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Barghouti, I. (1988) 'Palestinian Americans : socio-political attitudes of Palestinian Americans towards theArab-Israeli con�ict.', Working Paper. University of Durham, Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies,Durham.

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",ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the proparollOn of Ihi, 'tudy I h"~~ h.d lh••"i<lance of m,n}' indiv;du,l,and ,n.l1lul,OM. Rcg,ell'bl\' r 'm "noble 10 "arne ,he nUmerOuS individual., inpartioular tho« in !he United St~l<'. who wo.. willing to l~kc lho lime 10 complete'he que"ionnoirc

A, fOf in"'tullen., lhe followinl Ihould be n.med: Najah National Uni".",;'j',"'hcro I 'e,eh, f,,< granting me « ••arch I••ve; ,he Fulb<ighl Founda,;on, for [inanoial'uppor! making thi, .1udy po"ible, ,he Soc;Dlogy D'p.rtmcnt, City Unive"ilY of NewYork, Graduate Center, for providing , conscnial .[rno,pho,., nccc....y fae;liti ••, anda place to work; ond {inolly, ttlc "'fOb Siudie. Sodet}'. J.,uSJlem, for (,an,luinS partsor the study and for typing up the manuseript.

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2 t MAY 1997

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements

;

IntroduCtion

,,

The Polc,';n;'n, in the Unhcd SI.'C'

PaleUini." American••od lhe Pal."'ne Qn"'ion

The Exlcm,l he'o" which influence ,he Arab[",eli conniel and {he altitud.. orPal."i"i,n American> toward. 'hem

,

"

Conclu';on

Bibliography "

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I:>lTRODUCTION

Til. "lIdy of 'be I'o.le'"I1"'1I CO"'IIlIlIl"'.' b" " .peeial i"'PC>rlall.e bcc:IlI"" or,b. condition. ill whiob cbey h.~. h~.d ..nce tb. <>c<:ulI'I,lon of th.i, hO"'.blld nd,h. C$1Il>li,bmolll of ,be I..a.h Ual. Tlli• .;oo<cquell,ly, h", led '0 "0 nodll' or"alell'lIian. f,olll ,h." bOlll.I"...d •

Palu,ioia .. ..,.io,y i. 'he 0 ..1) 0 , .. Ih. wocld .-h".e em;lcall" fll,m ,b. _;orlI'Ilt or ,heit .... ic'y. Thcoc ."".c tic ..0' allow.d '0 ,.,,,'. 'II ,h.ic hotll.I"ndlIo••~e' ,h. ,i'n1<ion m;lY ohan•• "lid ...lIu.~cr IIOlilical 'nnibili,y· 'h.y ,110•• fOtIhelll. Ihi. ·n•• ibilily· m.a.... fiUl of aU. lb. lbandoomcrll of lh.ic ,i.h. to t.lll,n.The sTlldy of P,I.."n .. n C<l",mlln",e, ba. ue.p,io",,1 imlIOtla ..ec a, Ihi. bi"o,inlIll.e wh.,e .... Io"iai"...... $Catebi". fo, " u"nul ide.. 'i'y alld ,h. ,i.hl 10 .""bli.h,h.i, ,ndepend.n' 111<0 Til••mil,.. ion of 'n hi,btlla .. or aa lIal"'''. for e..mpl •.doc. nOI m•• n ,n any e"ealO&,aoec" Ih. dinalll,ioll ar 'he I,i.h 0' ,be Ilihan " ...11111 fo, Palcllioi"n" i, i. " ,h'Ul '0 the P"te!linin nalio"al ,d.II"'j". flllll .. Illdnll'en.... a .... hole. Tlti. bnok ,I baled on ..adlnl' of li,.,,,,",o llbolll P"lellioi.n•• nd A,ab. ,n 'h. Un,'.d SIOI... C<llltull .... ilh "'''n)" Palc"illian Am.,;e"n, .ndrundlm..... lly oa ,...uoh ,b.. w" e,,';.d ou' nn 'he Pa'."in;.n Ametl.an. dU'ill',he ~.a, 191)/16. ,n which Que"ion .." •• wer. dl,,,ibu'ed .mon. P.lel'in;n.tell,e,eO\;OI' <rOlS-••• ,i ..n of ""i'"de•. Tbese p"le"ini.n. hail from 1I11 Ilarll or 'heUni'cd Salel, mainly r,om N.,,' Yot~ .nd Wa.h,nlton ,n Iho EUI CO'", .ndC.lifo,nia ;n Ihe Wc,t, Minne,o,. and Jllino;. in 'h. Nor'h .nd T."", FlOrid. "ndl.oui.;.n. in the SOUlh, Th;. "udy on.ly,., 'h • •oeial, .conomic .nd pol;t;eolb.ckl,ound of Iho.e who p.t1ie,p.ted in ,he '<lea,ch .nd 'he effecl of lh;'baekBround UPl'n ,hei, ..,i,udo. 'owa,d, ,h. r.le"ini.n p,oblem .lId 'he ~o,iou, ,nd,el'led upeo" of 'he ".e"ion ()f in uhimate re'olUl;On

Thc p,o«n, re,oaroh i. of paromoun, imPl'rl.ncc in .0 r., DO il i. ,epro••n,a'i,"or ,h••i'u.,ion of ,h. Polut,n,an peollie ., home 0' ab,o,d. 11;1 .ert.inly ""nle,h.. ,ueh $llldie. h,vo 00' boon m"de or the on."od-.-holf mi[l;on PIJes.,nian, whoeu".n,ly rorm ••;,eabl. prol'cJrlion of Jord.n·, IIOIlUI"';OIl, 0' of lb•• pprol;m3lcJy300.000 P.lellinian, Ii~inl io Knwarl, in .pit. or Ihe he, ,b.. ,h.y h.v. lh. hllm.n.nd ma,erial ,.1IIu.ee. 10 C<lndlle, .neb &1l1die. Ind 'bey ho~e u,iliud lh. eC<lnom;epow..... hieb ,h. hlenin;ao.· l.bon, b.. pto,ided. Ade'lUle and 1IIuod "eademie.e.u..,h h., "0' "ecompanied 'he illvol~emeo, Or Ih. Pdoo,ini.u in lhe ,0,e,n",ion,1POlili.,.l .'CO., nOr bao any in-deplb 1llldy t>c.n proPll""d 10 .n.w., so.... o( lheQues'io... ,b.. ro.m ,he eo'e of ,hi. ,n~ol~c nt. Political dcci.ion. bay. been ....deen".ely wo.. ,.na>..>ly ..-i,hau' (.... 'h.....h' d Hiom. prov.d f.be by .,pe'i.nee

To da,••be elcKe.ll ''',dy or .h, b,ee' .1. condu•••d 011 'be hi.." .. ,...Ame,i...n. by Eli"s T ....... io 19'1, (Olilled I'tl1~.It.,tt.ru It, A_rictt..l Uo(.."uo:Ucly. ,1&eo..eu,,",ioll npoll ,b. edtt.utcd P.I"." .. i.... in ,It. USA did .0' mol<c ;1 a,ep'.lCn,.,,~. "lHIy••i"ee lb. di.p""IY lM:,w.en p,;,,;lel.d cline••nd ,b( Ilr,elyin" lind ..... i_ilIi'.ro'. "'"-' C1pcei.lJy ,n lb. Tlti,d "'o'ld, '" well_klOw.Tb chum u;.11 ,n lh. USA belw.", ,h. academically Qu,lified hl••"n.....•••• 'ed in l.eroll~. Il'ofcuion. ud ,heir I... ronun.,. coIllPl1l11iol1- Thi. II.dy""elltlll1 • .....•• """,preb.n.i". ro' ......"'b,"cinl ., ;. doc. ,be vI,io". elann.d.I.,milled by 'bo .O"i.1 .od eoooo"'ie 11.'''. of the ,.di~idll,l... TIt. P"I.lli., .que";on.d undo. ,bi...udy ,.oBod f.om le.de.. i.. and ••"d.nts 10 work dbu.;I1."''''....

Th;. &ludy i. o( 'Olliell ...nifieanee nol ooly fo, ;1$ eho;ee or ubjce, bUl 1100beC'llu,e " come. or • ,;m. wben ,b.....eall.d ·Am.tiean 1IIIII,ion' '0 ,he iuue of ,hePale$linian p,oblem i.of eu".n' ill'''<&' 10 political ob<c,~e.. III o~.. Ibe world Th.1'.lellin,"" community in Am.r;el 1C,~c. U a brid•• OYO' 'h. chum 'b,ouib itsIYmbolie .ilnifi.,nee 10 'he 'ellliu,;on of lhi••0lUllon The I'al .... n;.n community ,nIh. USA i. ,ainin, more POlitie.l we"h' .nd importance beeau•• of lhe man~ ne'"Plle&1i~ian ;mmilconl.. 1l i, lhe bille" P.I.,liniao eOmm"O;t~ o."ide ,he A,.bWotld and of a 1'C0, .eielllific and m"'eri.l w.ilh!. The r.I.'lini,n p.ople .nd ,he"i&Suc arc now", , erc."oad•. The IIl1dy of Pole";n;,n pOli,ie.1 ",,,.de•. "'helher in

,

Ih~ h..mcbnd or ..uII,de, i. ~ ••111>11 ;UDe ~"d a 1)0""" ,o,"ud. ,h. 'ilh, f»;.h ..bic,,".he I'aln,illiaM ,bo.. l<l (olioWI' 10 ob,.i" ,b.;, ,ililn

Thi. llU<ly il ,be .....n imPQflu, beea"", or .he I.c~ of ."ch .,ud,.. "a ,beP:l.lcsliniu Ame,iall" Apart fro... ,be u"dy c,,"dueled by Elias Tum... '.0 ,ub..dcmOJ,taphic I ..d _ial ,'udi", cIIII<lItC••d by Riy;od M..........·cre Pllblilhc<! ill ArabICin ,he ""'lui". ",,'rl/l"" AI/orr•.' 0'10., .. "dies hve bcen .arried Ilu' A'OM ill1<0<f11 ""' ,,",ional b,ui. 0' of Mu,li", or Ch,i.,;,,, Af1M on .. ,eli.;".., t i .. Th.""were s,udi•• of ,he ,.,;<lulS of a p.rticulU ei,y Or "al. 'lOch I' OU,oi, 0' em"ran"from .. putieula. PU' of hil1",;,"l PoICll1nc lih Ram.ltoh

This .ncar." aim. 10 idcnlif~ ud dC$<:ribc ,b. m.in .ocial '·uiahl.1 llOOi.\class, ,elision. od"cl1;oll.1 "a,,,, Illd dc'tec Of imila"on) wh,eh d.'or",i", ,heun;'udc. of Polcllinbn Amoricon. ro"" ••d. rhc A'ab·I 1i eonflie, II foeu ••• On rneceonomic and .oeiol condilioD' of ,ne P~teSliniln Am•• ican. and on Inci, POlitical and'OC,.l in"irurionl in Ih. USA. Of cou'sc Ini. holll' to c1uify born lh. l.nc••1 ~llirude

of the Pale"inian. rowuds .ndina lh. iHenlc in Ihe aroa and rh. ulum.nlaliv.,.Iar;on.hip be,w••n rhe Pal.SI;nian, inlid. Ind ouuide hi.IO.icll PaI'Il'n. Fa, rhi.«lion ir i. indi.pen,.ble ro Sludy rh••el.. ioMh'p ber ....... ,h. dirr ••ent soci.lwa.i:>ble. ud pOlirinl .u',ud.. "."'u,s. rh. d,rr..ent JOlurionl luu,"ed fo, rhePal •.,i.;"" p.oble and p,oposed ..... n. or bfl"ti", .bnu, .ueh IOlur;onJ. ond al"" ro,,"dy orh......u Juch II ,he .nirDd. of rh. '.lar;"iaa, ro .....d. ,he A••b CODorri.,...d ,o...ard. I~' ''''0 .... ;0. polir;col po ....". ,~. SO"'.r UoiOft IDd USA....hich have.he K.ure, illnnue. io 'he ro.ioo.

II liar v..y u,y 'a Clrry 0.' ,neh • ".dy_ TIIue "'e.' ....y ilI'«....people pc.i.lly ....00. rh. old _. ond ..0....0. and fa. ,toetll '0 fill up rhlIues'''''o i« ..... a b;1 p.oble", ...h,.h collld oor be dooe .i,too", .bc h.lp of o.h••l-Ano,h« p,ohl.", ."ieh h.d ro b. ""''''0'''' ......hll or I.DIUOIC: rh. 1I••,,,oon:>,,•..... ••iueft io EOllis" and m.onl peopl. rboulh. 'hll rh.,. kn•• Enlhsh. as i, .. oOeof rb. coDdi,ioos rOt ob";O;OI A",eriCl" elli h,p; bu. I:>r•• ir "'.s discoH••d rha,'hcy ei.h•• did no, know .It. la"IOII' 0' ,hcy k how '0 ,pe.k i'. bUI "0' ro .tad.nd ... il.;t. This m.d••h.m ..ali...b., 'h.~ kn.w only common lIu.".on, ,ueh II"Who i, thc Am~.iCl" p••,id~n," wbich is nt~d in lh. rclr for Amed••n ."'zen,hipTh. laoBoo.< w., 3D o~·u.clc ... hich p••v.....d many f.om .n.....;..1 ,b.queuiODnni ... Ano.ho. h'l p.oble", ;0 cOlleerioB d••••boUl rlto .irlial,oo ond '!liludeof rhe Pal.lriniln. in Ameri......, fca •• unc ..di .. ! r••• The PalOllinian who I;.., inhi, homeland is af.aid of Ih. 10,,<1; .urho.i,ies. On....ho lives in In A.ab c..unrryf..I, ofroid or 1..001 .. well a, or .har Arab eoun •• y. On....ho livcl ;n Ame.ic. r,clJ.f.:>id of Am.riol. rh. "'.. b counlfiel ...d 1....1 It i.:> pol,r;cal f.., or Am•• ioan ••rhe 10~••nm.nl Ind rh. FBI, ,It. Am•• ican Zionist lobby .nd 'he Jewish bu,;ne"man.It il .1'0 economic r•• r: lh. r or th. Ame.icon ineomc ". lu,ho".i., whichp.e~.oll • p.le"'niln f.om on' in' • quesrion .ebl<d ro hil ;n«lm.. Aoolh.,...""n rOt nO' In,w.riol qualion••clu.d .0 i".om. is rCl. or orb.r peopl.·s .nvy,.problem which .IS li",ila.ly enco.nte••d hy .he EIYP"'" rese.reh•• Abdo E1Kholy...h.o be ••Ole: '\0 r.~ •• Ihis quellioa of '0,,1 runily ioca",e "'IS .h. moal diffi.ull0•• 00 wh;~" '0 oh•• io a rQP00SC: ir .... 'lI.h a co_soc or ,ospieioo 1,,"1 """'••<spond.nu rdused 10 cooperue i. <ompl.r;nl .he io ••r"'e."

Th••e ;1 .1so .h.r could be coiled oocial r•••• l"ales1LII'u'S fCl' of hi, o.aco",patrioll- H. does nol •••, :>oyGoe. cspcei.lIy bis ow••clu,vcs. la tao... hi.pri ........ rr.i ... i. pa.licull ••• Ile tlon.ioo of Ilis """;111 "allll- lnro.mllioo ,.bou."om.1I •• olso co"sid•••d p.inre. A respe••abl•. yo.ol••dIlCl'cr1 Pal••tto,... ill his.birt'es .ho,",cd hi. di'loSt wheo h. ro..od Ihll lbe 1I".uiono."~ ioclodcrl lO",clI.es.io,," .bonr "'0"'.0. 'W. b.v....oulh men .0 ask: he <lid. Hc liv•• in Pucno" ioN... Je".y .. toe •• b...dred. of Pola""'.n, .t. Iivio.. ltoonoe•. i...cld;r;on .0 poorkno..l.da' of Eo,li.h. ",.de i, dirriculr for m.ny peopl••0 ...d.urand rh. P.ope•••sponse '0 ""m. of rh. idioms included i" Ih. qu.uionOlir... Fo....",pl•.•h. word•...demio· ..... UndC",oo<! by .om. p.opl. IS ,h. mcre kno ...1cdle or .udina and""rilina_ This .dded .u•• complicarioll' '0 ,he collccrioo of rhe du•.

Th....... allO a ,.aup af pcoplc ... ho ...... (ob,ide.ed Pal.sriniln Ame".,o.""h ... how.v••••• rUled ro adm,r .hi> f~cr. for .h. ",e•• 'e••on ,har 'hey ..... e born in

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" ..... i.a of fo«i,n """he.s. They "c•• ",oSlly hom Soli'" America ud al_'<Galpln,lf """,;I1..d iOl0 A ,in. lOCiCll "'. ""'..Iid.fed an .1ooK .ho ..... bat..;n hi..o.i~l "ol<'IIOc or who child.e.. of Pale"ini, ... "'ith A1l\C,icao nationality.31 ,.lC1.,nlu Ame"••n•. B..,. numbe. of ,ho,. whO come inlo .his CllCSOry refused10 nn,we' the que.tiono.i •••.

