double façade. The Library Tower building construction does not lend itself to the use of displacement ventilation. The use of a raised floor displacement system creates many difficulties with required ramps or stair reconstruction. The additional cost of the raised floor system is also significant. The use of wall mounted displacement ventilation diffusers is possible but will require fixed overhead ductwork and fixed wall locations. The major disadvantage of displacement ventilation is the requirement for compartmental units located on each floor, which will require at least 10 sq.m. of valuable floor space. The exception in the Tower is the potential 6th floor converted space which is proposed to contain meeting type spaces. This floor has very high ceilings and would be a great candidate for displacement ventilation. The provision of compartmental units on this floor is also less disruptive with a meeting room layout.

The Library Block building provides a good application for displacement ventilation in the proposed large lecture theatres and classrooms. Displacement air is provided at low level under the seats and is very effective at providing a comfortable environment for these spaces. The new Link is also a good application for displacement ventilation due to the lower level occupancy and very high ceiling space. Displacement air can be delivered at low levels, possibly in some of the new main stair risers. This will ensure conditioning of the occupied areas and will allow some of the large empty space above to be partially conditioned. Displacement air can also be well utilized in conjunction with mixed mode natural ventilation. Exterior openings can provide the equivalent of displacement ventilation performance by allowing cool outside air to distribute along the floor.




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Active Chilled beams Active Chilled beams are a newer technology borrowing on an old concept of induction. Active Chilled beams utilize a primary air source, typically from a dedicated outdoor air system, to provide induced air into the space. The chilled beam incorporates a higher temperature chilled water coil located within the chilled beam. The primary air is blown through air jet nozzles that induce room air through the chilled water coil. This provides three times the primary airflow to increase effective room ventilation effectiveness and room air change rates. Chilled beams typically incorporate a dew point sensor and separately controlled chilled water loop to ensure that water does not condense on the coil surface. The design of chilled beams and the air jet nozzles also ensures the acoustic performance meets the space requirements, so chilled beams are comparable or better than standard ceiling diffusers. Chilled beams require a primary air connection and chilled water lines, but do not require a condensate drain. Chilled beams are quite energy efficient since the have low fan power requirement, utilize higher temperature chilled water, and require a lower air volume primary air handling unit.

The Library Tower is a great candidate for a chilled beam system due to the core area restraints and the floor space limitations. The existing ceiling can be exposed and the chilled beams mounted on the underside of the concrete at the same elevation as the lighting. The primary air ducts will be much smaller than equivalent variable air volume ductwork, which will allow the chilled beams to be mounted higher than the existing ceiling. Attention to detail on the layout of primary air ductwork and chilled water lines can provide a neat and non-obtrusive installation. The chilled beam system will not require a compartmental unit, so valuable floor space is saved. The Library Block could also potentially use chilled beams for the non-classroom student spaces and the lower floor registrar area. However, the occupancy for these areas is less controlled and may have significant student gatherings at times. This could create significant short term latent loads from people, which could lead to condensation issues on the chilled beams. Therefore, this option would be limited to office type areas located in the registrar. The Link building would not be a good candidate since the chilled beams would have to be mounted too high to be effective.

Raised Floor A raised floor system consists of tiled flooring system installed above the existing concrete slab. These tiles can be concrete or wood and are typically installed on a pedestal system to provide an interstitial space under the floor for cooling and ventilation air. This interstitial space can range from low electrical only floors that are 100 – 125 mm high to combination floors that range from 200 mm to 450 mm or more. It is recommended that an interstitial floor space for cooling and wiring be a minimum of 300 mm to provide room for proper crossovers, distribution ductwork, and equipment. Raised floor systems utilize either a displacement ventilation diffusers or turbulent flow diffusers to provide cooling and ventilation. Displacement ventilation systems have been described previously, but a raised floor system allows displacement diffusers to be easily located throughout the floor area. A turbulent flow diffuser system utilizes a similar principle as displacement ventilation but provides a mixed zone in the occupied area. The mixed zone area is up to approximately 1.5-1.8 m, with a non-mixed zone above that is at a higher temperature than the occupied zone. The majority of contaminants and high level heat loads are contained in the upper zone and do not enter the space. The turbulent flow system can handle higher cooling loads in the space. The challenge with the Library Tower building is the requirement for access ramps to the new raised floor height, or adjustment of existing stairways and elevator openings to the new floor height. The ramp solution will be very difficult in the tight floor space available on each floor, is awkward with the stair configuration, and is generally a poor solution. The adjustment of the existing stairwells and elevator openings will require rebuild of the entire stairway, new elevator openings, and a new elevator penthouse. This is a substantial expense over and above the significant cost of the raised floor system itself. However, a raised floor system will also allow exposure of the existing concrete structure, and will result in a higher floor to ceiling height. The major disadvantage of a raised floor system is the requirement for compartmental units located on each floor, which will require at least 10 sq.m. of valuable floor space.

The use of a raised floor system in the Library Block and Link was not practical with the existing building construction, the intended space usage, and the difficulty with implementation. Therefore, a raised floor system is not recommended.




