drugs and consciousness understanding different types of drugs, how they alter consciousness, and...
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Drugs and Consciousness
Understanding different types of drugs, how they alter consciousness, and
lead to addiction.
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Psychoactive Drugs
• Chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.
• Psychoactive drug use leads to a buildup in tolerance, as well as physical and psychological dependencies.
• Not all psychoactive drugs are illegal. Like…
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Some misconceptions about addiction
• Addictive drugs quickly corrupt everyone.
• Addictions require therapy to overcome.
• You can become addicted to any pleasure seeking behavior.
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• Use a drug (caffeine, to stay awake) → Tolerance (no longer have same effects from 1 cup of coffee) → drug abuse (drinking 3 Red Bulls before noon) → dependence (cannot stay awake without the Red Bulls) = ADDICTION
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Withdrawal
• A substance specific disorder when an addict stops using a substance
• Can cause mood swings, physical pain
• Intensity depends on the person and the substance
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Chemically - how do drugs affect us?
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How drugs “get in”
• Drugs interact with the brain (and “get in”) in 3 ways: 1. imitating neurotransmitters and preventing them from
working normally. “Fools brain” into thinking it’s real» example: heroin and marijuana
2. telling brain to constantly release a neurotransmitter – usually dopamine » example: cocaine and meth
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How drugs “get in” (cont’d)
• 3rd way – blocks neurotransmitter from connecting to a neuron– Example: curare, botulin causes
paralysis by blocking ACH
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The normal neural exchange
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Drugs and neurons
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4 Classifications of Drugs
1. Depressants
2. Stimulants
3. Hallucinogens
4. Opiates
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Depressants
• Calm neural activity and slow body functions.
• Alcohol, barbituates, opiates
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Stimulants
• Speeds up heart beat, breathing, etc. Reduces fatigue temporarily.
• Elevates mood• Caffeine,
Amphetamines, ecstasy, cocaine, nicotine.
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Crystal Meth
• Excess of dopamine = feelings of euphoria
• Chemicals used in making it eat at bone tissue (including teeth), and destroy neurons in the frontal cortex
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Meth Mouth
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Hallucinogens
• Distort perceptions and provide false sensory images = hallucinations.
• LSD, marijuana, psychedelic mushrooms
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Opiates
• Relieve pain and produce feelings of euphoria
• Include opium, morphine, codeine, heroine, methadone
• Come from poppy seed• If abused produces most serious
withdrawal symptoms
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Heroin addiction
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Heroin Addiction
• MOST difficult withdrawal • Body organs will shut down• Addicts need to be in detox – use
methadone