011•• , dirricuhic. "cr. also r'.cd '0 ,h. cone.tioo "r i"formUion abou. lheu,;'ud.. of ",lnti,un Am.,in.... The '.l..linn fn' of ....iuu "'IUers i. du. '0,he many """,pi",.,o. "'Ide ",,'u, ,he ... Over 'he ru.... Whea ,he ' ..ponden, reels"'C"", he 111lfs 10 on...·., 0",11, mO •• ,han i. required. ThOle i. al.o .he problem ofdl1covcrins ,he number or Pale.,ini.n. in the USA be.'u,e tho•• "'''0 arc '"Iill.r.d in,he Ame,i.lO ;",mi,'I,ioo dep>T'mentl U I'.'es,ini,ol ioelude ooly '~OI. 'O'llO'VIO'"from .he GUI Strip. O,h.r 'oI..,i.;.nl >Te re.il'e,ed e".11 uode. 'he Olme of 'Ilecoun"y where hi. pOl.pon .u i....ed Un,il 1199 III elO","nl< hom 'be Middle EaSt_e'e lil'ed "' •... I;onl· ;n ,~. US immi.ruioo reoOrds. "'rlbt ".re '.Sille'ed ... i'h lheT~,kl ~ndcr 'h. ,itlo 'T~rkl in Ali.' L.'e, 'hoy "'c'e o.lled Syr;UlI. Now thehl"'inions ••• ,.siller.d under ,h. name of 'he ooun"y 'hey eO"'e f.om. lDOinl,f.om Jo,don, boo .lso Lcblooa. Sy,ia .od Isra.l TIte ,.lel,ioi... Commuoi,y i. ,heUS'" dou 00' h ... 11r001 soc:;01 IOd pol"ical ","blilh••ots 'hroua" which COolI.,010 be m.de wi,h 'h.m, m.~io. " ,... , difficult '0 ,..oh lOuy of ,h.l!!; ..,me dubtand .orr•• ~o ..'" w.r. of,.n the only means to do ,0.

... n ,h••bo...·m.n'ioo.d ,usoal make i, diffieul, '0 elli",a,. 'he truo aumherof ,.le.. i"'10 ... """ic..... It .....lwlY. bee" 10 .'bl',".y I"CU d ,his IO:tde i•• 1......' imposs,ble '0 U,imlle ,he oumber of oopie. or ,he Qu..';o i.. tcqllitcd '0....k. ,h...mple ,ho,ouShly ..p.eocn..'i.... Eli.. Tum. ellima••d ,he ollmber or'aleuini.n Am.rie.n, ., bet .....n 10.000 to O"r '0,000.' It has been reponed by ,hora1c"ine lnSti'u'e of S,.,is,ie.' ,hOI thi, n..mb., i, 110,000, While in ,h. P.1''''oi.oSII""ic.1 "btu.c' ,h. number h•• be.o ...i"'"ed ., '00.000." au, R'yld M>OlU'cs,im:lIC1 ,heir ollmbe. 01 s.4,,10 "0,,1 1976.' ne oomber of ""<li"inl oll"ide Arabc..... ntr'CI bU beeo es'i.... t.d a. 175.000.1 TakioS io,o COJl$ide'UiOo ,hc (sCI .hl' ,hem.jo,i'y nf the,. Ii'e in ,he US.... while a .mlll n..mber Ii... io E.. rope Ind " ..II.. lil,.nd lome Ire in Lui" Ametic•. one c.n dcd .."e ,h. I ,he "umbe, i, Ipp,o.im.I.ly100.000

A"o'~" dirric~hy "b,,=b ...c heed '0 d..id'..... ,h. a~mbe, or ,he Pales""illliin 'he USA i. Ihlt Ihe lOtI,,,, do a... , ..Ilc elc.. l)" who arc 10 be conl,dered Pales,iai.nAm.rie.".. COUld ,h. 1use numlK. of IlUdenl. who hold. lempo,uy ll ..d.nt ~iu beeo~n,"d •• p.I.lliniln Am•• ic.n,1 0' only tho,e who ~""e Americ.n citizen.hip 0' 0

G•••o Ca.d?We hue .I,••dy IIId ,ha' 'be da'a a" wbich ,he presc'" study,. hued ....

""UeCled 'bro....h • q ....,.;o"o."e «"1I1ated .11 o'er ,he Un;led s,.'eI. no o.oolen ...ered ,he ques'ionn.i .., of whICh 'Om. 1000 copi•• "'CI••en, o~t. Thi.queStion ...,i,e WIS m.ln' 10 "'..... '.1<'... 1 ••p.ell of P.lel,i"i." Amcrie.n ooli,ie.l."i'..d'l. 1, ,00l;S1ed of O"r 60 q..ellion. cov."a& .eoeral blck..,ound ioformuion(,eliaioo. soc:ill ,i,,,"'oo....imilllioa la,o "me';<:In SOC,ety Ind soci.l aod poli'iellbeliefs and opioio,,1, espeeillly r.... 'dio. ,b• ..,Io'ioo of Palcs,;oe probl.m). n ••esul,s ..... p,o<I~ccd lad .nalyocd by compllle'.'o ,hese r.'Ulll .hould be obje";"

Tanl•• 19S1M>n.ur. 19101 and 1910bElkholy, 1966. (IT ..m., 19'1, 2Q..oted i. Tu..... 19'1. 3"LO Coo""l Bu'.... of S.u'"i... 1919Mans.. ,. 19.0•• 105Slid. ".d.. I(

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I

•I. THE PALESTINIANS IN THE UNITED STATES

1I1.'oTY

Siooo lhere hn nOl been On independent Pale,,;.i." enlil~ for m'0l" monryeors i, is nol po"ible '0 .peok Obout • purely Poleuin;." immig,otin" to the UnitedS"'e' or to 00\" other pl,ce in the world. II is .1'0 difricull to Bive 0 .pccific dore forthe beginning of Anb ;mmigra'ion to the United S,o,es, which beg•• during Onom.nmle of the Arab I.nd•.

The Pale"ini.". forn' • minority of th, inh.bi"n" of United StOle'. Odor<1948, when 0 lot of Pol."ioinn, emigraled a, • T.,ult of the founding of the ".to ofIsrael. lhe number of people <migtOllag from lheir coun<ry w"' "cry low, os. r •• ul, oftheir rcl.,;vely Bood oconnmic conditions, which were in cOntr." to the neighbour;n.Arob countri.$. "1m of Syrian" Ei\'p,;an, 'nd o,her Arab. and non-A,ab, pouredinto Pol.'tln. to work. Thu,. the ma,n rC"on behind Pote..;n"n immigration 'e theUSA W3< polit'eol. which i$ ~ ,nol;V. unlike man of the oth.r A,ob 'mmigT:lllon,.Palest,nion moss Immillra,ion began after 1949 wllfn th.y becam....Iel.". Afler theannu.,ien of 'he Wen Bank '0 lord.n nnd ,h. beginning of the admini'lr.,ion of 'heGata Strip by Ellypt. Pal.l1inlan immlgr.,ion included not only lho•• Pat.stinion, ""ho...yod within the border$ of ,be" eounlry. bUl al,o th. Pal ••tlnlan. who migrated '0Ih. neighbouring countri., which becom. ano,her Itarting point for [urthcrimmigra,ion. Poverty in th.,. eount,I •• and I.ek of opportnni'''' dro.. thou.and. ofPal... iniao, to ,he Arob Golf .t.t••. Europe .nd ,he Unl,ed S,al.'. Then the WJ! ofJone 1961 aod tho Israel, o<cupOlian of the <on of hi,tor;e.l Pal.stln. g.v•• newimp.tn, to immigration. In the ouiet p.riods b.tween the fr.qu.nt WOlS in 'he MiddleEo.t. immigration look place fe, econemie rea.Oo' and ma!!ly from poor "od ro,.1...... particularly from th....a. that ar. now call.d lh. West B.nk a.d the GataStrip. Th... regions had ,emained outside 1,.,el before 1967 and ar. 'he pnnrestPal.stin;.n n ....

hi, !Oken for ~ronled th" imml~r",ion f,om One country to .no,h.. i, ,reluh ef posh fa<te<l from the fi"t country and .1Ir.et;ve e1.ments in the eountrie,emigrntod '0. Since 'he hostile element' .,. av.ilabte wherever the Palc!!ln;.n, are.whether in billorie,1 r,te"in. or in olh« Ar.b countrie•. the .m3Cti~e elenlen"doeide the form. the mann.r .nd the e~tent or the Palestinian mi,'.tion to theirde .. ;ootion country. The United SIO'C' w"'. and ,till ;$. to a great e~tent fa, thePate.tinion, living outside i'. the land of opportunities and the land of 'milk .ndhoncy·.

The firS! Arab. who emig'OIed to the US we.. Ch,ist;an Sy"'.'. boe.u,ethey were rel31ively more w.,terni..d than Muslim•. and thei, Ilea IV., a centre formany type. of mi"iona,y .<,ivi,i." the,e mi"lonarie. were eon«nt,ated in ",mePale.tinian ore... p.rticulorly in R.m.tl.h where ,ever.t .cademic rel,giousI..titution, lV«e e't.bli.hed ,uch os Birze" colle,e and the 'Friend,' .ehO<lI·.'·Mo,lem.' interest ;n em;gfOt;ng to Ameri<. COme much 100er bee.... they featedlo,;ng their religion in. counlly dominated by Ch"st;an,',' The Mu,lims eame ar,..the Chd.ti.n, and more cautiou,ly beeau,e ,hei, «Iillioo h.. more antip.thy toward.weSlern Christi.o .oeiet;e" At.o. Chd"ian emigr"ion wos .timutated by lhe Ottoman,npp,e"ion of the non·Mu.lIm, in the ore", uver which lhe empi.. e~l<nded.

Most of thos< concerned with the Palestini.n. and the "'lOb, in the US tend todivide rate<tinian immie.. tion to the US inlO different wave, which depend ba.icallyon poli'ic.1 event. In gener.l. Ihe divl,ion is hc,wc<n lh'e< wave" the firsl before1948.•nd 'hc founding of ,he .t3le of I..ael; ,he second hetween t9~1 and t967; .ndIhe thl,d aftcr lhe 1967 wor when I,..el occupied the [e:lt of Pale'tine and other ""ablond,. Ailhoullh most of lh. I',testin;.n eml,rants, p.nieularly 'he carly .r,iv.l$, tothe US Come for wo,k. m,ny of the new emig,.nts e.me a, ",udents .nd rem.inedafter completing thci, education.

The Pate,'ini.n Communi'y in ,he US is "ilt reta'h'c!y .m.tL bu' eonst.n,lygrowinll. Althou,h most P.le"ini.n, eonsider ,hei, immi,.. tion to the US to betemporary in order 10 eolle01 lome money .nd '.en relu,n home. eOnlta,y. fa, eumple.

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•'0 .121».00.... Clti.<~ "'d Je,",'Osh .m',nt'ao",' reI mo.' OrleJI 'Iocy _D4 In .heir lifetltore. Tit. ,"nu or Pak.,l.iIO. uod Arlbs ia,o ,b. US i. 00. ,I..." 11 • COUlan\r'" ~CI"K ii, i. Iu.ely 10y.,ocd by .......d ..... conditions of ca«J '0 lb. Us."""<leu ",",".ra"Oll 1o~ ..,d '",,,1.';0111 s..mclimco rorm ••,u! 01)<1201. '0,m""BUIIOD.. Solu"oo c qoicll.lj' ["uOd io ...do< '0 leI round 'hUe llhSl.clcs.. 10diff.r,o, Am.,ien cili I """.10' of Pale.lioi ..... Ind Atabs who d•••,ibc:d 'be ""r'hey Ir,i ••d '0 Ameri ••: .ome of ,be... ,,-ca, '" South Am"'ici in Ihe belinolns. aDdyea.. laler wco' 10 'he US; some, who Of. in ,h.i, ' ....nli ... m,rr,.d "'omen in the;'70s and ."'or. to 'he i"'mi.,UiOD deportment ,h'l 'hey could DOl !ive w;,hou, ,he;'win.; othe" 'cou(lled lb. ,iZh' of politi ••1 Il~lom without know,,,. the "'.~nins nfit; ond th....<0 ill.S.1 immis,.nl' who It•• f.. id of ••pulsion, Each "m. by hi./h.,Own W'y. but fOt the I.m. «.,on: 10 .orn mon.y .nd impro~. ,h.ir II.nd.rd or li~;ns.

Only 0 f.w succ••d.d in ••hi.~ins th.i, 10.1 .nd ,h. m.jo,ily live ;n • SlU. or.on,inuins mi •• ,y,

The Situtioo or hl.ltlnlu A...du.. To<I.y:Th.l. S...,lal u<l D....I,.phl. C••<I1cJool

Tod.y••boot 100.000 P.ln,ini,.,1i,. ill ,b. United Stat.s. I. 1916••hey _er.dist,ibut.d in the US as foil"..,; Califo,o;. 21 PC' ••n,. lUinois ._e1v. PC' .eat. N.wYork Iw.lve per ceot. Miehi.....le'·e. pe, ceot, New Je,sey sevea per ce... Ollio four"., ••nt, TellS tll,« PC' cent. P".tto Rico th,« pe, ce.t. Mar,lnd three pe, .....P.n••ylvania twO "., t. ,"",,,,,,.h,,sctll '_0 "., cut. Florid. IwO ".r ..ot. Vi'li"i.''''0 pe, c•••• Washi.ll Oil. ".. ce.. t; the rClt Ife ...."er.d in vuiou. other ports ofth. coDn",.' It rl .lso illll'll"."t to toow thn lboot II ".. ceot of th. Pales.i.i.os io,b. US .re ooder ,h. '1. of 40." 60 PC' .eat of OOr r«l'll0d.II" wcr••"der 4D. This1II.'ns th.t 'hey fo,m • bil I.bo.r force .nd th.t • I.rl. aomber or ,b.", .rc n"similll.d be••us. ltUny of 'hesc 10001 ".OIlle wcr. bo'" ill tb. us. Tb. P.le"illi ...• nd olh.r Ar.bs It. osu.lIy '0 be fOuOd ia ,h. i..doSl.id .ili... Us,..lIy 'be sam.U.n .rc inhabi'ed br Bl••ks. lu'. Am.riC.nl aad Olher mino,it'es ....ho came fromthe Third WOlld. The wllit. Americus keep flf .w.y.

The PII."ini...s in Ihe US diffe' in Ih. pla.es of th.i, birth. the "I.... fromwhich Ihey em;lroled snd the .ondi';on, in ..hich 'hey l;~ed before immilratio., TheI"Ses, numbe' or ,h...,ponden". 6S.S per .c~" Were born in histo,ic.l hl.stine. 'enp.r cenl were bOtn in Jo'dan; most Palesti"i.n Amerie.as (S4 per «nt) a,. fromJeru•• lem distriCl, whi.h ;ndud.S Ihe .iti., or Ramallah, Jerusal.m. Ind B.lhl.hem.This has .Iwlr' been Ihe .ase becau,. Ih. Ibn••·m•• tioned Ir.as arc inhlhil.d IllOr.by Ch,isli.n. who emilrlled 10 lh. US urlie, ,hln Mu.lims. The que,';onnli«..v•• ls lhat 41 "., .ent of ,h. "SlI<Indenll h.d emi,rlled from 'he Wes, Bsnk ud theG..a Strip. B-3 "., cent f'<lm Jordan. 1.1 pcr Cenl from lebono" Ind 1.' per ecru hom'be Arab;an Gulf

When 'he ~lel,;a;a Irri••d in ,he US. Ille p'0Il<l.lIoa of ..ale. (60 per cenllwas mu.h h'lher ,han fe le. (.ell",,, ceot).4 (in ,he sample 13.1 Per cea, or trlal«rUpOnded, ud 26 Pc' .en' cof femll....... laieh ....a. tho, ,he _jotit, of _Olea didaot ....... to ,nl'llad). Thi. il u""urp,isinl be.n", 'he _I.. come to Ihe US to .orl<..d IIope to ..tu,a hlltDC. lint,;. h.t. th.y Iud to .. ttle per aeall' ;a lI.e US ...dtheu wives fOllow tb... l.'er on. p. they OII"y .ither ilhi.. tbC !':I'e"ia;o..colllmunity or forcila WO",n.

II is 'CCOI....blc thll. atthollb th....rc mao, v.ln... Ilc1I 11 his fa"'il' 0'cd"clI;o".1 lilt ••• 'bo' play I 'ole ia « ..blish,al Ihe soci.1 and perSOnl1 lKISilioa ofthe Pole";nian in his coua..y or Ln lhe Arab .0uot,I.s wh.re !':IleSl;a;O"S Ii••. in th.US his posi'ioo i. defin.d ",.ia'r by the .mount of ..on.y he poUCu.s: 'In ,he US ,h.noble O"cell'y, which ooly • f.....00 p,ove lhlt the~ b.~e, hu be.n lupJlIlt.d by,",e.l,h IS 'hC bOJis of ,h. soci~1 Statu••nd hilh ,.a~: In Ihe 1910.. ,he role of ,h.PlO inern,.d Ind the twO clemenll Or ..col'h IOd ".,ion,li,m inlerwo~e in defininS• p.rson', ,oe;ol tlnk Th.y bce.me ,wo ."mpl.m.ntory el.m.nlS,

Altho"lIh Ihe Pal."in;," communi,y in 'he US includ... lorlle POllul.,;nn ofIt"d.n ....due".d poopl•• nd uni~.rsilY p,of...o... ,her. i, a ,i•••bl. propnrtion of

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•10Ially ,Llite,a« people or ,h_ ",ho Ire r.a~"iooally illi'.r.'e. 6,7. pc:r cenl or OUrrespondent. do 001 read 0' writ. 11 an ill uy btl.oaBe. 16A per ~ftl cor oar, ••poodcol! did 00' rnch .be p,cl>O'llory loYd of ""hool. The hilllcn n"mber of ,hi.C11lc,o,y of people """ur< ''''00' elderly WO"'CD ..<I yoool womn _hos<: \);.......forced ,he'" 10 JQ.c ""booJ io o.d•••0 tup ,h.i, ,oad '.110""'011

It i. ICOO.,lIy belieyed Ihn ,h. hIUlioiu.• who live io .1Ie US capr larl.'DCOIDCS aad ,hI 'hey IIcver kOllw povcr.y, Evc,y .'I'ZeII., i ... u.i<:i.' 1><0111..... ~ ..IIieb,he IDOII i_ponull arc 'Clllively 10.. i ...o... nd oocmploymeoL 10 Ipi,e of ,hi•.so... of ,II... do beco.... ",i1Iio..ai'Q 01 lIlol';-"'illio... i.a, bul these .t. lbe U ••pllClIIIt is 10 b<: seu f,olll. lbe qonliollllliro ,''" ooly 1.' PC' ceo, of 0o, 'Ql'Ood.~ts h~.