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8.1 Architectural Design – Concept Images

View from Swan Mall - MacKimmie Tower, Block and “Town Square”

8. CONCEPT DESIGN



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“Town Square” - MacKimmie Link

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“Town Square” - MacKimmie Link

8. CONCEPT DESIGN



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8.1 Architectural Design – Site Plan Key to Floor Plans below

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8.1 Architectural Design – Building Section

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8.1 Architectural Design – Building Elevation

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8.1 Architectural Design – MLT Bsmt / MLB 1A

8. CONCEPT DESIGN



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8.1 Architectural Design – MLT 1 / MLB 1B

8. CONCEPT DESIGN



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8.1 Architectural Design – MLT 2 / MLB Level 2

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8.1 Architectural Design – MLT 3 / MLB 3

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8.1 Architectural Design – MLT 4-6 / MLT 7-12/ MLB 4

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8.1 Architectural Design – MLT 6A -Event Space / MLB Roof Plan

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8.2 Sustainability ( Reference Appendix D )

OVERVIEW The project is pursuing LEED® NC-Canada certification; as such, the building is required to meet Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance and are striving to achieve points for EA Credit 1 Optimize Energy Performance. The selected compliance path for both objectives is ASHRAE 90.1-2007 and the associated Energy Cost Budget methodology. For this purpose an energy model was developed in order to assess the buildings predicted energy consumption per the Building Energy Cost Budget Method in chapter 11 of the reference standard. A double façade was explored for the tower; extending from the 7th to the top floor. This feature reduces solar heat gains in the summer while retaining envelope heat losses and acting as a “greenhouse” to passively heat the building and preheat incoming building air in the winter. Three models were developed to explore this option fully; a model with the double façade located on the southern orientation, one with the double façade located on the eastern orientation, and one model with no double façade. It was found that the double façade located on the eastern orientation contributed the greatest energy savings and therefore all results described in the following sections refer to this model. The model demonstrates that as currently designed, the MacKimmie Complex achieves the ASHRAE 90.1 minimum requirements per the Energy Cost Budget Method, and further demonstrates a 45% decrease in regulated annual modelled energy costs. The current version of LEED asks for the building to demonstrate a reduction in energy cost compared to the energy cost of the ASHRAE 90.1-1999 standard. While it is recognised that ASHRAE 90.1-2007 is more stringent than the 1999 standard, by using the 2007 standard it better aligns with the University guidelines and gives a more conservative points estimate. The proposed design meets EA Pr. 2 and is eligible for up to seven (7) EA Credit 1 points. The simulations and the design are preliminary in nature; the accuracy of the simulations reflects this and are typically considered to be within ±10% of the final design. Therefore, at least two projected LEED Energy and Atmosphere Credit 1 energy points as reported in this document should be deducted from each building’s initial LEED scorecard and deemed a “maybe” until such time as a final compliance simulation is completed. Two EA Credit 1 points should be deemed as “maybes” for Mackimmie and five (5) points should be deemed achievable.

ENERGY MODEL Energy analysis and simulation can be used to estimate the energy consumption of a building based on the local climate characteristics, system choices, and geometry. The purpose of this energy simulation was to confirm the building will meet the energy requirements of the LEED Canada-NC rating system. Simulation tools bring architectural and engineering design aspects together to predict how different building components will interact with each other and the environment. By understanding the relationship between individual building components and the building as a whole, the model can estimate the energy use of the proposed building.

ENERGY ANALYSIS GOALS

Baseline/Proposed Building An energy model was developed to represent the current buildings’ proposed design. Using this energy model, each building was characterised by:

Electricity Consumption and Demand Natural Gas Consumption Total Energy Cost

Process related equipment is not covered under the applicable reference standard or LEED and was therefore excluded from the simulation. However, approximations for plug loads were made to ensure Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system loads were accurately simulated. ASHRAE (Code) Building The proposed building was analysed for ASHRAE compliance by following the Building Energy Cost Budget Method. This involved creating a separate energy model with the same building layout, and by altering the performance parameters of glazing, envelope, mechanical and electrical (lighting) systems to the minimum values permitted by the code. The annual predictive energy cost estimate of this simulation was compared to the results of the baseline building design simulation to ascertain whether the annual regulated energy cost of the proposed building was 45% less than the code reference, thereby meeting the minimum energy requirements of LEED Canada-NC version 1.0. Conclusions The models demonstrated that as currently designed the MacKimmie Building achieves the ASHRAE 90.1 minimum requirements per the Energy Cost Budget Method, and further demonstrate a 45% decrease in regulated annual modelled energy costs; therefore the proposed design meets LEED Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Prerequisite 2 and is eligible for up to seven (7) EA Credit 1 points. It should be noted that the simulations and the design are preliminary in nature; the accuracy of the simulations is typically considered to be within ±10% of the final design and therefore at least two (2) LEED EA Credit 1 energy point as reported in this document should be deducted from each building’s initial LEED scorecard and deemed a “maybe” until such time as a final compliance simulation is completed. Two EA Credit 1 points should be deemed as “maybes” for Mackimmie and five (5) points should be deemed achievable.

Table 3: Annual Breakdown of Energy Use – Proposed Mackimmie vs. ASHRAE & Existing (see Appendix D)

Annual Elec Consumption

(kWh)

Annual Heating Consumption (GJ) Energy Cost per Year

Proposed 1,693,000 1,886 $ 174,292

ASHRAE 2,809,000 7,981 $ 315,044

Existing 1,387,993 34,963 $ 391,563

Energy Cost Comparison

$0

$50,000

$100,000

$150,000

$200,000

$250,000

$300,000

$350,000

$400,000

$450,000

Current Utility Data Proposed Building ASHRAE 90.1 2007

Ener

gy C

osts

MacKimmie Design Energy End-Use

18%

40%

4%8%

9%

0%

6%

15% Lighting

Equipm ent

Heating

Cooling

Heat Reject

Pum ps & Aux

Fans

DHW

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8.3 Mechanical

OVERVIEW This system description outlines the mechanical systems proposed for the expansion of the existing University of Calgary MacKimmie Library. Its intent is to define the scope and nature of the heating, ventilation, cooling, plumbing, fire protection and building automation systems to be provided. The mechanical systems for all three buildings require complete replacement as noted in the Condition Assessment Report. Therefore, complete replacement of plumbing and heating systems provided the opportunity to update these systems to efficient designs. All mechanical systems will be updated to provide reliable and energy efficient service for the next 50 years. Codes and Standards The mechanical systems will be designed and installed to comply with the latest editions of the following codes as applicable.

