Slide 1

H.M Bilal(2013-BT-MECH-125)Bilal Liaqat(2013-BT-MECH-105)

Presented to:Shahzad AhmadOil & Gas

What is Oil & Gas.? Oil & natural gas are naturally occurring chemicals that are made up of just two elements Carbon & Hydrogen.

How Petroleum is formed.? Petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms are buried under the sedimentary rock & subjected to intense heat & pressure.

Oil & GasDrilling:

Drill is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut or enlarge a hole of circular cross section in solid materials.

Drill Bit: The drill bit is a rotary cutting tool.

Drilling & Drill Bit:

Offshore drilling: It is a mechanical process where a wellbore is dilled blow the seabed.

Onshore drilling: It is a mechanical process in which wellbore is drilled on land.Types of drilling:

Identify where the oil is.

How to Drill a well:Rent a rig for yourself.

Drill a hole.

Run a casing & cement.

Run your completion.

Drilling Rig

Fluid system

Cement

Drill string

Casing

Completion

Select tool & servicing required:

Bit Cuts or crushes rocksMotor Orients the bit in the desired directionRotary Steerable: Orients the bit in the desired direction while rotating.

Drill String:

Drilling fluid, known as mud, has several different functions essential to drilling an oil or gas well, including

Subsurface pressure control

Cuttings removal and transport to the surface

Suspend solids

Helps suspends weight of the drillstring and casing

Lubrication & cooling of the drillstring & bit

Wellbore stability

Transmit hydraulic energy to downhole toolsDrilling fluid:

It is a large diameter pipe that is assembled and inserted into a recently drilled section of a bore hole and typically held into place by cement.Casing:

Casing Material: Stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, fiber glass.Conductor Casing

Surface casing

Intermediate casing

Production CasingTypes of casing:

Prevent contamination of fresh water well zone.

Prevent unstable upper formations from caving in and sticking the drill string.

Provides a strong upper foundation to use high density drilling fluid for deep drilling.

Isolates different zones that may create difference in the pressure called zonal isolation.

Seals high pressure zones from surface, avoiding potential for blowout.

Prevents fluid loss or contamination of production zones.

Provides internal bore for smooth installing production equipment.

Purposes of casing:

Protects & seals the wellbore

Isolate fluids from moving between formations

Isolate unstable formations

Plug off unwanted wellbore

Cement:

A typical primary casing cementing job follows the basic procedure described in the following sections:running casingcirculating mud by rig pumppressure testingpumping wash and spacermixing slurrypumping lead slurrypumping tail slurrydropping the top plugdisplacing slurries and plugs with fluid checking returns.Basic cementing procedure

Cementing jobs are usually performed with the following equipment:

bulk equipment for storing and mixingcementing pump unittreating ironsmixing systembatch mixerfluid tanksliquid additive systemcement heads. Cementing Equipment:

Conductor casing cementing

Surface casing cementing

Intermediate casing cementing

Production casing cementing

Types of Cement Casing:

Conductor casing cementing

Surface casing cementing

Intermediate casing cementing

Reduction casing cementing It is the process of introducing cement to the annular space between the well bore & casing or to the annular space between two successive casing stringsWell Cementing:

To support the radial & vertical loads applied to the casing.

Isolate porous formations from the producing zone formations.

Exclude un-wanted sub-surface fluids from the producing interval.

Protect casing from corrosion.

Resist chemical deterioration of cement.

Confine abnormal pore pressure.Cementing Purpose:

Formation pressure:The pressure of the fluid within the pore spaces of the formation rock.

Hydrostatic pressure:The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid.Types of pressure:

Energy Consumption in Domestic SectorEnergy Consumption in Industrial Sector

Energy Consumption in Transport SectorSectoral Energy Consumption:

33In Pakistan two types of companies are present:

Expatriate Companies

National CompaniesOil & Gas E & P companies in Pakistan

Expatriate Companies:

In 1909 it was formed by name Anglo-Persian Oil Company.

Renamed as British Petroleum in 1954.

3rd largest Oil & Gas E & P company in Pakistan.

Fields located at BADIN in SINDH,MIR PUR KHAS & KHIPRO.

Oil production is 9541 bbl/d.

Gas production is 225 MMcf/d.

British Petroleum (BP)

Formed on Feb 10,1953.

1st European offshore gas company.

Fields located at KADA WARI,BADRA & BHIT.

Oil production is 340 bbl/d.

Gas production is 338 MMcf/d.

Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi :

Formed in 1956.

Largest Oil & Gas company among central Europe.

Fields located at SWAN & MIANO.

Oil production is 94 bbl/d.

Gas production is 519 MMcf/d.

Osterreichishe Mineralol Verwaltunh

Formed on Oct 1,1991.

One of central Europes leading Oil & Gas company.

Fields located at MANZALAI,MAKORI,MAMI KHEL & TAL BLOCK.

Oil production is 2483 bbl/d.

Gas production is 63 MMcf/d.

MOL Hungarian Oil & Gas Public Limited Company

Formed in 2001.

Largest Mining company of world.

Head quarters located at Melbourne & London.

40990 workers in 25 countries.

Field located at Zam Zama & Dadu.BHP Billiton

National Companies:

Formed on March 4,1961.

National industry of Pakistan.

Fields located at Qadir Pur,Pirkoh,Sadkal,Dhodak ,Kunnar,Tandu Alam & Punj Pir.

Oil production is 41,397 bbl/d.

Gas production is 904 MMcf/d.

Oil & Gas Development Co-Operation Limited (OGDCL)

Formed on June 5,1950.

Discovered Gas at Sui in 1952.

Fields located at Sui, Adhi, Kandh Kot & Mazaran.

Oil production is 5060 bbl/d.

Gas production is 830 MMcf/d.

Pakistan Petroleum Limited:

Formed in 1957 as Esso Eastern incorporation.

Fields located at Mary Gas.

Gas production is 3.5 Tcf/d.

MARY Petroleum Company Limited:

Formed on Nov. 25,1950.

Took over Attock Oil company in 1978.

Fields located at Pariwali, Joyamari, Manwal, Bhulain, Pindori & Balkassar.

Oil production is 6333 bbl/d.

Gas production is 35 MMcf/d.

Pakistan Oilfields Limited:

Service Companies:

Formed in 1956.

Worlds largest services company.

It has 87,000 employees in 80 different countries.Schlumburger:

Formed in 1924.

Worlds second largest services company after Schlumburger.

It has 57,000 employees in 70 different countries. Hali-burton:

Formed in 1948.

Worlds 3rd largest services company.

It has 50,000 employees in 100 countries.Weatherford:

1 Barrel158.9 Litters1 Litter1000 ml1 Barrel42 Gallons1 Gallon3.78 Litters1 MMcf10,00,0001 cf0.01926 Kg1 Kg51.92108 cfUnit ConversionsPetroleum Units:Gas Units:QUESTIONS???Thank You