10 .~0...1 i..com. of "'Otc Ihan SO,OOO doll.....~d S7.2 pe, ""01 do 001 Uro mote Iho20,000 dollirs. The o~e"'l'loy"'.~1 ra .. '0 ,h. I'IIQ,ioi~o oo",,,,uoi,y io ,h. US ;01976 _I 67 pet ,,",0,.1 A .i.ubl. P'OllO"io~ of ,h......r. Dod., ,h. 1.,"1 ",. ofwork. B.Il 1110 a lizeabl. propo..io~ or ,hose ..ho arc of ..o'k,~, ",. do no, ..o.k.p..,icull.ly lmon, _om.... Illhou.h 'h••• I nurnlle, of "Omeo who work io Ih.;,hOllllod', 110'" 0' i.. iodo'lllOl. Th. 5O<ill .yllem io America mlk.. life essier for,h. uo.mploy.d bccao'IC Ihe Ilw allo,," ,h. un.mploy.d a m,o;",u'" IUm o( mooeyulI,il Ih.y fiod ",o,k. AI.., Ihet. ;11 welrl" 1)'II.m 10 hclp o«dy flmiltes.

10 Iddilioo lhe uo.mploy.d .od lorn. or ,h. employ.d "ol.lti",aol fiod other""ys io o.d•• to g.t mOOty, lu.h U ,"mbl;n" which" v.ry eommoo io thePII ••,ioian <ommuoity. G<lmblio, ,ak.. 1'10" ;0 Ihe corr« hou.e. 0' ,h••Iub. o( ,h.commuoi,y O' io .om. pllces Iik. th. c•• iool io A,lan,ic Cily ;n N... )oro.y wheremlny p.I.OIinian. Ir. p«..nl dlily io o.d.r '0 10mble. fill th. diffcrenl ..,ei.l el.....• nd polilicil BroupinB' go '0 Ihil cil~ The mare of'en Ihe p."on vi,," lh. ci,~, ,h.mar. h••Iio••Il.em .mool lh. m.mbers or hI. eom",un;'y. The .1derl~ ... Ihe employee. Ind .mploy.", ,he work... and uo.mpIO)'ed. Ih.hUlb.od. Ind wive•• 'he rcl'liou. and ••cul.r.•nd Ih••i,h,-willl olld Icr,_w,nl.•lI '0rrom ,h. No"h EI" '0 ,hi. CilY, Glmbliol i, Jell I 1>«au•• i, is no'hilll more a. I.",hi" I mUll. or .. ioo;nl moo.y Wheo I a.k.d 00. of rho .n,in«....h) h. doc. no,work lad ooly lambl••_ h...id. ·I.mlliio. i, Illy job; "'e eam. '0 Ihi. COUnlr)' '0 o,de,'0'<1 moo.y Ind 'h.re i. 00 'UIOO 10 ,,,uk ~bou' mO.21 .. Gamblin. i•••ue.."fulmea.., or .elllo, moo.y·

Th. "'I.stinila. came '0 ,be US havia, Ihe chuao«ri."e of • ,e''''ellv.Itadiliaaal 5O<i.,y. Th. early e... i,.lol, Ilill h2vc 'he valu¢! ,ha, do ...ia~l.dhlcstiolla soci.,y ia rbe 1940s IOd Ihe 1950:1. They ,billt Ih2' Pal""a,"a soc,.'y b.......ained .. Ih.y I.f, i, 'h.o, 'herdore. a In, of ,h try '0 ",.io,"o ,he valu¢! o( ,heSOa.. The soei21 "rue'o'e of hl."iaiao toei.'.,. ,n..ruferrcd '0 .h. "'I..,ioiao", muai.y ia 'he us.. The divi.ioa. aeco.dia. '0 ,h. (a",ili.. atc uideo" .I,ItO_.b.1O ,i ..."'. it ",kes • li,.e, fo.,,"- Til... u. divi.io... 011 th. bo..is or ....... ~ill••• o.e;IY 0' .... i. 'he enollt,y of ori.ill. liter. a.. also bi. hlllihes; ._11, ,he""POod.lIl'S; a.oa~d 47.1. per cea, a( tit. fa ..,li•• nu.. to.. ""'tc ,boll .i" people. TIlefl'bc. lIill It" a,"lIo.i,.,. io III. hlllil).. n ..pl fo. ,b. r.... ili.. ia wltic" ,he ....".... rr;ed fore'lII 'O'otll.n ..Ito It. "'IIIUy f.o", ,b. US 0' La,iA AIIK.io:a. A 10' o(PaI..,ioiaA. worked in SuAIII A....rica hefo•• Ih.y ....n' '0 \.b. US. IS.. per «a, of ,be.... rried _Ie ,,,polld... ,, lIave .. ives fro", Ihe US .od 1.9 pe, «n, (rom LI,iaA"""ica. P,obl.ms emetIC IIecallSC of differeoceo .bou' 'be .... .,. ,h.. ,he child.en.hould lie lI'OIO.h' III' IOd lite ,el;,ioll lhal Ih.y sltollld (0110_. Mollly, ,It esc probl.m,Iud 10 $CpIt ioo IOd ,h. cbild,.o '0 wilh ,h.i, tItO,b., IOd ,It. (alh.. pity. fioanc,"lSUJl9Ort. G.o Uy ,be child.cn of lb. fo••i.n wiv., do 001 koow A..llic a, Ill. lodIh.;, lln,,,a.e i, ei'h•• Eo,li,h OJ" Spanilh. Tit... i,. bi, cullu.. p" in lit" ';'ulionlI.e,wecn ,h. rllhcr, and ,he child.en. (ro'" .... hi.h ".obl."'s .m..,e panicularly ..h.oIh.,. i, • lick of a.r«meol belweeo Ihe husblnd .ad Ih. rorei.o wire 011 ,h......yth.y ,hould " .., Ih.;r children MInt of,en ,hoy do no, .&.....nd ,he "C""'eOI oft1>. ehildren ;s. ceo,nl ....00 why ,h. parenti .eporlle.

Th. rIm iii., Ihal h.vo boy. are the luck Ie" r.mil,., .monl ,he PlleJl,oiu. inAm.ricl, whil. tho•• who h.,e .itl, hu. Ihci, p.oblem, doubled, When ,he .;rl ,.o'er ,h. "ie or II. il me301 Iht ,he h.. the .i,h' '0 oppo•• her rami I)' lel.ll~. Ind ,h.

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·uou.,.O! "OW Uj '<U'~"'lliV 1"00011' 'P"'~'<loJd 10'!I'Iod )0 1'001 oql 00 loq 'SO'41 a, ""OW ""!UP"I"d JOloB" 'ql JO IOA'1 '4'00 "!Illed "'II,,,d lou 01' 0<1" '\'4.L".(l!onwwo, '41 )0 "" ,ql JOJ ,dlU'luu, pue UIO,) 001100'11' "'A" .(q P"!''''O'04'01 • .('4' loq 'I"\luo>od pun 'II!~' '!"ul dOI',"P 01 ",uow pUE 'W!l 4'"OU''.'04 A'4.L 'PIJ<'M"pun U'"P'UlY '41 tuGJ) "0.'" 'AUW ,1,oJ. '''0'1'"'' pun u'~JC'",

)0 'W'140, 10J'\I'U01PI!~' pu. 'J'" <1'1 41'''' pOOll< 0, '"'OSlOq''' >l"!l OU <"~

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,o''1'''PO'IO"!O!I<OI"d!O!l'!""' ''1' )0 AOo ]Joddn, 100 op .1''11 '"'11 P'''''''''" ,80,o"JOd 'lq"",P!'OO' •A~", "'!"Ion '!'1.1 'oop.nl!' Bup.!," '41 po ••d!'1'''PCOI '~l II" ~l!'" 10'Wlu,0000,!P"'A" 0'1' ,n'l '''''01U' J" P"l Alo" '00 " ,,'I' IOJ OO5OOJ ''1.1 '"o<l,nd '0'1' 'oJ JOIIOP'uo Bup"uop OJop'! ,"'''', h!~o,'1' "'00 "0 '''0'15"" U"!O'l"I"d ''II pu,pp 01 1Op,oO! OOU"q,'l uo 'PI'!PI1,0q >'11 'pH"'O' ,nn'l 0' POlO "'lA' o,w hOOA >'1-l 'P""""O''A0'l 'I861 ",)" "'UOl'JJ'PU! puc OOIlO1"W~"J """Iqo'd I"!'O' ''0'1.1

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'p,"",o, poo" po. 80"p"15 "'"'1 A'~l ,>so,d., AH"',"On "AO' 0' ·»P'o 01 ,wp'1.00' ''I' 10 .lpn" pon ~,o", 0' Bo!no!,OO' O! '",000'0' A''1' "lno'JJ'p ''1' pUI '~")"O'

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0' 'IOnlOOll",U! pUI S]o,pn" p'pnp"' "ol,B!w, {po, ''1.1 'u)8!JO lOIn, JO OJ" W''I'JO "OW '"'1' "IJ '41 All p''I'!nBo!,,!p OJ" ~''1.1 "I"O"'II01U! PO" ",w'"J '"o'pn"".1'~'''''' :"'"'S p>1!On '4' 0, 'w" ,o"U''''I"d JO ,,,,up I"!'O' 10"'JJ)O

·~.o", ,BoII!A '!'1JO ",qw,w 104" 010'1." qor I pOIJ 0' W!'1 'OJ """,,, " po. -,8'II!A '!4 JO "'qw,w'41 8uow. '.In,,\ ""J uo",d \' '~''''r ,.. ,~ 'OO">l'd U! "'qwnu 'lll."P"o",O! punoJ ,J< "1.1"!P w'l"oJ>r ''1' u, '!cIl'A UOUV ]l'1I wO'J 'WI' 0UNI '"!l!w'J ''1''lOW'" ,od ''''''S p"!Un 0'1' U! "!W!.OJd "'''10 m "'Id '00 U! POJ'411~ , .. o!B!,oJO ,,,un,,, ''11 U) to'" 'W"' ,~, JO "u'P"" '4' U"jO "OW 'W11,nVII '0 0'!"1'~.J

'"'11' 'SloOJ,,,P" ,oo!8!1" JO ,<lno.l8 "'II ,.I, ''''1' '10 'IO'P!'" '1"1t"1ll"~ 'OJ A1>!'O," '"O'P!''' '1"!G-1Y ooJ ''',"0' " '! ''''1' "Idwn, 'OJ. ur8).l0]0 '!cll!' '0 "~I' ''I'0' ~U!P'o", p,dno,~ OJ. ~'"l "",o,toVII "''1''''''.'' 'UO)'!.'IP o",U!"'I'd ''1' MOIIOJ400u'" "'001S p""Q-.{n"'"1I00 ,," ""U' '"")"w\' U! ,01!UI'''I"d 'u' 800w,,"

'O'ld ''I' U! W'!o" lo,ob,suo, ''1' po. lnJl'1I wO'l "'1~8!J OOO""!'"O"!Ul""I"d ''1' JO "o".d,p ''I' pOI ,.'" 1:1161 ''1' "'J" Al'0ln'!'JO<I '.10"'J '0"" "'!'1'!'1'" uOIl"'u""o I""I'!]OO ''I' pOO 'p'''"c,o ~'ONI JO PU!~ '0' '00,8'1" "I!W"j '0!8!'0JO ,80Il!' '0 A'!' 'Uln,!,,"d ''11 .. ~'Ol '"u,w'p I""A" 01 onp '! oo".,,0"")J1P '!o~

"<100,8 ""'IJ!P 0' Bool,q "ul ,,_,~O'U''1 UOwwo, ''I' pUt ,gon80"1 ''II "ou' "u'In,,, ""J ''1' JO ,,'d, 01. 'p>10,w8"J''I 01 'OOlU '~,"I I 0' "nU!IOO' "lIuowwo,'I'"'' ,<\, JO "" 'u' '~H ',"I.'S p"!On ''II '! Al,onwWO' UOl'!l"'I"d ''1.1P'!'JOwuo "'1 'A""I 01'11 "'1'0.1 "''1BnlP '!'1 'OJ pucq'no I 10j ~"!~O"I JO "w0'l" ''I'

'"JJn, 0' P"'''J"O'1l ·"I'Y U. 'Iou'" ,uo,{O" 0' "4 'H'W 0' ~PO" '! pun '8"!'HUIJO ,B. '~I I. ,"l'lBnlp • '"'I "'I '.'1' Bo!A .. ~.w o"'0llS'lld Plo U, P"''1 I -,UO!""''11 JO 'uo O! ',,!JOWY O! dn ,~llno,q OJ. 0'''" 'PIS ''I' .""J] 'OOO"~. ~'o' "no,,,q'P'!""W 108 01 "1",0 U! ~"ono' 'W0'l '41 0' ~,"q all U'W JO '01 I ~Bn04111 ',S.AI'"" A"A • ,~ .IJJOW sn ,~, o! 'IJ!!! UO!U"'''ICd llaVII 'P'!JlOW ",9 ''I' 1!'Un A"ono,'UI0'l '0' 0' ~'.q ,uo< '! 1'18 ''II '0 'woo,B'p!'q I JOj 8u!I!"." >w0'l """ 01 P"'OJ OJ.0''11 pU. ]OO'l~' ,,,,o'UI'I' 01 ']UO 011 '1'!9 ''I' JO uO!lJodOHl 'Illm,,,ddl 01 ''OJ''''1.1·,,!OnWlllOO ''I' JO "'~W'U1 ''II ,q '1,,",",qO" P>I'P!'UO, '! 4'lo'" 'u,,,, "op 01 I'lB!J

,

-,r-,

•POh~y I~d lh~ '"!c"i.ian Indenl"p_ DU'in, Illy ""1 in ,he US. I ."ended madYPOPIIlar Palcll;.ju pth.riap II ,he ,;lII( of (call.......ddin•• cle. NeYer did IllYI.ademic l!tend Iny of ,It_ IUhuiap, while "'I.y of 1I••m were 'lwart I. be (oundlIllie parties of ,h_ dipJOllUlic ".ab .Id (orclllI mi.. ions-

There ;1 • bi. pp belweel aclcnlloao ......"1 .h. 1II0I:1lb<: .... ",r ,II.. ,.1.." ..11 .."""'..... ,Iy i. lhe Us. Thu I"P i. no, .1I1y ••bled '0 ,b. diHcrcntt In .,•. b.. , alsodcpt:nds oa II,. due of imm;Il"I'io" Mos'ly PalcU;lIiu e",;.'alllS arc of '''''''"' o,;,i.hlu,i.iao 1."""";0" _s II in peak 1ft.. "'I, i. conuu, '0 'ke ;",.. i,fllioa r_Ihe Olb.. Anb con.'ries. Dc:spilc thaI, .,.... tll_ wbo ;",mi,.,ted ,f,., 19" 110'*

haw. (alll;l,....ad muy of tb.i, d.ild,u .u. 1:>0<.. '" ,.;""d in the Us.. 65.S per cu'of Ihe '''''POnde.'' immi.rated .r•• r 1975 The (iUt ,ucruion arc cb.ne'e.iud b~

bei", moolly conservalive, ..nednuled. retili"u.. a"d only spakinl .. mueh E",lilll asis "ced.d in th.ir work_ Many koow tbe Sps"ish lUIUSa. since tbey nUl immi,ra,ed10 Luin merica and Iben '0 Ibe US, wbere they Iflde wilh ,h. Spanish eomm"ni,yIhe fo, lb. s«ond I.O.ral;O". th. ehildr... of ,h. firlt lenerll;on. Ih.y u. th.a.nUII;On where the new Americln cul •••e inlera." ...·ilh .h. old Arab ...1..... ThCl',ole is '0 "an,f., ,h. o"a,n.1 eullU" from h.h... '0 son...nd 10 ">n,f.. Ame"nn."I'ure '0 Ih. f.,hen: they arc "ude.. 's of ,hci. fs,h, .. in lurMnl Anb e"hm., sndIh." Iuch." in 'due'l.lin, th.m ,n Am."es .. eul'ure Th, ".«nts of,.n '.SOll '0'h.i, children io order '0 a.t help ;0 I...nins '0 IP••k Enali,h. These ehildr.n. bo,nin ,h. US••re now mOre .ducI'ed I~an ,~.i. pucnu. bUI src 1... n.lionslis,;c, UoPPol.d 10 I~C new emis"nll .... ho ujoy ""0"1 u,io...1 snd p.nrio,ic f..ti",I. Th.,.cent new·com", b.;ng wi,h Ihem a Mw JtrOna feellna of Ar>b id.n,ilY lind POlllie.1consc'ousne,!' '0 Thc.. or, • conJid•••bl. numbo. of om is""" "'ho wcr' polilloi.edin I~C home coun"y, bc Ihcy tM,o wbo ,mmiSt>'od during lo.d.ni.n ,ul. Or ,hOtCwho lofl O. were d'pon.d du,i.S hts<li rule Tn••• peoplc "ill h,"e ,nei, POlilic.1inlerellS .nd do not con,id., ,hoi, immilto'io•• nd p"I."oe in 'hc US SO s p,,"ileS'Thc~ conlid.. i, , pri.ilel' '0 be awsy f,om Ihe coun"i•• from which Ihey <m'I"lCd

Thl ld... ily P.nbl.m

Whl' is required of 'he P.l.",n,... Am."nnl~ Doe, 'his diff.. from ,II..which i, requi..d of .nr olher American r.dal ",,,elory' Doc:s i, <oolt.dICt ..h., 1.1"QUi.~d or Iny olher f':Ilelh~i.....t.,o.y· Is th. "'.s".. i,1I. "m«ic.n suppos<d '0be .....r. 'al... in"n o. more "'mui..n~ If ". i, .upposed '0 be: meri.... beelu$<: h••eitizen.hip i. StI. is 'lie '"Ie..in,... Jo.d ..... o .n,i,l.d '0 be Jord ilO. Ille '"Ie"i"iaoSy.i... cn'i,lcd '0 be Sy.i.o ...d lhe '"le.. ini"o 11,..1i .... 'i'led .0 be: I....li~ WhO ,hi'"i, .IIe I'Ilnlioil ... f':Ilestioioo, the pure I':Il",IIoion'

Th. p"...ble", I rli$<: b~ .. io tbc p.oble'" of id""';ly. 'which blS 'wo d,munio.s:n. first dul. wilh how Ih. hOIl country id.nlifi.d lb. emilnnlS, ...d Ih. SCCDII<Iwi'h how th< <"';Innts ide... 'ir)" ' .........1.,..,." I. opile t>f .It. hel til.. ,h. A....innimm'l.ltiOO o(fi... 'lined relisl<""a ,h. A' ... o.w.."., by Ih 10. of ,h.COUOtr)" 'h.y ""m' f.om ofte' Ibe 1920.. tll.i, be:inl .ef d '0 A.abs 1«.._domi..n, ill ,b. popul•• ",iod ooly i.. lb. rif!;cs- Thi. is I",ih"ted by maoy of Iho",liviDI durinl ,h.. "" 10 P,esid,ol Abdul N..i. of EIYP' lad bis conltib.. l1on to Ih.p.omotion of 'he iss". or ..... 1> ...;onolisllI inlernltion.lly.