Alberta Building Code 1997 Canadian Plumbing Code 1997 N.F.P.A. Codes W.C.B. Regulations Canadian Gas Code CGBA149.1 M89 CSA Standards Canadian Fire Code Local Building By-Laws

In addition to the above, the mechanical systems will be designed to comply with the applicable standards issued by:

ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers Inc.) ASPE (American Society of Plumbing Engineers) SMACNA (Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association)

The building is also being designed to meet both:

The new building energy performance will be a minimum of 21% better than an equivalent building designed to meet the Canadian Model National Energy Code for Buildings. The building energy performance will also achieve a minimum performance of 8% better than ASHRAE 90.1-2007. The goal will be to achieve energy performance much greater than the minimums, which will be verified by the Energy Modelling process.

The Canadian Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED™) Gold standard. It is anticipated the LEED Canada NC Version 2.0 will be released prior to design of these renovations, which will provide revised point matrices, new point definitions, and additional opportunities.

Design Criteria Indoor Design Conditions Winter: 21ºC, 30% minimum humidification Summer: 23ºC, maximum 60% humidity, typical 40-45%. Outdoor Design Conditions Winter: -33ºC (1%)

Summer: 29ºC db, 17ºC wb (2½%) Ventilation Rates Ventilation rates shall be in accordance with ASHRAE 62, Current Edition. Controls All building controls will be upgraded to a full DDC control system, based on the based building control contractor Siemens. All pneumatic controls will be deleted and replaced by new electronic controls that will provide substantially improved controllability for the system. Energy metering as per U of C standards will be provided for chilled water and heating water systems. It is intended that LEED IPMPV credit requirements will be pursued to provide energy monitoring and confirmation of energy performance.

TOWER Site Services The building is served by a 200mm (8”) dia. sanitary sewer service and a 300mm (12”) dia. storm sewer service connected to manholes on the mains to the East. The building sanitary and storm sewer services are cast iron piping with hub and spigot joints. A 150 mm (6”) dia. domestic water service and chilled water is provided through the campus tunnel piping system network. These services are adequate to support the renovated building. Plumbing The plumbing piping systems will be completely replaced including domestic water lines, sanitary lines, and storm water lines. Plumbing fixtures will be water conserving, good commercial grade. Water closets will be low flow, dual-flow flushometer type. Urinals will be 0.1 gallon per flush models that provide a slight cleaning affect to the urinal surfaces. Faucets will be low flow and will be infra-red activated. Sanitary and storm drainage will be provided throughout in accordance with the Plumbing Code. Domestic hot water will be generated from the hot water system by the use of two domestic hot water heat exchangers. Domestic hot and cold water will be supplied to all fixtures with the exception of the toilets. River process water will be used for toilet flushing. Heating Heating systems will be completely replaced and will generally consist of radiant panels since high temperature heating water is readily available from the Co-Generation Plant. Standard entrance heaters will be provided at all entrances. The backside of the radiant panels will be used as a light shelf element where appropriate. Two new redundant primary high temperature hot water to low temperature hot water heat exchangers will be provided in the vault. A new high temperature hot water to steam generator will also be provided to serve humidification needs of the building. Ventilation and Cooling The recommended solution for cooling and ventilation of the Tower building is an Active Chilled beam system. A dedicated outdoor air unit complete with a heat wheel will provide ventilation, dehumidification, filtration and primary air supply for the chilled beams. This unit will supply sufficient primary air to drive the chilled beams, which will typically exceed the ASHRAE 62 minimum values. LEED recognizes that exceeding ASHRAE minimum values by 30% can increase the

overall ventilation effectiveness. Providing a larger ventilation unit will also provide the University flexibility for program or space use changes. Active chilled beams will be located throughout all typical office floors and will be supplied from a tempered chilled water loop. The chilled beams will be mounted on the underside of the concrete structure as tight to the underside as possible, generally at the lighting elevation. Primary ductwork and chilled water lines will extend radially from ring mains located in the central exit corridor to provide a neat installation. The 6th floor area will be provided with displacement ventilation compartmental units. Displacement ventilation diffusers will be located in the meeting room walls to provide cooling and ventilation. High overhead returns will return high level heated air back to the compartmental units.

The new envelope should either be a high performance envelope or a double façade. The ideal envelope would be a double façade with motorized exterior

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window shades located in the interstitial space. This solution allows the window shades to be protected from the wind and prevents the majority of direct solar gain from entering the occupied space. The MacKimmie Tower allows the provision of a double façade system without requiring separate framing, which may make the system economical. The double façade will be ventilated by low level operable dampers and a relief fan at the top. Pre-heated outdoor air will be directed to the makeup air system in the winter. The intent of the new envelope would be to provide operable windows to allow occupants the access to fresh air. It is also intended that some of these openings be motorized to allow a night purge cycle to take advantage of the concrete thermal mass. Calgary’s climate is ideal for use with a high mass building to save operating energy. Night-time temperatures are from 10 to 15 degrees C cooler than daytime highs. Cool air at night will be used to flush the building and store cool within the high mass slab, ready for the next day’s operations. The daytime thermal flywheeling of the mass within the structure will be recharged by using the operable windows to drag cool air through the facility at night. The system will be automated to prevent overcooling of the facility or simultaneous heating and cooling. Chilled water will be provided from the central chilled water plant with cooling coils and chilled beams sized for high temperature differentials. The University of Calgary standard control valve and metering detail will be used for this connection. Fire Protection A new fire pump will be located in the basement of the MacKimmie Tower building to serve the entire facility. All three buildings will be considered as one building for the purposes of fire protection. The Siamese connection will be relocated to the front NE of the Tower building adjacent to the front entrance. Sprinklers will be provided throughout the building as per NFPA 13. New fire extinguishers located in lockable cabinets will also be provided throughout as per NFPA 10.