F~.lin.. of PI1...inioa pl.l.ioli.1O o"d Arab nuionli.m ni't to I lusc ..lC~1""'001 Ih. '"I..';aioa., especillly Ihos..... ho u< .<een' immiVIID'" Th.y lilt lbo.,be'DI from I "."oio "ill'a. Or cily in 'ol."inc .'·<n wh.n th.y hav. n..... been 10lhal part;,ul.. villllC Or "ity in Ih... Ii.u and do 00' IP•• t .ny ..... bie, W. Ihi.k,h.. Ihil II ,h.......~ fo. Ihe su,v;"sl of ,h. '"l••'i"i.n i nd il) a,ow'h an,ilno", Th. d,,""« from I':Ilclline hOi r.mlined '0 10m< 11., I.ol",ph;eol .nd notone of pll.iomm o. senO" of b.loOlinl, bUI ..hen Ih. (a,her il 'al"lIi.iln snd Ih.mo,he. (oreiln, Ih,n ,he.. i,. "sl probl.m of b.loDSiDI, "Sped.lly ..h.n 'h. eh,ldrenlive in ,h. mo,h•• ', "ountry for I while r ..1ked to airts WhOle ra,her io P.I ••,ini.n"nd wno•• mo,her io f,om Pu."o Ri"o, ond who ho". li"ed for 10m" y.... in 'uertoRico, Th. p,obl.m of 'hci. or;Bln ..... "•• y eomple.. on., bu, 'h.y «nd.d '0 r.dpr.dominan,ly PuerlO Ric.n

.

•

•

The,P3le,tlnian Ame,inn ~~d. hom.<lok and r"lh'ened in Ame"c3, .,pe.i.lI}dUTlnl 1'."00' whon Illeclf" POlLuc,1 eVenll ot. "",.ked on Ame,ic.n lel.v;sion, n,pot, of .,mp.i,n, Ilainn ,he Pale.'inian" roilowin. "'''0';11' Palesei"i." aperuia"\..He rcd. ,oseco,•• thl he coold be .a,ily kicked no' 0' have hi. citiun.hill ...,,,<i....."if tb. ,",horitie. .. ish It T",.;, dn. ",,,,,Iy ,n inrloen... rr..... ,he Zioni,. lobby in.be US Th" fedinl or .liellu;o" i. au.tled Once in a while 0.. the usan'"",;on nIPatnlin;.n riIU'" .e.i,'. ,n ,he US. fot cumole the ....nin.,;o" or Ale. OdehPr.sident of the ,\r>b·Amorie,n A",idisc"m;"";,,n Cammiu•• in C.liCD,"" which'fnllowcd Ihe mu,de, of 'n cldorl~ Americ.n Jew dudn, the hipekin_ of .he "AcbilleL.u.o", Or Ihe bombiol ~"d de~1r~c,ion of ~ame een"es of ,he Pl.O hc,ions. ud A,~b

or",ni>:l"oni lna for Ihci, ~ch.il,el ..·hiell IllppO<, hle>li"iu dc"'~"dl fOf ,.ui01:Thmc .. hO h~~e 'I"e....d ,he prOll~l~"d~ cl~IBOIl' i" lhe Amel;e... "e".p.per< ."dTV ""e' ,he kililn. on bo~.d Ihe ·Aehil1. l.>~,o·, .nd Ibe '0,.1 nc,lec< af Ihc ",".delor Alc, Odeh. "ollid ,e.l"e ,h. de,'ee af Amcrie.n p,ap.,and~ bla, agOlM' ,her~lell,nianl ,,,d Ihe de,'ce of 7ionil1 eant'ol 0"" the m'l' mcdi, in th. U";'edSt~'c.

Very of len P.le.""i." 101l1h... a"d -'nbs ;" ,ellenl. 'elld ." eb'"1<" ,be"n.mes. Ihmail beCO"'" 5.1 .nd Ali. AI) ... l/too.,h ...."y of ,he YOlln, people ,qllel,io"ed ~bo'" Ihi. ,",ibllie ,h" '0 dif(iellhy i" pronane,"lion by 'he Amcric:l"" i,...ml thai mo" of them ..."1 'he'eby '0 hide thei, Pale"i";.,, Anb o",i"•. 9.4 pc<c.n, of Oil' ,e,pondenll .n!wcrcd Ih,t Ihey hide Ihei, Palcu,ni,n orillin when dellins... i,h Ame,i",o,. llA per eCO' .n.l.oc,.d 'hal ,hey IOme',mn do 10. Bo,h S~m" ,,,0~abi, Abnhlll .fri''''cd Ibat.n IInf..Ollnble lit".. io" developed fo' ,be hICl,i .. i." •• mo". o,be' AIllC""''''' e~en '''nu,h i, m'l h.. e be." ,nOll"'. wh.n i, "'aslIoblicized ,h., ,he Syri ..... bill no. 'hc P.lel,i"i....fIC' 1941. b.d ,oad reb,ionlhijllw,th o'he. AmCfic~no: ,he .n",oni.m low"d. ,hem "'n no, obvi""'. 'I'd ,hey did 1'01feel il very ",,,ch" Anolh.. indie'l;on of Ihe relllc'..ee of many ,.lllin;,n. '0 'dmi,,hcll o,i.in. ;. ,b" ,hey .n..... ' 'from Je,"..1em·, no' only be"~II.e " ;•• hi"o,ie~llr

..·.lI·kn....·n ci'y. ~1I1 .110 bc"'utc i. doe. no, 'UU~" only one o,i.i"y~. "I;oul,,' ....nifc".ho...... ,n....sio. ,I' umt>r:, ......al PIIlcs,i"",,,s io

Arne,,"', Onc .lIeh maa,fe"~lioo i. ,h" .he II", and I1l1dy of A..~;. ha< ine.~..edTho Illamic movcment h" .h.. "o...n which III.y•• tOle io ",,,forc,nl 'he fecli"l ofArabi.m ,I' l~e US The IXJw" whi.h Ihe Zioni" mO~emen, enjon i" Ihe US. wnetherin .omc panieul., f'elds. like ,e.l o"atc. 0' in I,w. medie'ne. edllo.lion, and espe.iallyin lOme "el1 ,"hc'e ,be,e il a bilb IIcreenl'Il' or Ie .... lite Ne," \'ort ...d Ne," Jcr"'yblS "",d. ,Ioc r.klli"jul 11IO" .....e .od COfl\Cio•• of ,hei, Ar.bu... and Ibei,hlelli"i,n,d.nlr')

Tho PolIlI..1 Si,u,ion

Tbe "owlb of Ihc PlI"li"i.n 1''''0001 movcmenl. ,hc c.c.l"io" or Ibehles"ni." ,csi..~.e, 'lid Ike l"018ineOI ._ar,oee or. hle1,io,u id'''li'l. 1I1uI IbeIn'c,u';ono' .ckoowled.,,,,en, of 'he P.kSl,o"" !'Copie o"d ,hei, o'!loo.l ,i.b'..h.~e pbyed • 'Ole in co",ribll,in, '0 Ihe S'O"'IO or Ihe n.,ion~l .nd PO"iOII. fcclio,.of the r.I.Il;n"o Ame,ie~n, ~f'ef ,he 1967 WH Thi, fcoulled in the fo,mJl'oo of"vC1~1 p.lelli"i~o Americ~n o. AlIb_Ameri",n orl.nin,;ons There ate .110 ~man,

Ihe membe,s of 'h. r.I"lin'.n ;ommu.. i,v ,h"", ...ho Ife .fr,li.,ed 10 some ,.l''''ni>nf""ono in 'he hl."ini <cU

Tbi. 1IOIIulu P.l i" .. n 1I,.,e".. '" .be l'S " linkeo '0' lu•• UleDI '0 ,h•• enelll Polell'n"" ."d Allb .i'u.,ion .. fu .s "' "'wi'y 0' lnlelivily arcooncerned. Pale.lln;." SllldenlS II the Ame"can un,~c.. ili," arc ,he moll .clive ,n<!enlhusia"ie ;n t ..n.""ni"l Ihe r.le"ini,n e.UIe 10 Ame';e,n 1I11!>li. op,oion. 10 ,bePOlilie~1 rno..mcnll on ,he America .. IIcO' .nd '0 Ih. POh.ie.l mO'c"",nll in l.1l'"Amcric. ,n P'I"ielll..

Th. Pllcll;.i.n ",,,"mCl'" i. 'h. CS IfC .h~'>Clc"zed, II .ho"n by ,beqlle"ionnoi,CI of 011' IIudr. by ,he hc' ,hOI 'here" no P"elllni~n ,,,••niu,io,,felared '0 Arab rc,ime. In Ihe US. in .11 the Ame,ie.n arcn' No 'clllondeo, '1'I',ooe(\of Ihe r,lell;oi.n o'll.nin,ion"Pon,orcd by Ira1l, Sy,i •. lo,don 0' Libya All bu, one

"of ,he ,e.pond.nll .',he. "'Cr. lupoone" of ,h. O'luiU'i"nl lho, .... re ;odependent.evcn if th., "'OS in 3Ppn..n«5 only. Or ,uppolled no one. Thi, indic.t., IhOl.upparlors of ,he•• o,••niz";oo. nilt only in ,hoI. countrie. 'hOI hove influen••.Th;. exp13in, lhe noticubl< v,d.,y of 1'0lcuin'30 OrIOni."io.,. and <uU."';on in,he dirreren, !>Oin,' or vi.w <on«rni"s tb. way. of ,olv;OI lh. Pol.Il;,,;.n p,oblcm .....Un lh. (X;ninl conflict btlw.en ,he,. o.,ooiu\;oo, which is or,en a ,efkcI;on or,he confli." be,ween 'he Ar..b counl"" ,hem,elvu.

The POli'i•• ! <Iu"".'" bc,.cu tbe _mben of 'be P.l."'ni." communlly '0tile US uc rela'ed. 10 a IUIC COIeal. to ,.Iestioiu political cluYllICS ;n lenctal, ud,dice, .tUlly 0" ,hc;r social oad cco.o",i. rel .. ioo$. DurioJ'" "')' ,a t~e US, IUmc 10 kao.. ""me hlCSI;oiu ,ellil merdualS....ho did not bay from olherPlle'I,ni.a ",e,ehulS fo, polilie.l ,ello"s- B~l ",osl of lhem ....eal .0 h"y horn'1I«Ib', Ih...hol...l. lIIe,ehuI in 1'1 Yo'k. Vel id.01olie.l lad polil;C'll1 dirr.,ene.,bet ...cen Ihem do 001 illlpl}' Ihll Ih i' 10111 ••pa"lion, Many or lhem >lick 10Ielherdu,ial pllriolie and u,ionol e,.nl, Various peopl. wi'hin lhe eommunily ," Ne'"J.lleY deelHed Ihei, boycott or oM of ,he S~ri.o I,ooe,ie, in lhe eil~ of P,,,"on,f'e' lhe Owner inued , 'IOleme"l 10 lhe 'He,~ld Ne"'s' "ew,poper i" which he'uppo"ed Pre,ide"l RUlon ;" hi. s"ike 'I,in" Liby. i" Ap,il 1986 The boyeoll wa''0 ,uceeuful 'h' lhe owner of 'he 'hop i«ued • "" ....e"' ,polOli,inl 10 ,h.p.IUlh.i,n .0mm~nilY,

Th. poli'ieal .eliyily of .h. plk"ini.". slaeke".d I'nlly .h.. 'he P:lluli"iao..,illance ler, 8.i,uI afler Ihc I,n wor Afler ,h. eolleclion of hund,cd. orIbousand. of doUars from ,b. 'al... ,ioi.. ""mmui'y in "'merica fa< .bc I'alnti"i.n,"yolo,ion, and af,c, killiol and i.jo,iol dOlin. ,be bo"les ... it~ 'be [..aeh. of anumbe. of filhlers who ....e.. ' f.om lhe US 10 Leb.non ill o.d.. '0 filh' ..-i,b 'be'Fed.ycen'. O'e find 1"". d.,'S 1"'1 Ihe.. arc no la'le-Ir01e dou,;on e.IllOli.o,lndecd • Iti,lter oc,.en",. or .he "'embers or 'he """,muni,y now .void ,u<hdOIl.1I0n" The ""li,ic.l scminar' .. hi,h h,,'e been .d.-oflised la,eI}', h,,," nn, melw"h 'hc SO ... e f«,ou. os beforc,

Thc P.le"i"'UI ,n the US p..ct"e lhe;, pohTLCal. ,0ci.1 o"d ouhurol ,et"";c,Ih'ou,h .. i.I;.1 soci,I, polilic,,1 ,nd ,diliou, '"St;'u,ion•. In addilion 10 ehufth" oodmO'IlUc ......hi.h "c eon.idercd 10 bc .,c<llnl "l.eCI for membCri nr lhc COmm"""I' ..well as plaec. rn' prayer, the,c .rc .110 <ommun"y O'I.ni..,iolll and 'deololieal .ndpol<l;••lo•••n;ulio" .. Communily o'I,niz't,on, .'Cf< o<ilin.lly b.se:d on .be ci,y 0'yilll,C f,om "'hieh che membe'S of lb. O'l,o'ZllIon cmilrS!ed '0 lbe CS. i., lhci'plues of hi"h if 'he)' ..... no' born ill 'be US The Isrlrs, aueb o,poiu'ion " 'hc..c_n."" R,,-n1lJ1t Fldlrm,--. _hieh eo,"i"...f people who emil..,ed fr..m 'he eiCY l>fRamoUall '0 Clle US _ilh 'lLti, MI.... 11 wa.s fo.. nded in 19S7 '"~ 0<"011. "iehil"Tllis 0<'00i1l1;00 hIS. moochly fIl"u,n. pobli,hed by 'be R....aU,b COlllm"nil~ ,"Deltoi., It hold' I yesrly meel;nl in lh. bi. Ametie,n .i.ies ",he,c emil,.nll r'omRlmlll.h .rc Co be fouod. The...rc .1"" O'lui.Slino, ,imH•• Co III. Rom,lI.hFedelScion •• rryi •• Ihe n'mes of other ,i,ie. Ind .illiles in PlleSlioe Th••"iI1en«or such or••niulion, indie".l ,h'l ,hefe i•• desi.e 10 o,••ni.., but 0 b.ckw",d le,'dor .ociOI O'Baniu!inn,

A, rn, Ihe Plllilic.l ond ideololic.1 o,•• n;,";on,. lhe'e ore m.n~ A..b·Amuieon 0' Paleuini.n Ame,ie.n O'I,n;<31;On, in odd;lion '0 sUPpo".'1 ofPoleu,ni.n O'looi''''onl. These: I.e

(il 1M I'a/n"... ClJItlflJJ of ,VIJI/It A.....Flca (PCNAI founded io 1910. Abou,20,000 m.mben h.>,e joined II i' • ,.IiSle..d O'I,oiu'io. Ind Ilui,c ••li,. Ir i.sOPpollive l>f l~e FLO. bo' i' r""lm(ft.cd IS a .esoll of .he f ...menlSlioo ...i,hi. 110.FLO If... 'he 1911 , in Lcb....n Uld _I. I ly wco.ke..cd.

(i,) n.. """ C""""m" .... ..c""'''r'' ..c.ab RII.." ..., Thi. O'I,oi",,,ol _.estlbhshed ia 196<l by 0, M.hdi. UI Iraqi loy bi,Ch Amon. 'he ..a'ed 10,ls of lhi.O'II";%I,ion sr. lhlC ;t nppose, commU1li ...., hoci,m, u.i,em;,ism Ind Zioni'm, NO'elhi' mixtllre or ideol0.i($ ..hieh 'he n'I."i1l1in. OPpose,. "'ilh lhe purpose nr'I,imil.'ion '0 the US, On lh< nne h.nd••1Id Iceo,d.nee with i" n'lu'e os 0"o'.O";Ulio" in,'olv.d wi.h .....b,. on ,he other Whol i' al,o nolice'ble " tho o.de, In"'hi<h lhi' or8.nit~lion pl.«d lhe ,deololiCl i' OPposel, •.,,,inl Wilh eommunilm .nd

.~---

I

"",y,n. up "Ziani.m These dccb.cd lOOOls. u .ell u ,h_ Clf ",!I.e. A,ab-.....c'i""no.pai•.uiolll. ...1<0 ,h.." 'he 0111«' of .u.picion of '.lcui"in·'"ncr;<::I1l 0"'011I1 .Ildlchill dc..... OIS in parlin Is.

(iii) n.. f{oll_1 AJJ«fn'''''' oj Arob Am.rttam (NA.AA). Til;. orpn;UI,on...1$ founded in 1972 in Vi,.;n'a, III main loal is 10 publi.i •• 'he Aub nU,e and toIry 1o minimiu the US bi.. towards I"•• t,

(iv) ASfoc;ollon oj Arab Amuicoll Uni.."",. Gro(lImtc, ",e. (AAUG). 11 "'ufounded ... '<lult of ,he 1961 ...... in Ihe city of 901100. M:tn••buue'u. Th. loall of,h. "AUG ....-(a) To c.ubli... Jjlltl b,"".u ".-:III " ...uican p.orusi<>oals .nd prOIElOI.

COG!lC'fa,ioll ill .heir ",,,.cti.e professi"......(II) To a,iliu 'be pror."ionol how·lIn'" Or A•• b Am"';en. ;n ,h. "rv•••

of ,hei, communi,; ....(e) To dillemln>!. sec.. calc scico,ifi. <..Hulal and .dne..ional informa,ion .bont

'he Ar~b world_(dl To ...isl in Ih. d.v.lopm.nt of the A••b ...o.ld by plovidinl ,h. profu'ional

...vie" Of its ",em1><:.. "'h.n,v.. the n••d, of tbe fo,,,,., and ,b. 'al.nu or ,b.I...., coineide.

TI",oUlh ,hue va.'ou' ob;'.tive' ,b. AAUG a,m at U,eal,b.n'''1 .h. bo"d, ofuod.u'andinl and f.iend.hip be,...n ,h. Arob, ud ,h. AIII.,;no peopl •.'" In o,d••'0 'ealize ,b.,. IDOl' ,h. AAUG 01", pUbl"he. studi•• perlainiol '0 Arab-AID.r'.ln,e1a,ion" II ....11 IS hold,nl ,n annual .onf.rence, in th. form of bil ..i."'ifi. andpoH,ical d.monst.n,ion"

Th.... ,. nl,n A••h·Ame.i •• n o••anin'ion, of I bn,in... nunr., whiCh " •• i'h.r official 0' sem,-orr;ci.I, ._1_ ,he US·Arob Ch"rtrb<t, oj Commu•• whn",b.adqn•• ,... "" in N.w Yo,k. and whicb b.. b'lOeh., in ,om.o.her Amed.ln ci'i ..a"d ,h. Hill, LIlfUI F..... .....bli.h.d by weal.by Arob A..... iean. ill 1969 i" o,d llsupply hlenini.n, .i,1I hu=n""'an .id

In Iddilion to Ih.....hi.b ... Aflb-Am..i.an in na'u, •• ud bave • fo"n.l"ylc, ,berc src o'.lni"';on, wh,eb a.. InlS1Iy and p,edolllin.ntly P.lelli"'.n, whiebHC u.ually p." or ,.".,al Pales,ini.n O'lanizslions like ,h. Poltsl"'. WO"'.~'J

Federolloll .nd the C.".",I Fodumu'" 0/ Pol",,,,,,,,, SllId,,,,.. AlthouSh th...Oflanita,ion. have a nOlice.bl. m... aeli.ily. b. it among Ih. Pal."in;an commoni'yi..elf o. in uplaininl Ihc Pal••I,nian c.u•• '0 th. other Ame.ican ."d rn,.il"o'lInin,io"I, yet the.. O'lInin,ion, arc ..ve..ly di.ided duc '0 ,be f ..,,,,.n'lIio-,,,hll hll occuted wi,hin 'hc PLO. Thi. f.allDc-,,'lIion i, ,h........ oll"iou, ,n ,h.Cenu.1 Fcdcrll'on "f hl"'I;"ian Stad."...~ich ,pht ,nlo ,WO rede,atio"., .hil, aIhi,d onc hi' .dopl.d the Islamic ,ellli"o. on.nllt;on. Thi, i, lh, F.deroTlGtr ojMutl,,,, Stud."" c".bli.hed in 19.B Th. l11empts of eaeb of ,h, f;,,, t.... o hellon. ofIhe linden, f.dotll;on '0 pro.e its 'Ieg;'im.e~' and 'weigh!' in ,h. Amerie.n u,n.occupy. 10' of 'he lim•• nd .~Ii'ily of Pal.st;n;.nl in ,h. US Wom.n', ,o"i.l .ndPOli'ical .eli.i,i•• f••e mO.e <lir"e.I'i •• ,h.n tbl! of ,he studen, beelus< of 'he socialobstades faced by women i" wo'k and. in pa"'e.. la" in IlOIi'i.al a.livi'y Th••O....npl.ya .ilaif'ea", ,ole ," "'"01 up l'ale.. i"ian rOlklo.ie uh,bi,'on, and ."ablishinllink••',h AID••ia" wO"""" o,p"iutio"..

D..pi,e ,hu. PaJ••"nin Ame"ea" ae".ity on th, le.e1 of ,.ppa'''nlPlle.,in"" ."hll ,n ,hclf home countty i. st,lI ..... k AI'hou,h i, h.. been I,o ... ,nl Inthe lu' ''''0 decades, Ihci. ae'i."y in 'e,ml nf p."i"P..inl in Am.ri••n poli'i~.1 lir••e.ml w.ak., AllhoUlh there "'IS ••da,i •• "on'",lion (Strongly 63.6 per cen' ~

Mildly 2U PC' .. n,) amonl a loti. nnmbe. or ,uponden" in thc ""mplc wc uled in0.. , te.....h. of the nc....i'y of .n A.lb lobby In th. US and the n....'i'y of'c,i.u'nl Ihi. lobby:lll ,b.. " would be .n opponent '0 ,h. Zioni'l lobby 'ber., yet abilh pe,ceala,e amoalS' those ,esponden" did -"0' ,h..",eh.. PlrtjcilJlte i" oo'i"l alAOK,i.." cle.. ion.. A.ound 70.1 PC' cen' "ep'i•• abou' IlIn'~ipa'ioa i"A",..ican 1>01i,,~.llif._ Many of ,h.m ..en co id..ed ,...h p..,ie'pa'ion 10 be • kindof anim,I •• ion ,hat ,. te}Celcd. 0' .'·en • klOd of enmplioi'y with ,h. Amer;eans ",ho•••o,din. '0 'hem "'nd by l,n.1. Many of 'hem, in ,pile of .,,,yinl Am.,i ••n

•

CilLz...,b,p. do 00' coo,,,"" Americn poli'iC'! lO be Ihe" co..cer .. nd mall of ,h. "mecu. only aboul the "p"l Ihu dealt .. ilb Ame"can policy ill Ih. Middl. E....

IS,l pe, Cenl of 'he 'CSl.'OOdenlS an,".red Ihal Ihey ~Ole (0< 'he Dcm""r.,i~

P.ny. whHe 9.2 pcr cenl of th.m ~a<c for Republiean•• al. lim. when Ihos. 'em.ininlan,w..ed Ihal Ihej' da nol ~Ol. fo' .nyon.. Som. Slu"i.s .how Ih~1 Ihe I<ne"ldi,<clion or all.!ionee fo' Ih< majo'ity or Ar.b Amctican' i. 10 the Republic,n,. in,pile of lh. f.ct Ihat mosl of those in lhe Ameriean Conlire" who ore of Arnb o",inwero 'e,,<esenlalive. ar the Democrats." The Pal,,"nian .<ad.mic, "'Cte d,vid<d,mOll' 'he rU'in as, followl' 19.' per cent "'.re Republic,n< .nd 21.1 pc, «nl ...<'<Dcmllerus.' V<' 'h" dOct nOI m.,o IhOi Ihcj' ... ouLd alw,y. 'U"PO" Ih< Demo".!!'«p....nl.livcs· .speei.lIy in Ih< muni<,pal .1<.,ionl, Ih'OUlh which Ih.y u,ually 1«lanlibl. p<omi... or beller ".""<111 fo, 110. l'lami< eonll'llullilY I allellded. m«IInlfor 'he 'Isbmie' <om",uoily. ,II. To,t, aod ,he Ata", (Sy.i'lIs Ind Pale"ini.n'l ,nPa...i. Coon,y io N.w Jel'$C). '" _bi<b Ibe R.poblic:u. cud,d... w" in"iled. Tbecn,bu,i..m or the .~te" sOPllOrtill' 'he ~odidatcs ~I nccpliOGal. Afle. UM:1II«'i", .... o((ieially ave,. the l•• to.....H"....d IbOi ,hey ""oald ..or~ ..,uPPOrtinl ,he R.publi.u••Llhoa,. ,he dnminan, imprcnioo i' ,10'1 'h. Dc_raila.. eLOI.' '0 ""b vie...... Ho.....e'. Ihe R.public.n, wo.ked on IInpro,i"l ,h. 18\,ue. ud ••doci .. , ,h. p,icc of kou....

It becam••vid.n' 10 u, Iba' lb. mar. n,im,lalcd Ibe r.leJllOian Ame'i<all " in"me"e.n "",i.'Y. 110. rna.. h. will ael,vclf par"cipat. in Ame,ie'll poht,cal lif.U,ually Palutilli.n Am<ri<.n p>t'ieipotioll ,n muoic,!>.1 c1cclions i' mOr, 'i8nifican,th,n bil p,IIieio>l,on in Ibc Prelid.n,i,1 or COnl<c.. ional « .. ,iolll. A' w, b". laid.lbey e.pec, 10 r.o.iv. 8.;OJ On tbe oommunil~ le"el ln 1 p.rti.ul., oilY, Th,y "e.bow."er. perfectly ,w.,e that il il nat po"ible 10 ,nrlucnce the hilbe, peltey of Ihell.r< whicb il ,uppo",,'C of 1....1owinl la the control or ,h. ZioniSt lobby 0".' 1,

Mosl of Ih. Ii",. thc communi,y decidcl 10 ,upport • candid". for Ih.municipality b.o.u,•. for e.. mplc. Ih' I••d••. 0' On. of Ihe L...d .... of Ihe ~m",uni,)

bas ..t.d Ihcm 10 do ... """hool "ltinl 'be 101ie.1 ' .....ns beh'nd thi. IUPPO" Ihe..d • lc.der ."pl.in,", ,h. n..."i,y of supPOrtinl' ,,"<lieul.. e.nd,d.te be.....e Ioedocs no, luccu",b to ·Je.. ish p,enorc' in ,hc City. 01 lb. JaOle lilll( IS ..._ jOan,people wbo apooscd him ..SCrted 'hu ,10 .. SOPllOn il ....o..'.d bccaulC 'Iou pe""D_ad.• in ..al .. talC and bas. bo"n.....l."ooobip ... ,,10 ,lie malOt Th. PoI..,ioi.n.finally supported thiJ e."d"'''o.•pin" • 111.<10 e.ndtd.... i" one of lh. billO" cill",io 'he Slal. of New le"cy.

Two f.Clors fU<1her ~ml>liclte 'b. P.Lcs',n,.a ""ndition in thc US. m.kinl110.", ·un.... nlcd· people ud Ioind.,ioa ,h. 'S"ltmtlalio .. proce.. ,n Am.. ie.n sooiel)Fiest: Ih.i, p,tiful im'l••, "'''hi in ,h. "mc<i~o m,nd This il .nh.need bj' ,h.;rb<:inl dClc,ib<:d in 'II the mass media oJ tCrra,illl; ,econdly: Ihci' lUnule there i.,e"".d for."'o" on ,h. J.w;sb communi,y Ind Ihe Zionist movemenl. which 10...• , •., powC' in .11 lhe in,,1tulion •• ;11 I>.rtl.ul., lb. economic .nd <du<alion,l onc,On. of my iml'fO"ion, Ihcr. w.. Ih., the Arab in t~e mind of Ihc nO, "'a I "meri<.n10.... ' 30 .ntolOnillic wealtby bedou,n ..bo iJ ,••u,lly p,om",uoo,.• nd " nOI 10 betrus,ed '" r"r 'he P.leStini.n. h. i. in .ddilion to.11 ,hat. ~;lIer .nd • 'e"o,i" In• ,",~oy of elemonto<) .nd junio, hilh ,ehool tiocial «ienec ,e"book. used in ,h.e.lifo.nia educOlionl sy"<ms., A}',d '[.(2.nn found lh., nom.d,< bedou'n... h~aceounl fo' ooly fi,'. to ."hl PC' ent of Ihe '0,.1 A..b POl>ulalion. o'ovide ,h. b,Jieedoca,ion.l iofo,mOlioll sbool Anb "",i.lY ladeed. ia • ,""'CY of 2S1 junior ond... nlO' biSh "b""l Ilu<!cOts., Ihis '0,100' found lloa, ..... lhn h.lf of llo...eh...ct«i,.d tloo " ..bs as. d...." """"Le.

K

Giveo tbat the popul" "",«ic,.. noll,",~ 'o....d, ,b. ,.I..,intalU nd Mabs ,aIhe US il n..... 'i«. ,10. offi.,.1 Amcri.n v'c'" i' by ..0 m..... be"e, The A",."can10~CCllm.n, offi.i.lly ".".d '0 watch Ihem du,i .., Ibe Ii",. of Presid.n, 1'<"0" in19H. II d'd h.pp.n th.. some 1'.1..,ini.nl c...yin, Ameriean .ilizcn,~il> wer.banilh.d F,om Ihe US due '0 Ib.i, poli'ie.l .c,j~iti.,.

The J.wil~ '<lmm""ily in Ih. us i. I>tS•. o'l.n ••<d and slton" 11 i' kno ..n ,., comm"n'ty wbcc... the p.lellln"n, lhere 'ro knOwn as. few indi~idu,11 .. 0 r.,ul,or lh.ic •••Mm;C ,nd «onon'i, 'Clivi'y The Jcwl in I\meti.,. ,""CCi.lly ,h. ,<l1I,,,ul

..

".",n, uc found 1ft ~"i~ular ucu. The) 113'. ,II." ow, .. 1103&010." "'b....ls.un"'.",,,... h"Wi"!> ud Dflu,u,ions.. The) sr•••nlly .... , ••t." ..d bI &ru,IOl.lty '0 ,h. soci.1 'OS'''"';OO .",h,n .-hi.h .hey rind s.cu'i'y ud work. In addi,ion10 lb'. U .,,11 "0 tIn, I,tor, the Jewi,h communit)· i, in perf•• , h.rmony withAmeri.an ,oc",)'. and .oo"de .. i•• '0'...." to be IInr.clly <""'JI'I'ilolo: wi,h ,h.,n'c«>! of ,h. US. ""hile th. "'s",") of ,h. '.lnuo',,, c.."""o"',y ooa,iden Ih. US'0 be ....Uy of 1".<1 III the <Xp"nsc of lh. "IIIIS of ,he hle"illian !>Cople

IIboy Jc"i,h Ameri••ns .-il11 whom I 11.,-. d""UIKd ,h. P.I."'n;... prOblem,bel;e,". III" It is .n 'n,ernat 1".<1; ;".c, ss ,h. problem or rninorilic. of lhe o"o,ld i.inlcrnsl One of ,h. manif•• ,s'ian. of lhi. Mlion is thOi ,he J....,""'I 0/ l'ol~J"'"

S''',r, .di••d br ,h....lI·k ..o.... Pale"'n,u "' ...."cn. ""r.uo. Hllba", Sbuabi. isfou ..d i.. ,h. I... i,h di~",oD ,n 'b: pobl« lib,uy in Nu. "o,k

I.. ,pIt. of 'hI<. 'h. Ji,.~,io" i, nOI dc,pe,a'. (0. lh. 1'.1.. lin; ... , ;n ,h. US. On'he eon"orl. il h.. mo,i'·~'.d 'hem '0 1<1 '0 ,n'ch ro' 0 fo,mub which ... ould ,.li.v.,h" .iluuion Th••".bli,bmUI or 0 lCIUi~.ly lu•• numbe, or p.IUli .. i.nill."i'Ollon, nd o•••ni,..,io..s ,n Ih. US ...... rUCllon. on Ih. POll "r 10"'••ctive"",• .,i .. in, nd A.ab.. 10 Ih< ,prUd of Zioni" , ..flu.n•• ,.. Ih. us, n. Plle.. inin ...in "'m<,i.a h",'< 0 Slr<,n. r«lrn. ,h., ,b. Zi ..n,"lobb~' is in e.,ntrol. or 1... '1 0'0. ,h.forci.o policy or the us, and ... hen .,k.d ,,'h<,her ,h. P.I.,,;ni... Americ," l>cli,,'e.,hal 'h. Zionist, influeoe. Ibe r...e, ... POli.~ or 'he US. ".6 pe. ee"' of ,..pond "... , .. cr.d 're:<' ,,,on&11 3ftd j'l pC' Cen, ....... red ·..,ildly· All" Ibe P:>1..,ini~ ,.Am.ri•• ,.." ~ .uonl fcdiD' of luilt bee,o•• ,h'r hn. nn, be,n .bl. 10 do a, muehOJ ,h. J."", in ddendinl ,heir eao"

Aul,.iln'lom

Ther. II "0 doob, ,bll n"",ul.,iun ,n,o .... meri .... $O<'"'y infl ••nce, 100..n,p.clS of ,he ,ocinl lIr. of ,h, r.I.."ni.. Ameri.. n .nd hi, poli'i,.1 ,ie ..·,. "pcei~lI~