BLOCK Site Services The building is served by a 150mm (6”) dia. sanitary sewer service and a 300mm (12”) dia. storm sewer service connected to manholes on the East side of the building. A 150 mm (6”) dia. domestic water service and chilled water is provided through the campus tunnel piping system network. These services are adequate for the new expansion and may be reused. Plumbing The plumbing piping systems will be completely replaced including domestic water lines, sanitary lines, and storm water lines. Plumbing fixtures will be water conserving, good commercial grade. Water closets will be low flow, dual-flow flushometer type. Urinals will be 0.1 gallon per flush models that provide a slight cleaning affect to the urinal surfaces. Faucets will be low flow and will be infra-red activated. Sanitary and storm drainage will be provided throughout in accordance with the Plumbing Code. Domestic hot water will be generated from the hot water system by the use of two domestic hot water heat exchangers. Domestic hot and cold water will be supplied to all fixtures with the exception of the toilets. River process water will be used for toilet flushing and irrigation of the green roof areas. Heating

Heating systems will be completely replaced and will generally consist of radiant panels since high temperature heating water is readily available from the Co-Generation Plant. Standard entrance heaters will be provided at all entrances. The old steam generators will be deleted and two new redundant primary high temperature hot water to low temperature hot water heat exchangers will be provided in the vault. A new high temperature hot water to steam generator will also be provided to serve humidification needs of the building. Ventilation and Cooling Ventilation and Cooling Two displacement ventilation units will be provided to serve the lecture theatres and classroom spaces. These units will be 100% outside air and will incorporate a heat recovery wheel. Displacement air will be distributed through stair risers in raked classroom areas and through low level wall diffusers in flat classrooms. Two conventional variable air volume units will provide ventilation and cooling to the student and registrar areas. These units will provide for occupancy loads in these areas that may have significant variability. Typically these areas will not have high outside air percentages, so a standard mixed air unit will provide good performance.

Chilled water will be provided from the central chilled water plant with cooling coils sized for high temperature differentials. The University of Calgary standard control valve and metering detail will be used for this connection. Fire Protection

A new fire pump will be located in the basement of the MacKimmie Tower building to serve the entire facility. All three buildings will be considered as one building for the purposes of fire protection. The Siamese connection will be relocated to the front NE of the Tower building adjacent to the front entrance. Sprinklers will be provided throughout the building as per NFPA 13. New fire extinguishers located in lockable cabinets will also be provided throughout as per NFPA 10.

LINK Site Services Site services for the Link will be connected to the Block area where required. It is not anticipated that site services will be required for this area. Plumbing Plumbing will not be required within the Link area. Storm lines may be required depending on the final roof configuration, these will be directed towards the Block building and connected to storm. Heating The Link area will utilize radiant heating in the new slabs, since this area will be reconstructed as part of the proposed renovations. Standard entrance heaters will be provided at all entrances. Heating water for the Link will be provided from the Block mechanical room. Ventilation and Cooling The Link area will be served by radiant cooling in the slab (based on a switchover system) and a displacement ventilation system located in the occupied zones. The design intent is to use “unused” ventilation air from the Block building to provide part of the outdoor air supply to the Link Area. A damper arrangement and carbon dioxide monitor will allow the unit to reuse this ventilation air or draw directly from outside based on energy efficiency. The building is being designed to utilize a hybrid natural ventilation system. When the outdoor air temperature is conducive to ventilating, operable louvers or windows will allow cool outside area into the Link. The displacement ventilation system will be augmented by the use of these openings to introduce ventilation and cooling air into the facility. In order to assure that openings draw air into the Link regardless of wind direction or location, openable louvers and fans will be designed for the Link area. The negative pressure developed within the Link will promote a positive airflow from the openings, through the Link, and out the relief openings. It is also intended that some of these openings be motorized to allow a night purge cycle to take advantage of the concrete thermal mass. Calgary’s climate is ideal for use with a high mass building to save operating energy. Night-time temperatures are from 10 to 15 degrees C cooler than daytime highs. Cool air at night will be used to flush the building and store cool within the high mass slab, ready for the next day’s operations. The daytime thermal flywheeling of the mass within the structure will be recharged by using the operable windows to drag cool air through the facility at night. The system will be automated to prevent overcooling of the facility or simultaneous heating and cooling. Fire Protection A new fire pump will be located in the basement of the MacKimmie Tower building to serve the entire facility. All three buildings will be considered as one building for

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the purposes of fire protection. The Siamese connection will be relocated to the front NE of the Tower building adjacent to the front entrance. Sprinklers will be provided throughout the building as per NFPA 13. New fire extinguishers located in lockable cabinets will also be provided throughout as per NFPA 10.

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8.4 Electrical Overview

The design goals are to provide electrical systems that provide flexibility, adaptability and accessibility so that the building can accommodate a mix of activity types within each floor area for both the present and future needs. The electrical systems presented will be designed so as to facilitate cable replacement, renewal and removal as the needs and activities of the users and departments change over the life of the building. The selection of the electrical systems are also based on the following goals:

Project capital budget. Design creativity, excellence and innovation. Energy efficiency to achieve low operating and maintenance costs while supporting the facility function. Reliability and continuity of electrical systems. Capacity for future modifications and extensions.

The electrical systems design will comply with the following applicable codes and standards:

All laws, ordinances, rules, regulations, codes and orders of all authorities having jurisdiction relating to this work. The Canadian Electrical Code, CSA Standard C22.1 and the applicable building codes. All equipment will be CSA approved and ULC certified.

Primary Electrical Service

The existing U of C primary electrical distribution is at 13.2 kV and is fed from two Enmax Substations. Each existing building is fed in a ring main loop configuration with 350mm teck cable with a maximum loading of 50 percent (%) so that either side of the loop feed can be loaded to carry twice the load in the event there is a fault on either side of the loop. These ring main loops are run in the existing tunnel system. The existing services to the Tower and Block are old and past their expected life. There are also serious safety issue concerns with them. The existing services will be removed and replaced with new services in new larger electrical rooms. Tower New switchgear will be provided for the Tower which will include a new four switch 13.2kV switchgear and will be located in a new main electrical room that will be located in the basement. Two new dry type 13.2kV-347/600V, 2000kva transformers will be provided and will be set up as a double ended switchboard configuration with a normally open tie breaker. The 600-volt switchboards will be rated for 3000 Amps for the Tower Block and Link New switchgear will be provided for the Block and Link which will include a new four switch 13.2kV switchgear and will be located in a new main electrical room that will be located in the basement. Two new dry type 13.2kV-347/600V, 1500kva transformers will be provided and will be set up as a double ended switchboard configuration with a normally open tie breaker. This will provide redundancy in the power service. The 600-volt switchboards will be rated for 2000Amps for the Block and Link General Both of these new switchgear will be incorporated into the existing ring mains in the tunnel.

These switchboards and will be complete with drawout breakers for maintenance and operational ease. The 600-volt switchboards will be divided into two sectors, connected by a tie circuit breaker for each of the new services. Each side of the switchboard will be fed by one of the two step down transformers. This will provide reliable power in the event one transformer/feeder was to fail. Secondary feeders will be taken from the unit substation switchboard to the distribution panels located throughout the building. Digital Power metering equipment will be provided on each side of the 600-volt switchboard and will be tied to the campus monitoring system for maintenance troubleshooting and energy management activities.

Power Distribution All the power will be distributed throughout the building from the 600-volt, 3 phase, and 4 wire switchboards located in the basement electrical rooms in both the Tower and the Block. Tower In the Tower, from the main 600V switchboard, there will be three 347/600V bus duct risers. One will be for floor 1 to 6. The second will be for floors 7 to 12. The third one will be for the mechanical equipment. Each floor will have a 347/600V distribution board which will be fed from the bus duct with plug-in type fused switches. . These 347/600V distribution boards will then feed 347/600V panelboards for lighting and 600-120/208V transformers for all the 120V and 208V power requirements. 120/208V distribution boards will be from the 600-120/208V transformers in each floor electrical riser rooms which in turn will feed all the panelboards to serve all the 120V and 208V loads for the theatres and classrooms plus all general housekeeping receptacles, incandescent lighting fixtures and 120V and other 208V equipment. A 800 Amp, 600-volt feed (wire and conduit) will be run form the 600-volt mechanical busduct to a 800 Amp, 600-volt distribution panel in the mechanical penthouse to feed all the mechanical equipment and the elevators. Block and Link In the Block, from the main 600V switchboard, conduit and wire will be run to a distribution board which will then feed each floor electrical riser room 347/600V distribution boards. These 347/600V distribution boards will then feed 347/600V panelboards for lighting and 600-120/208V transformers for all the 120V and 208V power requirements.120/208V distribution boards will be from the 600-120/208V transformers in each floor electrical riser rooms which in turn will feed all the panelboards to serve all the 120V and 208V loads for the theatres and classrooms plus all general housekeeping receptacles, incandescent lighting fixtures and 120V and other 208V equipment. A 400 Amp, 600-volt feed (wire and conduit) will be run form the 600-volt switchboard in the basement electrical room to a 400 Amp, 600-volt distribution panel in the mechanical penthouse to feed all the mechanical equipment and the elevators. General To reduce the arc-flash energy level, a breaker will be installed on the secondary side of all distribution transformers. To aid in the reduction of harmonics on the distribution system, all the 225 kVa, 600-120/208 volt transformers will be phase shifting harmonic mitigation zigzag transformers. All the plug-in bus ducts on all the floors will have double neutrals. This will eliminate harmonics at the transformer on each floor thus preventing any harmonics being introduced on the feeder risers and into the existing campus distribution. Further, all mechanical equipment fed from variable frequency drives

will incorporate in line reactors to eliminate any harmonics caused by the variable frequency drives.

Emergency Power A diesel fired standby emergency generator set rated at 500 kVa, 347/600-volt, 3 phase, 4 wire will provide emergency power to life safety equipment such as fire alarms, emergency lighting fire pumps, communication and security equipment. Also, it will be used to provide emergency power to standby loads such as building basic heating systems (freeze protection) and one elevator. Automatic transfer switches will provide transfer of loads to the generator in case of power failure. There will be two transfer switches. One will be for life safety equipment and the other for non-life safety equipment. The emergency generator will be located outside in a exterior sound attenuated enclosure and a skid mounted fuel tank.

Lighting The lighting levels will be designed in accordance with the recommendations of the Illuminating Engineers Society (IES). The following lighting levels and lighting power densities will be used as design guidelines:

As an average 1.0w/sq.ft can be used for both the Tower and the Block. For the Link 0.5w/qs.ft. can be used as an average. The above design lighting power densities a minimally 25% below the requirements as stipulated in ASHRAE 90.1. Lighting fixtures will be selected based on visual comfort, energy efficiency and color rendering. The primary goal of the lighting design is to provide an overall energy efficient system which will comprise of efficient fixtures, lamps and controls. The majority of the lighting will be energy efficient fluorescent utilizing T5 lamps and electronic ballasts. This is a cost-effective solution in terms of initial capital cost as well as operating costs and provides higher color-rendering lamps at no cost premium. All fluorescent ballasts will be instant start, high quality and high power factor. The typical light fixtures in offices, labs and classroom spaces will be linear direct/indirect suspended fluorescent fixture. Architectural decorative luminaires will be provided in the public open areas.