'hose •• lu.d 10 the A"b·l"aelr eo.. fli<L. B"ed on ,h... it i, .... n".1 10 koow ,h.de&... or ..,imil.lio...nd ,h. POSi'''e 0' ~ep'i~. faCto" affe~,i"l ill.. Ih.qO~Jlio..n.irc. I "ied '0 CD ~ .. lrUe DtI ,h ,iou. ,nd,ces or " ..m,ln"o Ihed'lre. or 'b. peno..•• I<nO,",'I,dle or 'h. Enllllh I.n...ol'. ,b. l.nlu••e u..d h.nI>ll<i"l 10 Arlb., Ih, I.n.'h of liar in 1~' US. whelh" b. hid.. hi. 1'.I."ini...nOlion,I"y 0' ni, ..... b id.n'ilY ...b... do.H..... ilh Am.'i ........h.'her he hn< ,'i,ilCd0' .. ill ~i,i, bi, hom.la"d .nd Ihe A..b eouat"e.. ,h. style of ull~ri...illilb.. be ...dor ""ill u...ilh his .bild.en. 'he de.,.. or hi, llHli~'lAIOO" in AmeriQn pohlio.llir•.,nd finallr ..bcrhcr be .. ,II retu'n '0 Jj"e ,n hi, ho..,d.nd ,f ,h'l i. PO.. ible ro, bim

In hct Ihetc ore • 10' of ••110 ••1 Ob'I•• IC! ... hlCh p,"_enl Ihe lel1.1 ...im;b,ionor Ih, r.I ... ini.n in Ametie.n .... i'IY, Th, 'lIi,ude of ,bal .... i.ly " ..If loward. 'her.I i.. i><l .. ill .1'" b, .n ..b"a.lo to ...i""I"ion I' II "Sl rOt • ll"no"I~' ".ni ,I.. ~ ..hen", ,nte•••U ... oo",pallbl••i,. A""•• i:.n " .... ,n Am•• i••n .... ICll'.wh,l. ,hll i. d.rrie.1t ra, lb. r.lest,n"n, who rlcc n","ve popular. prol"••ndi" tad.. frici,1 .Ili,Ud•• or Amerie.n, ,owords 'hem ond 'I"i, ca"'" Th... ,,>Ions h.v,m.de ;1 SO..,...b01 diffioull '0 inl~IU" in Amcri ooicry. excel" i .. 'he undcr ...orld.whieh II ·inler"."ooal· "' .11 ...,.ai"., or Ih a.d la Iny .ue. Ih. h.,o. of Ii_PI.y. an ~n.au,alin. '01. '0 Ame.i,an;xin. ,he PII••"ni.... and any olhe. ""no.i" in,h. Us. Yet ,h. "'meric.niZl,iOft of p.I."inllns and Allbs i.. Ametie~ ..m.;n, a'andom p.oc.... Thi." duc '0 'he d,frerenc. in ,h.i, p.orel'io<>1lnd leV,1 or .ulture.• nd i. abo bee.o..... Ih. be.i .... i"l of Ih.i. imrai.... ion 'he.e. 'h.y ...o.kod inpoddlin... lnd«d. ·pcddli". most be h.ld '0 be Ihe rnajo. r••,o, in expl ••n, ... ,b.reluiv.ly ",pid ....mil.. io.. or .....bie·Jl.c,k,n. immi,'UlI berore ""orld Viu I',"The .conomi••crivilY or lh. r.Ie,,,nilos and olher Arab ,mm'lmnll h•• t>l.ced themin dire.. eonto~' wilh Olhor American.. Th;..... ,ho p,;m.. y .neoumlem.n, ro., ..i",il.lio".

10 ".Iil~·. Ihe more .0."'''''>< r.I'>lin, ue 'h.... mo>l ..".'u, '0A"'e"can,n,ion a, ....11 a, , ..i"",,, '0 ,n, fo,m or i.1 ch..... H,nce ... "o,iced,hu ,h. m.jo,iIY or P.le"i";.n, , .. ,he US arc di,'ided bet ..·.... ~o..."vl'ivc pcoole, 0.people Amerk...;«d '0'" .ppre~iablc d<llr~o

"

"'" hue P,cv;o.,ly ""'.ljoa,," '''~l lb.e Clo';";~D A,~bs j"'''''lfuC'' befn.e 'heM""JiIllS. nis wil ,b" use .. i,b. ,be ,,1"'1111;'"0 U "'"cIL Jl.2 pc•••11' <If ou,CII,i"i'lI '".pondeou .,rived ill 'be liS before 1%7 llld 'bree pet cellI of rbelll befo«19(1, ..'hC'.'1 Muslim. "flV"" ,n tb. US at 'be ,Ue "f 7.9 pc. «111 befo•• 11167 and0.) pe. uo, befo•• 19(1. h il 10 be lIoticed rh'l tb. CI"ill;all r.les,ini'"1 elme r.omorh'lI a......."crc•• Muslims C'me 10 • 1"1< ..lOn, from 'oro 1 .«.. Of OU'Ch,i"i." ,c.poodenlt 90 1><' ceo, e.mc r,om • town 0. Cil~••,hcrc•• 0111) 6(1 P<' ceMof 'he Muslims .n,wered rhll thC)' e.me from.n .'b.n Centrc.

H.7 PC' cenl of the «,po.donn c.me f,om tbe krus.lcm .'U, (lor."l.m,R.m.lI.h, Bcthld,cm) where ,he Ch,i,li.ns fo,m .11 11'p'cc"blc proportion of theinh.bil.... I' il ,ilnific,nt to pO,nt Out thJt the ","ety of pbcc$ f,nn' \\'~,,"h !hcPqlcstini,n, C.me to the US pi')" , biB ,ole in thc degr.. of ,el'liow,' The most,eiigiou. of 'he p.lcu,ni,n American••moo, au, rolPondcnl, ",e ,ho.. "'ho "'c,eliving in thc AUbian Gulf eounl,i.. borore they emi,,,ted. The Onn "'ho wc'e theIe"" ,el;,;ou, wC'e thO'e lwinl in Leb.non Tho.e "'ho "'C'C livinl in ll1c w.., B,nk.wc,c .hoay, u...d u au' ,c.nd>td As in ,hc hOrrle .oun")·, ,he Ch"u;on Palc,tini.ns..nd 10 be mo.e cduelled chan Ihe Musliml, as ;$ the C'$< ..;ch ooy m,nO,;I} .."orulatlOuc p'O""'I;.o, ilS eOad,l,on &..7 ae' cent Or au, 'lu,lim ,c.pondeal. arc ,lIile"le.1_ pe, cent or IhC Ch.,,'i.a, >te.." Thc CUCnl of hi,be. cduc••",,, in .be ...·0poJIol.cioa. _u .imil..

Ik.pi.. Ihe hel lhal Ihcr<: >te lOme <I,ffe« ..ces bel_ee.. Mosti ... >ad (lo,i>li.ahl..,ioi"",1 ,a Ame,;c. caace,",a, .he <I.ce of i",,,,i&uciOa, ~o••"aa .ndu.,.. ilari"" in " .."ieu socicly••here " 00 .vidcnee of ""c!>,i.o suif. belwcc" thc'"Tbi••ccms '0 be !Ia.ic.lIy doc t.. tbe ,DOd relationShip bet,",c<" tlte 1"" sides ..b,chp..",.;1 ia Ihe home eou"y, eoa.n,y 10 oclt.. A..b .ounuies. Th.. il .1... con.idc,ed10 be an indicatiOn of 'he n,oa, inrlocnce or ","b nationlis", On Mushm, u.d '0 'h.ume e~Cenl Ch.illi.a, hle"i"ioo. ia 'he US They lenet>lly "'o,k .o,e'he, ,o...d•• cbiev;nl 'helt 1011 by meln~ of national Ind o'her .. i"inl ,,:cul., o,,"niU'ion..Althoual1 chi. condit,on l. obviously ~rcdominlnt Imoa, .he Palelliaian., ycl Ihcre 3••...me who ,enCl3!i'e ,hi, .0 III the "'"1>1: 'Moslem' f,om A"b coun,,;cI "'o,k clold)'wilh thci, Ch'''tiln comp,,,io,, in.1I m,ue,•• free"nl A.. b, in Icncrll'''

Hiuo,iclily 'he puetioc of 111,01 ",,!Cd ,n lhc US ..ound thc >'c" 1900, whenthe first ~ollcelivc p"yo< ..... hold in the eit)· of Ron in NOrth D'koU.'" while ,hefirst me,que in lhc US "''' c,ected in the yc", 1920,'0 "',o,hc, opinion lt~tc' thot thofi,.. me,quc ,n thc US "''' ereeted ,n Cedor R'rid •. 1o",•." Thil dine..n« O"er thod.cc of tltc fiut m01que in ,It. US could ..sull f,om thc f.ct thn, the fin. mOS/lue " ..demoli'hed, when mOil or the Mu.li .... in ,h31 orca con"ctlcd to Ch,i.ti.n,,~. eh.nlcdtheir n,mes .nd deserted .he OI""<lue_ By thc ~c" 1910, there "'cr. ,a the US .bout400 mOl<lu" .nd I.b"". ",.iet;es, u well "' I lorl' aumbcr or [ute,n ehu,ehe'Tbe« h.ve buie ..h"ou. Ind soci.1 func"onl Such chu'ches Ind m0111oe, rooc,;oo.. impell.nt \t.n.icion.l liaks 'yin, A..b ...",muailies ia the US to tbe A"b world.,eiafote;a, Ihe 1IId1liooli volu"," of the old couany ."d p..setvin& clh"i. id... ti'yThey aot oaly provi<le flcililte. fa. "'onh,p i" tbci, 0"'0 .'}, tonduct 1'I".i'lc Indh,,,...1 ....moo'......leb..t. ,.liliol1$ ooc",'o".. ud ,uch ,.hlio", bUI .hey ItC .lsopl.CC1 fo. soc.ol IOd polili... l .e'iviti~ rOt ,hc ..eh'''ae or I_ip Ind inf....""'tionoboa' the .om",""i.y ,n Llle US aod o",.nu.. The)'''c pl.= fO, _ill occalions: IheA",-e lo"dlpeak.... hich 10'01"""'" «.o.<Iod QO'lnic v...... 0' Bibl. ,udin.. 0"F,idly 0. Soadl}, b'OId",... A..b" OI0S;0 0' modc,n ",,,,ic on 01h.. dl)'l. Thcy",cpl..., ro, livi"l ....p.ioa. ro, A,.h di,aitUin ¥i,itinl Ihe oomm"nilic$ Ind h.... ia''he 1"h..ial' Or othe, A.. b o'ioniution$ l.okia. lPO" of thci, O... n '0 conductIct;vi.;e•. AIIO, 'hey or..n f"nclion I, hos'oll ro, ne.· cOlia"n" wi,hour pllco, '0liv. upon thei, ..,;vII. IOd thus o,o.·ide eGmfotl .nd ,"cu,it)·

Thcle churcnc. IOd mO'Quc, ","nled mi.cd p."i.. fo, younl pcGple ,n en.blc'hem .0 mee' thc oppo",c 'c', thetcby encou"l;nl them to chooJO I pUtn., or Arlbb.ck.,ou,d whon tnoy 'c,eh ,dolthood ,nd in .0 doins, pre'e'vc lho oohelivcnc," ofthe;, S,oop ,nd keep .live tho M.b h"it'Se" Thi, i, ,n iadic'l'On th,t mOlque•• nd

ehu,eh.~ '" 'he US Ite influenced b) 'he n,,'o« or lOCi,,1 Iir. 'he«. 'he) ... pl",e'"hcr. mnn.~ " "oll••,.d, .ha,i'~ bnz.... nnd dinn., p.lIi., or. held fo, ,heeommuni'~.• nd euitural nenn or. cclobro,ed In .ddi,ion ,h. 'Im3m' or Ih. mo,qu.in ,he US is ,he one "'ho .esoh'e, eonni", be''' ••n •••d "nd ,c!i.inu. pe'SQn, Ii.'1 •• i.13'" and ue:u,u· in o,~:r ,~ "'0'0 Ih. ·,i.h,,· '0 ,he" 0"'0c<. be h. Mo~h", ~,

noa·"1oslim in ,h• .,... "·"..e ,h.....,h.. bet~n. 10 ~ •• Ii,ioo. MUllia Til"", Ue 'hed,rre.ucc. belW"" .."'" pl.,., "f ..-o,mip 'n 'he l:S 3nd ,h",e in 'he ho.... e"nn''}

Ther. arc 31,· dirf.,.n'.1 be,"' ••n ,h•••h.ioo. pr>Cl'..... npec,ally 'he \lollin,one1. In ,h. liS .nd ,h",. in ,h. home count')'. whe,e ,he IlrJeli« in Ih. n.w <OonlTl,d,p" '0 ,h. ,o,'i,t n~'U" or 'he eounl'~ ond ,h. Il'pe or job, whi.h ,h. Indi"ido,l~

,n th. eOmmun,,~ Iher. h... The coli""",. P..y.... for "1mpl..... """ ••".d In,SOnd3} 1l"~"1 .he.. " 'I ao, lJ<»libl. I" eort} ,b.m 0111 Oil F.id3~ .. bieh " awork,n. d.\ F,id)~" ..an,re".d 1o Suad3) I' i, nOt l'OIS,ble .i'h« ror ,h.employ.... 10 P'~) f"e ,,,,,e,, da\ ... h"," 'I '''I} do"e bl' ,he "'i.ed. elJedj .nd Ihtun.mlllo~·ed In "ddi'''.o, ,h. "'o,l.n in r"e'a,,<o "'hieh .eQui« phy,i",1 effoll "Teon,ble ,a ru, ,n R~m"dJn .... i'h ,h. ,elul, ,h~, ,h~ 'n"id.oee of r.."nK amooil Ihem "10'" Th. (,I,m" Cen"e '0 J...., CilY ""nil" mo",hl~ .".mbl}' fo, "'o"hip on 'hofiuI5.'u,d., of ,h~ mon'h. (no" s:>,u",.~·, "·h.,e din.e, i....vcd Beyond Ibi,Ibo.. il" ,0Ile'li.. l'.."H"" "0 Sund3f III<>fR'OI. '0 o.de, ,. eombioe 'M .«no" rpedo,miol '~"llou, du"'" '04 to,"""'" 10 ,p" •.,: 'he h" ,1>., ,he '">'Il,,'ian '0 I _u..embl~ ar .. o..h,p Itut> .",h 'be Qu,a,,,,, 'C'" 'lIy men ..hnm nci,b., "'de 00.m...hud". C'n div." f."m ,It••eme",be.an.~of GoJ' 1'« IPP.nll" "1

h wn no' po'"bl, '0 ,dap, bu,in,.. ond fm>n<'" "ons,<,ionl in tI,e 50me "'OJI>ank (o,ns e.nnn' b, h,odl.d '",thou, inle .." I, i, no, po",hle rO' a Mu,hm '" pu,hIS mooC\' in ,," I\"""C'. bonk ."houl ..:e"i"l in:o<>, un" l.uIaI Th",. \lu,hm'.. h" ".on .',,"r\ "ewn ".d. ,n ,~ic be><Ia.n ""4 .du" m.p"io<> n" nu"..h,,'" ,e"lIou, ,I.e:, "'" "e, ... ""d.. ,n u,,·,~,c "co. 'mo.., ,i,in.lI, f'am Shn'r31 ',h. Jennl.", ,'.a. Icld me ,Il" ,he be.. h: could do "hen he "~n" ,••cll bee•• ,'h., la «P'"l Ih" Qu'"n,. H'," !I1·f,J!Jb. ,,' .. np 'h: c,n ,n 1 pi.ee or p.pet la,hOI h'l h,nd do•• nO, '"u,h it. Thil i, ,,1'0 don. by Id,·wioK PoleJ"oi •• m<r"b~n"

,n ",11i"1 .dul, m'l)<in." ,hhauBh Ihel ."e"k le' ~'ou or ,hc im"""'l;'y A .. ,<lIn.'hom, When I a,l.d ooe ,t Ibem 'he «"""" fa. "'",01 ,b.m. he ~.'''•••d 'hI hewould 10.......... 'b~. hlf ot bi, _""Orne" ,f r,e .,opped lIu..n= in 'be Us., ,h,mU'e" II .,.nao' be ,uP<l..dtd bl' '"" p.ioe,ple o. "ny ..Ii.,on