AREA

MAINTAINED LIGHTING LEVEL AT THE WORKPLANE (FOOT CANDLES)

LIGHTING POWER DENSITY (W/SQ.FT)

Corridors 7-20 0.4 Lobbies, Stairs, Storage, Elevators 10-20 0.4 Work Circulation Areas/Toilets 20-30 0.4 Computer Rooms 30-50 1.1 Classrooms 30-40 1.2 Offices 40-50 1.0 Lecture Theatre 30-40 1.2

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Two lamp strip lights with wire guards, T5 lamps and electronic ballasts will be used in all service rooms, janitor rooms, and storage rooms. The lecture theatres will be lit with a combination of recessed fluorescent fixtures, compact fluorescent pot lights. The lecture theatre's lights will be controlled by a dimming system lighting control system which will allow preset light switching for different modes of light levels. Where practical, LED fixtures will be utilized for both interior and exterior lighting. Incandescent lamp sources will be minimized and used only where absolutely necessary. The primary lighting control in the offices, classrooms and labs will be occupancy sensors with dimming via daylight sensors. Low voltage switches will also be provided in these areas as an override feature. Occupancy sensors utilized in storage rooms and wash rooms for switching the lights. LED illuminated exit lights at all building exits and as required to provide exit guidance in accordance with the Alberta Building Code. Partial interior lights will available while the building is on emergency power. The facility will utilize a addressable lighting control system such as the “Encelium” Energy Control System, which will be also connected to the building automation system. The lighting control system will include motion sensors, photocells, daylight sensors and override switches. This system will be provided for the zone switching of lighting during normal hours, after hours and daylight sensing. This will provide total flexible lighting control and also aid in reducing energy consumption. The addressable lighting control system will allow the ability of measurement of energy and usage of the lighting.

Grounding & Lightning Protection The grounding system will consist of a ground grid made up of 4-20 mm x 3000 mm copper ground rods connected together with 1-#3/0 bare copper ground wire. From this grid a #3/0 ground wire will be run to a ground bus located in each of the basement electrical rooms The grounding resistance for the electrical power system will have a maximum resistance to ground of 5 ohms. A wall mounted 6 mm by 50 mm and 1 m long minimum copper ground bus will be provided in each electrical room and in the main electrical service rooms. The ground bus will be located in the back of the room. The ground bus will be interconnected with the ground electrode and ground bus in the switchboard as well as the lighting conductors and water pipes. A separate communication ground bus will be provided for the communication and this ground bus will be connected with this main building grounding bus. A central grounding system will be provided for all switchboards. All grounded busses from switchboards, transformers, and panelboards will be connected at a central ground bus in the main electrical room. A separate green ground wire will be provided for all circuits.

All transformers, switchgear, motor control centres, and panelboards will be grounded back to the basement electrical room ground bus. Lightning protection will provided for the building. The system will consist of air terminals mounted on the perimeter of the top of the building and ground conductors from the air terminals to ground rods to provide a path for lightning current to travel safely to the ground.

Voice and Data Systems There will be a main communication room for each of the Tower and the Block. These will be located in the basement of the respective buildings and will serve as the primary location for all data/voice entrance cables coming from the tunnel system, backbone distribution and server locations. The rooms will meet all codes and standards outlined by both the University of Calgary and the EIA/TIA 568-A. Cables entering from the tunnel supplying both voice and data links will consist of a 200-Pr. Sealpic/Aircore ATMM voice cable originating from the Administration Building, and two 72 Single Mode cables coming from the Math Science Building and ICT Building respectively. All backbone cable will originate from the main communications rooms located in the basement. For all data applications, 24 Single Mode Optic Cable will be run to the Communication Riser rooms located on each floor and patched into an ADC Fibre Optic Patch Panel. For voice applications, 50-Pr ATMM Category 6A cable will also be run to each Communications Riser room and punched down in either a BIX or 110-Style frame. We feel that these cables will provide the flexibility needed for this building coupled with the support for all present and future applications that may arise in the years to come. Each of the Tower and the Block will have Communication Riser rooms will be located per floor and vertically aligned. Each riser room will have 3 x 4” sleeves located between riser rooms. Extending from this area will be a vertical ladder tray that will connect to a horizontal cable tray for distribution within the riser room. Data and telephone cabling will be proposed Performance Category 6A. Each cable will consist of (4) unshielded twisted pairs (UTP). Together with EIA/TIA 606 and the University of Calgary standards, voice and data jacks will be clearly identified using labels. In addition to this, there will also be a AutoCAD drawing of each floor located in each communication riser room for identification purposes and a clear understanding of the voice/data layout. Offices and work spaces will be provided with (2) tele/data outlets located on opposite walls to allow flexibility of equipment location. Classrooms and theatres be provided with tele/data outlets as required. Wireless access points will be provided throughout the building for complete wireless access in the entire building. Cooling will be provided for the equipment heat loads in the all the communication rooms. Dedicated emergency power receptacles and a signal ground will also be provided in each of these rooms.

Fire Alarm System The buildings will be provided with an addressable multiplexed, two-stage, multi-zone, supervised, annunciated fire alarm system. The system will have addressable manual pull stations, automatic smoke and heat detectors, monitor modules for sprinkler flow and tamper switches, speakers, horns and strobes. An emergency, one way voice communication system and a firefighter's telephone system will be provided. A pre-programmed voice message module (U of C standard message) will also be provided. Manual pull stations will be installed within 3m of all exits and 60m on centres within the building. Smoke detectors will be provided in stairwells, elevator shaft, elevator lobbies, corridors, telecom rooms, and electrical rooms. Duct mounted smoke detectors will be provided on all re-circulating air handling equipment in both the supply and return ducts. A fire alarm annunciator will be installed at the main building entrance. A direct link through a twisted pair cable will be provided between the building fire alarm control panel and the campus fire monitor station. The elevator controllers will be connected to the fire alarm system so that the elevators will return to floor of egress or to an alternate floor in the event of a fire alarm. Magnetic door holders will be provided on fire doors that will normally be held open and released upon a fire alarm. Magnetic door hold devices will be combination hold open/closer type. Control modules will be provided to cause mechanical ventilation equipment to shut down or to function to provide required control of smoke movement. The fire alarm system will have its own built in back up battery emergency supply. The system will be supplied with a printer for hardcopy logging of all alarms and troubles. A separate fire panel approved for suppression control will be provided to monitor and control a pre-action sprinkler system in the main electrical Room. This fire panel will be compatible with the main building fire alarm network. The fire alarm system will have four (4) levels of monitoring:

Priority 1 – Fire Priority 2 – Alarm Priority 3 – Supervisory (sprinkle tamper) Priority 4 – Trouble (fire alarm trouble)

The fire alarm will meet barrier free codes.

Security System Card Access and Door Alarm Monitoring system will be provided throughout the facility on doors where required by a User program. The Card Key and Door Alarm system will be based on a computerized, easily modified system for facilitating the various Users needs. Any additional security measures of more critical building areas such as CCTV, will be provided for the Users in a local area on an as needed basis.

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8.5 Structural

Overview

The McKimmie Library Tower, Block and Link represent three distinct structures due to differences in their original design and construction. The Tower structure is largely able to accommodate a multitude of uses and occupancies while meeting current building codes, but is limited in flexibility with respect to modifications of the existing structure. The Block is similarly able to accommodate a multitude of uses and occupancies to meet current building codes, but is somewhat flexible in accommodating revisions to the existing structure. This may include removal of some columns and floor slabs to created two storey spaces, and relocation of stairs and elevators. Finally, the Link is a much smaller structure that has negligible additional capacity to accommodate revisions to use and occupancy, revisions to the structure, or to meet current building codes.

Tower The McKimmie Library Tower consists of primarily cast-in-place concrete construction. Concrete floor slabs span over concrete beams and joists, which in turn span from perimeter concrete columns to the interior concrete core. This interior core contains the elevator shafts, concrete stairs and mechanical shafts. This central core also provides the lateral load (wind and seismic) resistance of the structure. The perimeter columns protrude beyond the edge of the floor slabs, and taper from larger columns at the base to smaller columns at the top of the building. The concrete construction and the limited number of vertical load carrying elements in the Tower limit the potential for significant structural modification. However, this is largely compensated as the lack of columns does leave an open floor plate that allows flexibility for architectural and interior design. The Tower’s original design loading for a typical floor slab was 7.2 kPa (kilopascals), which is equal to150 psf (pounds per square foot). This is a relatively high loading that was due to the use as a library, and the high floor loading that results from stacking of books. For comparison, a typical design loading for an assembly use is 4.8 kPa, and for administration and office areas a typical design loading is 2.4 kPa. Additionally, it has been proposed that the existing pre-cast concrete exterior panels be replaced with a lighter curtain-wall system. This combination of factors serves to decrease the expected vertical loading on the existing core, columns and foundation piles for a re-purposed Tower when compared to the original design. This reduced loading is important when investigating the lateral stability of the Tower under seismic conditions. The lateral stability of the Tower is provided by the concrete walls that form the central core. Seismic design requirements as specified by National and Provincial design codes have increased significantly in recent editions, and are currently much more stringent that was the case during the original design of the Tower. Increased lateral loading on the Tower structure translates to increased loading on vertical structural elements (columns and core walls). Of particular concern are the foundation piles. The foundations are the lowest load-bearing elements in a structure, and as such vertical loading is compounded to its highest degree. Additionally, foundation piles are very difficult to access should any reinforcing work be necessary. A preliminary lateral stability analysis of the Tower indicates that the increased vertical loads due to seismic loading applied per current building codes is offset by the reduction in gravity loading due to revised use and occupancy and a lighter building envelope. The only seismic upgrading of the Tower structure currently identified would be strengthening the lowest level of the core

walls, from the basement level to the underside of the main level. This could be accomplished by either application of external steel bracing, or placing of an additional thickness of concrete adjacent to the existing wall. There is potential that the decrease in vertical loading on the Tower structure as described below may actually cause the structure to rebound from the soil. This would be realized as an upward vertical movement of the structure as load is released from the soil at the foundations, and the soil elastically returns toward its pre-loading location. The actual extent of this rebound would require further investigation at the detailed design phase. However, it is not expected that the overall rebound value would be a significant cause for concern. Of more concern would be the potential for differential rebound. This may be caused by a non-uniform reduction of the loading. This could then cause adjacent structural members to move differentially and cause local structural damage. The best way to accommodate this would be to conduct a carefully sequenced demolition of heavy elements, particularly the existing pre-cast building envelope. The demolition would be sequenced such that the reduction in load occurs uniformly across each foundation pile. The Tower has a structural steel framed mechanical penthouse on the roof level. This penthouse could relatively easily be modified or re-constructed to accommodate new mechanical equipment installed with the re-purposing of the Tower.

Block The McKimmie Block structure consists of structural steel beam, joist and column framing with concrete floor slabs. The current lateral load resisting system of the Block consists of rigid frames formed by the beams and columns. The structural steel construction will allow for simpler and more cost effective removal and replacement of structural members. The proposed re-purposing of the Block includes some significant structural revisions, including removal of existing stair and elevator shafts and removal of some columns to allow for larger classroom areas. As discussed above with regards to the Tower, the Block will also be subject to higher lateral loads due to seismic events as specified by current codes when compared to the original structural design. This will likely require an upgrade to the lateral load resisting system. It is proposed that this be accomplished by installation of structural steel cross-bracing. This cross-bracing would consist of relatively slim steel members, which would have some flexibility in its layout and location. The bracing may be placed at the Block’s perimeter, forming part of a new building envelope, or placed within interior walls. The interior walls at the large lecture theatres and the mechanical shafts are likely locations. This upgrade of the existing lateral load resisting system would allow for the removal and relocation of elevator and stair shafts, as their lateral stability properties could be made redundant. The existing shafts could be infilled with a typical floor slab structure to become useable space.