Th.rc I.e d,H•••o••• be, ..«n ,eli.,on '0 'he Atab ...iao. "nd ,h. ",m•..lilioo, io ,h. US. e'l>Oei,lIl " ru ", Ill"m " "Mce.ned f,om ,h. in,cllo"u.( noio,of Yie" "I~m ,nO (11.m,c mO'.men'l LO Ih. A<~b counll,e, eo"lt"dk, ,h. eoo«PI Of"al;on.b.m .nd il' °'."0,101100 10 • 131•• 0.11.... '0 ,pi'. or ,he ,,,,,•• bi"a,i••1•• '"',n,,,hip bel""" lsl.m "nd "',,,bi,m It II • "ubbon b:t"ier '0 A "umi... l,oaad is "'" rOt III 'h 'le~pm. from A """",, _i,1 Iif. ",'hieb oge 1<>'h ..... Th. hl"a" ""gloo la ,be US h.. be"",m•. ,n • ta"e "'u'.• o3tio".1 .nde,hni. ,ehgi"". like Indli,m Con,.quen,l)' "'hen • m«"". "-a1 held '0 di.eu,. ,h.buildio. of • "''''Que fOT 'he P3lellio"o, io New Jersey. i, ",a~ ~ll.nd.O by lof,il".od .Ytn 31h.i,,, "'ba .p<>k. of Ih. 0.«";'1 of b"ildin. lb. mosqo. Th.y do no,ea".ide. ,h. mOlquO '0 be " 111.« fo' "'orsh,p anll, bu, , pll.. wh••• 'b.y p"..",.,heir A."bi,,,, "od ,hal or ,h." eblld"n, .. "'ell ,,' • pl,« fo. ""Ol-i". ,b..... ,,,bh•• i' •••. cui, .... Ind ,It.e ""3b,e lu.n... The "'''''l0. is· '. "''''bul fot ,be unT'y or,he co"'''',,,,,,)·''

y., 'he IJI.mt< "It.ion h"l beeome poli"<t1ed ,n Ihe P"lclhoi." ud Olhe,Arab eommu""ie,.•1lhoulh i, "'al .li:n...d f.om poli'ie, uolil lh, 1970.. Thi.,,,ult.d hom "n "pp.«i.bl. oumbc' of ".w .mi••• on wha bcloo.ed 10 bl,mi.p(>li'ie~1 p"'''e'. aod beeau.. of ,he ndd.n .omin. '0 pO"... of Ihe f.."d3memlOlistMu.I' .... in hn, Th...ven,i.. "'ila"",d 1 re'n,n '0 , ...dillooll lsi.... ," ud ,11.,p,oceSS is .1I0... a U lb. ,.ta..a .........a.n. F.i,b II known 1<> be wlde·,p,e,O mos."l~,.,oo. Ibe "delly ud illi,...,. "Om.n. bu' poli'i"iz.d ...d;"o".' 1.1,,,, b.. I",nd.mon. ,b. educated ••"ups ud uni' .... ,y 'Iud.".. ",ho belon. '0 'II_mi. ''''''.'''' .. nduoiool ",hi.h h,ye .,o"'n up io ,h. ,,,iou, p.m of ,he US, The'. , •• 10ppOrleo "10""r 'he ,ime b~ .ioh 111.mi••""o,,i«. Sndi A."bi. ,n ponieu(••

..Oae of ,he he,,,.. which uco..r~8n the ,mw'h or (oItOwc•• of ,he lll~",ic

,e("... moye ...."'. io addi,ion '" '''e ;0-1>0"';'" of Jouol ellli.",ol. and the sprud of1.lun'c liten'a,. io the Us. i, the collI/Ie-Shod: _hi,h ,he A,ab faen whe" be Con TOA",.. ica, Til,. i.J doc 'e> .he biB di,.."cpuc, in 'he """"ms. tradi'ions. value. andC1;lOC4'pll be,'"'",,,,,, II>. ,"1, .. ,,,,, SO ,hIt 1st.", becomC$ ,he;, only ,<:SO". nllC.i.lIy in.. iew (If the .1......' total absellce of soc;alill ,lI.i".I<'o.. aad ,h. ,ilOi(icanl w:,. which'h. Amerino ",an media .al<: iaJ! Ihi. 'h,n.l<;oa. 'Maslim poIi,;cal .Ild col,u•• ,ICt'"'''' like the Mu.sli", _oluioo a the .iiI; io ,h. Us. Thi. i. due '0 part tolh. cu"ent .... ion_wide ,rnd of c,hoic consciousoe.. and to I d<s;r< 10 ".pn;,e "'lUll II dfcc" ..dy ao ,he kww. cOIll",,0;'7 hU dOD"'"

The nu"uck of the lob""" ,eli.ion p;"l'" to lhc Pal"hn,u eummun"y ,.tbe US ...... e.o.e of ,bc Cxi.,coec of 0 conniet bc:l.·e.n ,he deyoul P~lnuoion

muse. th«e ud ,be ruadomealali"....100 secm to the public. to be 1IIO,e eurel\l;1t10dpu,il.nic.l. with politinl 1011. f1' f,om ,elilioo, 10 the ..ok. or tbe non-polllic;.edi1 lhe ne'" lene<nion ... bieb , ..... UP in tb. US. rne<inl 'l.inl1 Ihe ,,,d",oulpurilanism of Ibe forme.ly ,el'l;oul pcople. and elpceiolly 'l.in1\ Ih.i, inte,>tnl;onin Ihe beh.yiour.1 prohlem. of ",<mhor. of thc eommuoit)" Such membe.. hHe been.ffee'ed by 'he no'ure of Ame,ie.n lIO<:;e,y, which don no, pl.ee ...epuble beh.viour... i,hln I ccrt.in h.me·...ork•• nd doe. no, cven h.ve • <I"..·cu' dcfio,lioo ror ...ht i.ocoeplOble. We c.n n)" th.t may Mu.tim 'ole5110lOo, who .rew up ,n ,he US belie"in 111.m. But if il il to be eomp"ed ... i,h IsI.m in the At.b world .od ,he mode ofpue,ice of ,Iou hl.m, ,loco it would bo found '0 bc vor)" diffe,en, f,om it IV, o.ac.11 1,Iam io 'he US ODd in mOnne< of .pplieuion 'The re1i8ioa of A"bl in "m"i.. '

Reli,ioo. e,peci.lly lll.m, i•• I .... b.rri.. [0 ."imil.. ion ia Amcdea 1000,0Iy,It will be de.. ,horlly ,hOI ,he 1l1.mic 'oliaioo pl.y•• bia ,olc ia fo<:u\.iai'.Ieil;oion Ameri"n polilic,; b,ltd., ", [0' Ch,isti.ni,y, it ;\ 1.11 re,ill,nl 10'llimll.,lon io Ameri"n .ooi.,y, where Ihere i. a "ppH'ehemen, bet ..... a th,Chrilti.a .nd Americ.n 'ullure., The O"hodoo 3re ,Ion" Ch""i.n, moSI rclill~n' 10

~lSimH'lion

Al,hnulh 'American' 1.I.m il on ,h, ti« .monl Palell;n13n Am."caa..(uad.menlah.. I.lam is I.owiai OI ,he e.p.o« of Ihe '1'1"0,·.1 of li""..1 Ih,nk,nl,... hich is found amonl ,hem Al'hoOlh Isl.mi. fuod.meot.li,m .iml It .""kinl the'ol..,in;.n left io America .nd in ,he home coua"l mo" of all, ye' to,.,h....i,h 'helef, tbcy ~rc ,udually bot confidently ,nvadinl the ""ddle POSll;Ort.l in 'alestiniuAme,;con .pbcres.

No,..

I Muso•• 1910:0. 152. AI-Quuz, 1979, IIJ, IsIllOd, 1976. J9J~, Musur. 191Ob. 975 Man1u •• 1910:0. 1056. Mz"IU'. 1910... 977. Abuh.",. 1915. >0•. ro.ullIU', 1910.., 909. N.H. 1915.710. Oon.,mon. nd. SII. AI.Quu•• 1979.27I~. Ab'lb.m &. Abuh.m. 1915. J61J. AI·Quu%, 1979.4614, Ab,ohom It Abrah.m, 1915. 5'IS. Tum., 1951, 916. 11moel, 1916. J9S17 Narr, 19!5, Ilao AI·Q.u.., 1919. ISS19. N.n, 1955, 132'-0 Ab"ham &. Abrah.m, 1915, 124

•

19. Nan. 198~. lJ220. Abraham &. Abrahan,. lnj. 12421. COllesn,"n. nd. I22, AI'Quou, 1979.40·4123. Abr,ham &. Abraham, In~. 3824. Abraham & AbrJh.m, 1985. llJ2~. ,\I'QJua>, 1979.85

•

I

l

..2. PALESTINIAN AMERICANS "ND THE PALESTINE QUESTION

IIi. dirriclII' '0 find a hlulIII,all ."y_hue i. the _ ... Id who i. ""aWl.. ofllu: .... r;"". alp"C" of .he Palesti.,n prable.. aftd who don Dol hue' i.... 011 lh.""'1" ill _hicb it <::on be resolved. OoC:ldu or upC,icncc hIve .....de lbe hlc51i",.ou ""i,bly pOlitical people, lod lhi. OS u ..... or ,b••,latini'll """''''u"i.y in lhe Vllllc"St.,es u it " "r ""J' ol.lI.r ·U"lIk. nrher uri'"sl.. poS!·1941 Arsb i",,,,i••a.... buech...ct.tiuioll)' 1><." mg•• cdD.s'.d Ind POliti"ud.·' The majo."y of POSl-I9alA,ab ;",,,,i.rulS We'c '.les.ini.....

TIle complu 'Ln",. of ,be '"lu,;a;"., C1Ue"'''", the dirr•• ill, COlldll'OIl' ill..h,eb hl...;"i.... [iv" as" COIII<:'III<"" of ,h. diuPO" Ind " \';II;.'J of Olher lOCill.econo,,",. Ind political faclon, hyc led l'alclli"is", to adop, " ""mbe. of approochellowlrds ,lie malle' or IIow besl to resol~e ,hi. p.oblem. The, diffe, 00 ,II. urio...inlles of wll,ch part of ,hei, <olInn, ,he, ..·.a'. how '0 ttl"n i" "'he,he, 0. nOt ,lie'....at. I';Ilut",i.,. <talc. ,he na,",. and fu,"res or SIlcll a <late and ilS c.piul ThC"diffe' oa ,h. id<1llon '0 be adop,ed, .. he,her or no, '0 "eel" 'he S,"e or Is.oel and,if ,he, do, On 'he natll,. or ,he ,elahonsltip '0 be e...blislted ... ilh it. The, diffe, on...110 arc ,ltc" enemi...od ..10o are ,h<i, lilies .nd lite app,optia« '<opGn.., ,ou<h

II is Ihei, d'<CCI con,"c, ,,'i,h 'h<i, hGmd.nd lit .. impch Pale",ni.n, ,n ,he US'o....d. e~er-Ircuer polili<i..,ion II is clear ,hl1 ,he flllelllatini fort lineS of IhePaleStinian resi".nee h.ve had I p,ofGllnd implet on Ihe eommunilY" del'OC of<omnli""Cnl '0 'he P.le.,in,.n eau,e "lleoen, ,I ..di«, how.'er, have t<~ulcd ,h..<cfl.,n ,mm'l,"n, g,oup' m.inllin ""emoly dOlO eon,"cl wi'lt ,~c mG'h., eOlln"y:'An IInder"anding of 'he rull impli<lliGnl of Ihe'e "'!CmenU. rcq .. i,es I 'ho'ough.umina,ion of • number of npccl' of Ihe p.l.,,;ni.n Q ...st,on, Ind d... il.deGflSideration of r.le.I'ni,n Am..ieln .""ud•• lo .....d, ;1,

'>'lllt .. de, low..d. ,h. P1.0

lIeprc'Cnlalion. ro, Ihe Pole",nlln., " I ~c,y ,mpa'I'nI .nd campi.. iSl ..e,beca .. ,e of Ille diffie .. lty of hHin, a 1"dc'IIIip eme'le by ,radi,ional .I•• ,G•• Ime,"o,b when fo.. ,-fif,II. of I people are li",n. io c.ilc_ He.led di,p .. ,es "k. placeImon..,' F'ole"'niaas Iltem>e'y" conce,n,n. ,h. ,n..e of ,ep,cscntahon, an,] 1100be,w.en P:lleSliniu. aDd hn.el, and bel"••n Pale.,ioi~n. ud Ihe Anb ,",cs. The.el~l1.' baul~ by 00 mclO' coded .. i,h ,h. 19U RIb.. .>.nb S"",,,,il Re",l .. lton.ceo.nmn. ,h. PLO a. 'he 101. lelillm.,e I.p,...n,ui~c of ,ho Palesllnilo people

I, i. elc~, ,loa, ,be PIIU1l"iUl A_roclns, ' .... 'dl... or ,hei, ale, p,ofeosio".,h.i, pllte of o,ilin. ,II." Icad.",ic le'c1, ial coodi,ion. and Ih.i, edl101l00l1..... 1&1 and .c1i.ioo. back••o"nd, 111 .. "II I f.w p,ioo., ."ppaf! ,he 1'1.0 I' ,It. so,.I••i'i"'at. rep,esen'al,ve of 'il. P:llcsl,n,ans; ,. pe. cen, of OM' 'espondents '''PPO"lite 1'1.0 s"o".ly, II 1''' «0' '''PPO'' " w". ,ucf'llioo.. "od onl, fhe pe, eu, doaD, <on.'d.. ;, ,Ite so,e I••ill....,. «I>""o,u;'" or lite hl...,ini....

Oi.., ....,oo wi,b some of Illose ..11o uprcn.d ,ese.Yllio". lbo.. ' ,he 1'1.0 .. Ih.sole .epresenl"'ve of ,he P:l1.Slioian people ...... led. Ihu ,his did nol ae....."lyimpl, '''PPO'' fOl altc,n.,i"c poh\lal bod,,::•••i",pl, ,hll lloe '"divid"ll. llIJulIoaeddi ed with ce"ain co...... of achon adOpled by lite PLO ludersltip \Ii,. Ihi. ,n, nd II can be SlotC1l ,h' n.l pe. cenl of all ,.,poodeo.. do. '0 a .'U'C, 0' Ie...'de,rcc, '''PPO'' 'he PLO .. Ihe ,ep,ucn'"'~. of ,•• hl."in;lnl.. Many ,poke Of 'bep,ide of Ille l'aleSl'nian <:o",,,, .. n'" wheo V...." A..h, deli~..cd Itis .peeeh befo.e,ltc United Notioo. Geoeml A•..,,,,bly ,n 197., Ihe day on ""hieh ,b. world "colniud,hc Pllu,inians .. I p.opl.

Th. ",os, infl .. rolial fac'G' conoe,n,ns ,c,pondents' 'UPPOtl fOf '"c PLO w..,IIc uten, 10 ...hiell m.mbers of the US Pal."iniao Comm..ni,y IIaye bceomeuli",illted i",o Am..i".o <ocic'Y. which il ","ly id.ntificd by pia.. of biflh Ind"pbrin"n•. A <101c link ..... found IG ..i" b.......n respond.nts' pllce of bi"" aodIhei, '''1'1'0'1 or tbe P1.0, Of Iho•• p.opl. bo,o in hi"o,;e,,1 hl.. 'in., 92 pc, cen'b."k ,h. 1'1,.0, IS <omp>red ... i,II 39 p.r ..nl of 'ho.e born in lo,dln. and 37.5 pcr «nlof Iho•• bo,n in 1..b.non Tile cGltnponding fisu'e ro, 'ho,. bo,n in ,."n.ric...... 4'

..

,

per COllI.. 11 il wonh notini Ih., onl~ f.'v" per cenl of Am..io.n_born P.I.llini~Ol doIllll. cOM,de, ,he PlO n Ihe ,.Prc<Onl~II". of Ih. P31cuini.n peoplo, lh. r.m~inin& SOpc< .cnl h•• ,nl .O'.....d "\loo', kno ..•. which mUllS lila, <llhe. 'hey lI.,ve 00 idc:a.bo\&1 rhe PLO, 0' ,h., lhey arc nol at III concer,,04 .. i,h il. II is 'be,do,•• bllnd.o,ly de.. Illn ""'orican-born Pal... ioi.lIS OrC mor' hllr ...imil.'cd in,o USsoeict)' Ihn those bora " otbe, coaDuia.

Lc~onc.·boto Palnt;o;... d.IDO""~t<d :0 hi,lIer percenUt. or ao,i.PLOr••liol ,ioc< Un. ,'OllP is "bu:>.,,,,,,.d by iu '.d,eali......nd it en be coo.l"ded d•• lIhe)' arc tnll-PlO bca"uc 'hey Kc the olan••uien as ;clUffi"i."\l)' tc;vOllll;oUryThe 'ok played by .u""L1ation io,o "",,,ien sode,y in dorin;OI the Plle.ricin"m<r;cas' attltllde lo....d. Ihe pLO, ,~ highlllhled by the euenl of lhe <UT>Ondenl"knowlodle of Ihe Ar.bio l.nlu'le. A~~r<lxi""lel~ .even per oeM or lho" unfunill"wllh Ar.bic do nol 'u~porl lho pLO, II '131nll 2S per cent who do, while U por cenl"h.d no ,de.' InorUlod Amerio.ni'llion .eoml unreilled '0 ei'h.r .u~po" for or.nl'looi.m low..d~ lbe pLO. bUl IIlher .ppe.rs 10 le.d 10 loo<c...d neu".·llIYlowards ,h. or...olUtlO" Or dec1ini"l kno.. ledl. ,boUl IL

""temp.. "ere ....de '0 .... lu.t••dd'lio".1 he'o~ rellli.1 ,be ,nfluCll.co of.p,millli"" 0" ." ,,,d, .. ,dll.l·, ,upport for 'hc I'LO ...d i, ..... di"""vercd ,b., ,b.1'''III'le c"lII_nly ""'d by ,he respo"d.n, ..... ".d,clli~,,- 93,6 per ••", of 111_ ..1111upre..ed IUpport for til. plO babi'u.lly u!Cd ollly Anb,c....d c'lIl lbcrefor. beconlider.d ICII ...U·...imilll.d iMO Am.ri."n sociely lh." Ih. I.) per cenl "r E"llilb.onl~ ,oukinl !'LO-,u~IIO"e~ N"n. "f lhc I."er .rou~ rejeol.d tbe !'lO u 'here~re•• nlltl .. "r the P.I."inl,n o."pl •• but 91.1 oor oenl ..~liod lh31 'he~ h.d no~icwl On Ihe lubject. The corollu~ 10 'ho iSlU. or lnO I.nllu.,e • p,Je"inl.n...merino norm,lJ~ Ukl, i. the nllion.lily or hi, frlcnd!: 92.3 p.r c.M or thOle whoh,vc Ar.b r".nd~ lu~porl Ihc PlO. whilc sa .• per cen' of IhMe .. ilh Amer'c.nfricnds hlv. no idea. whi.h showl lh. I'ca. ,nd,rfercn•••mool 'he "'m..icuizedconc.,ni"l 'he represcnlllioo of ,h. p.I...i.i....