Generally, columns can not be removed from exisiting buildings as the resultant span between remaining columns will increase, often to double the initial span. This requires an increased floor beam depth and strength. Additionally, this applies a higher load on the remaining columns and foundations. The removal of columns for the large classrooms in the Block is made possible by two primary factors. The first is the reduction of the design live load on the floor slabs due to use and occupancy. Similar to the Tower as discussed previously, the Block was originally designed for a relatively high live loading of 8.1 kPa. It is expected that this may be reduced to 4.8 kPa for academic and student areas. The second factor is that the large classrooms will essentially be two stories in height. This would result in the removal of large portions of the existing second and third floors. Therefore, the longer spans resulting from the removal of some columns are generally offset by the combined reduction in live load and floor area. However, removal of the columns will require replacement of the floor beams, both to accommodate the increased span and the slope of the classroom theatre. From preliminary analysis, this is expected to be either a steel beam or truss, approximately one metre in depth. Refer to Figures

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8.5 Structural (cont.) The removal of columns without increasing the load on other adjacent columns and piles would allow for structural revisions to the existing superstructure, without the need for work to the existing pile foundations. This will allow the lower levels, and large areas of the upper levels to remain untouched, reducing the demolition and new construction scopes. The proposed new classrooms extending beyond the east face of the Block are a significant increase the existing protruding structure. This area would require significant new construction, including new pile foundations. However, this work would be more easily achieved in this location as it is at the perimeter of the existing building, allowing for excavation and drilling without significantly impacting the main Block structure. Similar to the Tower, the structural steel mechanical penthouse could be relatively easily re-constructed to suit new mechanical requirements.

Link The proposed re-purposing of the McKimmie Library structures includes a significantly revised link. The existing two storey, structural steel framed link is designed for a 4.8 kPa live load due to use and occupancy on level 2, and for snow loading on the roof level. The ground level is a concrete slab-on-grade. This configuration does not allow for additional capacity in existing members and foundations to be realized by reduction of live loads as was accomplished in the Tower and Block structures. Significant additional capacity would be required to achieve the proposed vertical expansion of the link to match the height of the Block. Therefore, it is likely that the existing link will be removed and reconstructed in its entirety, including construction of new pile foundations. Due to the desired transparency of the new link, it can be expected that the new construction will consist of structural steel, which generally allows for a much lower and slimmer profile than concrete. New construction of the link could easily accommodate seismic design requirements of current building codes. As discussed in the Block above, it is proposed to relocate the elevator currently in the interior of the Block to the Link, at the perimeter of the Block. Elevators generally require specialized foundations. As foundation work is very difficult within an existing building, it was deemed that relocation of the elevator to the link area would allow for the necessary foundation to be constructed.

8.6 Elevators Recommended and Required Upgrades RECOMMENDED UPGRADES (LOW PRIORITY) - SHORT TERM (24+ months) a) Car cab renovations - The elevator cabs of all units appear to be original and are in poor to below average condition. Car cab interior renovations will be required within the next 2 to 4 years. Total cost: $200,000 Required Upgrades – long term (5-10 years) NONE Recommended Upgrades (high priority) – short term (1-2 years) b) Code compliance - voluntary upgrades - The existing elevators meet the applicable code under which they were installed; there are no outstanding mandatory retroactive code upgrades required at this time. There are, however, several features that the existing elevators do not have that are required on new elevators and installation of these devices is optional:

(1)Hall door retainers and fire gibs; (2)Car door restrictors.

It is recommended that these devices be installed on all elevators where necessary to ensure that the highest possible degree of safety is maintained at the site. Estimated cost $60,000 (plus taxes) Recommended Upgrades - (1-2 years) Control and fixture upgrade - Traction Elevators The existing control systems for all of the traction elevators is the original open-looped VVDC-MG relay logic based system that can be maintainable for the foreseeable future. This type of relay logic system is very maintenance intensive. Leveling accuracy of elevators with this type of control system can only be guaranteed to within +/- 3/4" under normal operating circumstances. The existing systems will provide inconsistent leveling as the system ages, regardless of normal maintenance routines, and problems will likely worsen as the expertise available in the industry to adjust this type of system becomes more and more difficult to source. The current dispatching system also utilizes mechanical relays and contact or coil failures are very difficult to troubleshoot. Plans should be made to upgrade the traction elevator control system to newer microprocessor based, closed-loop control systems. This would include replacement of controllers, new VVVF motor drives and AC motors, refurbishing of machines, installation of auxiliary braking devices, installation of compensating devices and load weighers, and replacement of hall and car fixtures with vandal proof barrier free compliant devices. The benefits of such a modernization would include: guaranteed floor leveling accuracy to within 1/4", smooth, step-less acceleration and deceleration, reduction in unscheduled shutdowns and malfunctions, reduction in waiting times for hall calls by 25 to 50 percent. Estimated cost $1,400,000 (plus tax) for all traction units

Tower The budget should be in the range of 450K per unit for a major upgrade, including all machine room controllers, refurbishment of gearless machines (or replacement with newer AC machines), new fixtures and cab interiors, new door operators, and all new wiring per UofC spec. Pricing would include new 3-phase disconnects and fire alarm panel tie-in’s. These would be regenerative drives also with potentially a good amount of power savings and reduced cooling requirement in machine room. To change the elevations of entrances (mechanical raised flooring option), the budget would have to be increased 100K per elevator with a minimum to a maximum of 200K if the machine room floor would need to be raised also. Would have to add approx 3-4 weeks per car for this work add on (total 15-19 week per elevator). Pricing would include all new doors and hall entrances and door locks. Block There is a need to have a minimum of 2 elevators, with one being a minimum of 2500-3500 lb’s for stretcher capability. May want both elevators close to each other So if one is being serviced (or just out of service) the other can fill in. Suggestion would be 1-2500 pound passenger traction elevator and 1 - 4000-5000 pound service traction elevator. Budget would be (not incl structure costs).

2500 lb – 350K - time to install 12-14 weeks 4000 lb – 400K - time – 13-15 weeks 5000 lb – 425K - time – 14-16 weeks

8. CONCEPT DESIGN



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draft concept design report university of calgary

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