Ano,her f.<1o. couid.r.d ill u>cuinl lhc I.fluc"ce IIf ..s.imilllio" i",oAmcri..." _,coy "' .espoodcou· Ilhludes lll....d. Ihc PlO i~ lbc ....O..Cr ill _bid. aniodlv'du.1 elloo",~ .11 bri ... up hi,ih. cbild,u (7.7 OCr ceO, IIr Ih_ ..hll 1I~.cd '0briol up Ih.1r orhp"... Ilonl Alllc.iun lin.. 'up""n.d lh. plO ud nol On. penonrrom IlIi~ Irou~ c"~re,..d opposi.ion .0 'hc PlO••tlhouib n.) pe. cen' .aid lhe~ bodnn fl,m ~jewl on Ihc ~U~1cCI. Thil Ic~ull i~ in Iinc wilh olher ';anl or nl,mil.,ionwhcrc • ,iI.. ble pro~ortion l3id lhl thc)' b.d 00 .icwl 00 lhe queslion or PlO·rcpresen.uion ~'C'UI. il ... 'U~1cCl Which don nol conCern lhom. or lholC whochMC 10 brinl up lh.ir Children in lh. ".dili"n,l Arsb "'Y. 91,1 pcr cenl orc ~r....plOInd S,S per ecn, Inli·PlO. ",•• rly.1I Ihose qu"lioned from Ihls I.ltcr ••oupuprclSCd an altJlud. lo....d. 'b. PlO. On~ ~) o••oolh.r

la lh;~ Il..dy. "e tricd 10 ,h••ucnl IIf the ,nflu.nc. <If a"'lIIil.."", ;nlOA_riel" SOClOly .... lhe p.lcllilli mcrie.... Tllctefo.. wc <oncenllned "" lhcligoificnee IIf .hc lilO. "f ...illl;I." on Ih. al1i,udc....·e 10'101 III Il"dy, "'"CAlilln"'s~ .Iso t)lid IlIlbc eu.nl III ..·IIioh .espon<lc"" ~e~t Sbr.all <If eu".nl sfhi~ In Ih.hom~ COIIA"~ .nd ,h. ".rton"" of lhi. hOlO' on lhei, 'l1ilUde .o .,d. lhe PlO It...... round ,h.t 92.2 pcr ccnl of thOle whll rollo ... PII.lllni.n n IUpport Ihe PlO.while S.6 ~er Cent OppOIC il: 14.1 pcr cenl or lhOI. who rollow Ih. ncw, "occnlonllly",uppon 'he PlO••nd 4.2 PC' ccnl Ife o~oo.cd 10 it, while lhe "malnln, II.! pcr eenlhad no o~ioioo. or .110......ho do nol rollo,", event! In lhe hom. countr~ 31 ,11 (lnd",ho ar. lhe mOS< Americanized of lhe re.po..dcnll) )).) per ceal .up",," lhc plO. 66.1per ceol havc AO vi.on 00 lhe 'Ub;eCl, Illd 000. " III sr. IIIi"'1 it. Thi~ co"...po..d.wi,b «plies Ii.... 110 p••viou~ly·tDColloo.dfa.III'"

Tbe fin.l .Ic.... nl ,.It... '010 1...... 01 i. lhi. seclio" of 'h~ survey .... s lh.iadivid... l'l desi« .11 ,clurll 10 live io hi!!orial I'I1..lIoe "cr••O.h I popibiJi,yorr.r.d hilll. Or In lh. evco' of • solu,;oa beioa fou ..d to lhe I'.Jcsllnian problem..An....c .. 10 lhi. hypolbelic.1 qo."iol rcvealed lhat .b"", lcoll likely 10 le",e ,hcUni..d SIU.......e .IJQ ,ho.e l.u••u~po<".e or .hc plO 60 OCt cen' of IhMCrclue'a .. ' to rclu'" "'C'C pro·PlO, 92.S PC' .e"l of lhOI< ... ilhlna .0 fe'u'n orc P'o-

PLO. ,ad H IlU ~eol or those: who d,d 110' kllOW wh.,he, 0' Dol 'hey ""110, '.Iu'n,l"eo ,h. OllllOrlUllity, WU. p,o-PlO

n. "'OIlOnioll of PLO '''lIllOnul I .....al ,hOK .olue"'" 10 l.u. ,he US iJqUll. ,0Mllatill Thil ,"ould ""e ... ,.. illdiu,. ,Iou I e.rtlill ..umbe. of ,hem ...100 ...Il0' a.eCSS3,ily "'lilly ...i""I d feel thll ,hei. hlllily , ..d .",,"o""e ."e"!IU,ue.,..""Id ..Ik. " diHicl111 ror ,h 111 ,uur... RallOld.al> who up"sscd • duir. 10'e1I1'" "e,e .cc..""" ..f ,d•• li Illd uo.elh'y: ,f ,CII iol bec...... poss,ble, Ihose:..ho .. ill retu.o ... ill be much fc.·u ill IIU",be. ,h... ,hose illl ,ltcy .. ilk t.. 110"

It 'Illl..n ob.iouJ; f,olll ,hc lbo.c thal ,be d.I'CC of • p.lcnill'u ""''''<III''u.,,,,ilalio," into "",.,iean soc'.'y bu I CGIlSidu.ble iofluence On bi, ""uude ,ow"d,,h. PlO u ,h....1. 1.li'imal. rep,""'n'ali•• or ,hc p.l.st'n'u pc""l.. E••• )' so of.....,hc "",uieln ml.. ",.d,. dome I 1'01111 or PCGPI. '0 .ep'CKn' ,he 1'11•.\110'"11 PCGPI.III 'he .ulI,e.,." pc,e. n.I..,il,i..III, bIll "0' ,hc PLO

0,10.1 IOC,.I .1.......11 suell II ,he p,of.",..o. iocome-bro.k.,. I.v.l or edUI:IIIO...• ,., IPIl..,ed t.. hI". Iinl. Or Il0 ''''IlICI 00 110. p.lestiniu " .... ll.IO'S Ini'ud.to..."ds th. PLO. Rdi.ioo .ISO 1l1'1Cd , ... illo, ,ole, ,I'hollBh ''''0 d.f,ni,••'."'.0".m.'Ie.d· fin' .1011 Christi.". II. mo•• e"'ly , .. ,mil.ted ,n A", •• ien SO.'ely (O"d,h.i. I,,,,ud. low.. 'd. ,he PLO is ,b...by .ffc...dl I"d secondly thu somc Mu.lim.IUllllon Is1>mie movem."ts chit It. nOI m••• ly ou"id. ,h. PlO, bUI or,." I.,i,'cly11"ns' i, AmooB CII,;stiu «spood.o,., 16,~ II.' C.OI ...... p.o·PlO, and mmonBMUIliml .11••0".'lIoodio. f'IU'. "'11.1 ~.,y olo.c _ 7).7 pet c.", Nooc or 110.Ch,;"i.nl io'..,i .....d •• oren.d ,.,.,,,",iool in ,n.i. ,upplln roo In. PLO, mod oOn."'''.''I.inu h, bo' ~pp,o.im..oly 00. qu.ll., sa,d 'h.y II.d no opinion IS.4 OC' ceo,of Mu,lim. o.pr<.<ed ,o,.,,·u;onl;n ,lie;. IUPPO" for ,h. PlO, .nd 6,1 p•• e."I "·e,."1"011 iI, Til. f,c' tha' ,am. :S P.' Ccn, or ,II. ell"",.n, que.lioo.d dC.lin.d '00111'.11 .. ny .i..... 00 ,h••ubj.or of 110. PLO, T."•• I, ,IIei. hiBh.T dClre. ofOlSimiluioo ;0'0 us 'OO;.ll G.n.,ally 'lI.okinl ,110 I... d••ou' ,h. Pllnlin,ooAm.".,n, III. mo,. ~. " lik.ly '0 'UIIIIOl! Ih. PlO R•• pond.otS ..ho ·ol ..... ys"'lIended III.c., or "0""'11 t II.,II.. MUllim 0' ell,,"'.. n) ••p.....d ".onB ,uppo.1 fo.,II. PLO by n.1 PC' ceo, hilc non·b.li.,......« &2.6 per cco, p,o·PlO 116 p.,~.'" of ,hOI....100 ·,'w,y," o"o"d pllCU Or "'ouhip It. ,nll·PLO, 0' .,. ~.9 II.' ••01of ,b""....no ·occa,ioo.lli' "'end; nOnC of ,he ..on-bel,..... «;Cet." ,h. FLO.

"II Plles,u.i, .., "I'ce ,hll ,b.,. " • "'In,i,"o IIrobl.", ...d 'h' lhey " ...beca ,obbed Or ,b.i. rillt'.. bu' ,hi, doo nOI 11'1.'.01 III.... rrom din ;OI lboll ,h•...... , Ipp,<>p.i"e WIYI 10 10 lboUI h"'"1 these "Ihts ''''ored So belic_c Chll •m,ll'lfy:l<ll io.. iI 'he ooly r.."bl IUI Olhus r.jee, ,bis op,ioo in r••o of• IlOltlieol '011'''''010. A tbi,d """II llrer.n I """,bin.,io.. or .". t_. E"I .ilh,..Id"',.oll of ..... 'OO.OICh., '''.r. il diPI' ••"'.Il' lbo", lb. be.. war '0 ;..."1....... 'cb.ir o,.f " """'S< of ."'i.....

Tllos bo ,oPPO<' 'be ih'lfy soluUolI If. d,vid.d 01 ...b.lh•• " sbould ,.k.th. fo.... or Is.....;. Jiud o' ..". <:011 ....'10..11 ....f .... ba.ked UII hy 10.'''11.1."00_ For SO""" I IlOhtic:ol IlIIl'OICb ""plin ".I..'illiol ",i,h 1"..1, .ilh•• di'ectlyor ,h,oul" 10 il'.t1Ialional pcl...000rUCOCC .. i,b 0. wi'''.... ' ,b. 0I""iOl'i01l of ,h.So.,., Union hlest,oilo,' d'."lCnt .i..... DO 'hi, nbje•• renec, m,lin.dn thu , ••• ilh.. fund.",.nlally ,obje<li.e O. rn.l, hom obje.li o,id."li.....

WII.n I'Ilos,ioi.nl li.iol io ,II. Unite.d SlUes OU.l1i..o.d 00 ,b." ",."'"'.ll1diol , IlOlilicol solu'ioa. 1.9 PC' cea' or ,bill. jo,.,.i...e.d .~II••ucd I $1'0111p.d.,.nce fo. i', )Ll PC' c.al UII,....d I .Iilh' llrefe••oce. 4S pe, ccot w.,. '1linl1,I lod 14.9 PC' cen' II.. d 00 id... II 111 On ,be ,ubject. WII.n ..k.d ,bou, , ""Ii"ry,olution, 44.9 PC' ce .. ' Stltcd '"11 ,hil "'" ,h. only pOII,bl. ,pp10.ch, 27.' PC' ceo,we.c in r....ou. bu' ... i,h ••,.,vllion" 11.9 oc' ceo. Wct. IK"O" .od 9.4 II.' c.M hid.... id ..., II Ill. T.. keo II a ...1001., ,hi, I••ml '0 ,""••1 ,h" ,II. US Paln,inianeommunlly h•• liul. eonrid.oce io I 1I0Ii,io.. ' lolmion Ind ...ould lI,II •• OP, fOf amHIl.. y '011",••11, 00 th. B.aund, ,11"1 00 1I0Ii,;•• 1 ,otu,ioo will I••d '0 Ilra.1i'.OOloil;on of P.I."'n"" ,iB"ts. OU"OI the "OU'" of .ub.equ.o, di.cu.. ioo, ,om. or

,

-

"tho,. Quellianed c1~bor~lcd on their ~"$"'C" by laying lho! the «o,on they opted (a,o POliTico I lolotion i. that they dO nOt bel.i,. ,h. I dthn Ihe Pal.nini'nI Or the Arob.as ....hole If< capable of ddulin, • ,,,on, .... mcrk.n·b;,ck.d brac!. An .ulpi. of,be ,cl.'lnl lOCi., ''''ables Irf.clio, Ihe ""inion, or the Palntoni"" <Gmmunity 011lbe JSSlie of I "'10';011, fuca].d a number of ,o,er• .,i", POiou. Fa. caalllpk••J.4 PC'cu., of all ..... In ,"t«v,.",.d we« i. hvpo. of • mililory IPP'''''.\> (32.6 per "eo' oftllem. howeY«••i'l> ..urn-lioa.' wit" 15.1 per Cell\ "pillll; .... ile n.s per cent offemale ...pOod..... _cr. ill fupar (lSJ pel nil...i,b ,_,ntio..o>. 1l.6 pcr «'"apio.1 lod 21.6 1'<' cco, "'i,l> 00 idea. 10 Uch or tbe '''0 cl.lcl0Ties (....1. aod{".... I_jlh. percent••• of .hoso: wi,b '00 ideO" "., olmo,n .'I"iVlleo, to 'he IUm '0111Or tho.e fo, and al.i"" I mil,tar~ IIIII,,,,,,cll. In lhe cnc of ,he womco 'Ioellioncd. ,hehilh II,OP<lft,<lo of Ih<lle wi,h ·M ide." ml\' be accoun,cd [", b~ 'hei, I'Olilicalbackwa,dncOi 0' b~ iln,.,acy, The yOUngef gene,,,,o,, i> mOre inclined '000' (0' Imilila,~ app,o'ch 'hon olde, mcmlle,s of 'he eo"''''uoi,y; 47,~ lie, cenl of 'ul'Ondcnuuodc, 40 favoured .,. whil. ooly 16.1 PC' cent ,ejcclod i,. Of ,hOle o~e, 40. ooly 31.7pcr cen' ClIITCued I preference fo, a m.I',",y 11I1I,,,,,oh.

!>bay younl I'>k.lIa.ao A.... 'icaa. ate kllllwa 10 llI~e joiaed 'he ,esi"an"" Ind"""""'<cd ,he re~ol"t"'n dari"l ,he "an ... Leba ..o... Illd 'hey were "0 daub',afltleneed by 'be Amellel" lover...ea,'s d~;,ion '0 ex"adi'c 'hc youl Palesti .. iuZ.iad Abu Ein '0 Israel whcro ho wli Wlnled aD ebules of iavolvetDCo' ,a Illao';"11bomb ,n Je'uule .... A sizeable ".oponio" of ,he PalcslJaianl ;a the US were bo.aei,hor in h;""f'ul PIles,;ne 0' i. ,he US. A n"mbe, of 'be .... howev.., llso emilflledfrom ncilh\>Oo,inl Anb ooonlfie., lIf1ncill.ll~ lo,dln Ind, '0 a Ie.... d.I'.c. 1..0b.non,Sy,ia and ElYP'. Thc plate or the" hirlh "'II found '0 pla~ a m.jo. ,ole indc'crm,n;nl P.le",,,i.nl' a";tude ,oward,. mjlilal~ solution or Ihe ';'ullion,

Th...c ",ho Wefe bo'n ,n Arab coonlliel (Lehanon <:Ice,,<cd) ulI,e"cd IhcIuonae.. ,e;celiOD of I mili•.,y $01",ion 28.6 PC' cen' of ,hose f,om ,"" Gulf "ates"'cre ala.oSt i. and 25 I't'f cent of 'hO$<: frOID Jorda The IILi",cs. "'ol><l<,iOn of ,hO$<:.i,h ·00 ;du" ,cI~.diol .lILc iss of a otili ....y a"llr ch h>d hee. lIou '0 'hc Uni.cdSta'es. Leba.ne·bo,. Pales';n, crc _, ."o..&lY 'a fuou' of a Dil;,a,ya"",oacllL (S6J PC' c••" ...htlc oaly ~S PC' CCnt of Alllctic..,bo,. h.les,illi~I>' fell.;,h,o ,hc same eltclo'l' The (U, Ihat a cOl>t,dcrablc Dumber of .host: PIle.. inianslion in Anb c....nl.i .. f,v,,"'cd. milila,)' solotion may pc,h.ps be accounted for h~

lhei, ".ccariou, po"t'on in ,ho.e counBie•• ond bl' fccllnl' Ih.. Ihcy arc nol 00 In.Qual foo,;nl ",ith the nU'on"I. A nombec of f~CtOfi hlvc "layed a ,olc in",ens,heninl ,he "PalClline-bond" upc,ie"ccd by ma"l' Plksti"i.n. "",n. or Upr<scn, livinl. in Ame,ica or La"n "mc,ica. 00' lcalt .moni thcm the ref"I..·ho,,·,cI.,ion,h'" thlt lovc.ns so ",uch of ,hci, livel. Pe.ha.....he most Dote,*O<lh~ fact i.,h~, i. it a,ier for a P.'e.,ini.. '0 be assilDila..d in,o Amcticaa 0' La"a Americansocie'y ,hln ia ... 'hit of Atah eou,,;e....ch u Jo.d.... K"wII' 0' Leban..... 10 'hcMOddle Eall this has I't',vencly IILld a vcry po5'ltve erre.. oa ,he '"lesti"ian 'IOes.iOll,bcCltlK '"leshnianl i. th.... Arab societies hive eQU".. ,aCl<:d ,h<i, r..1inp of,,,fcrio,,,y by joinitll ,he revolut'on ..d nlh.ial '0 <Clail> 'hc;, I.... ,ilh.l.

In addi,ion ,.. ,bei, IIlace of birth, Pales.iniao AmedcI".' place of ,esidencep,io, '0 imm'ln,;on '0 ,hc Utlitcd St..es .lso con"i'ulc, atl impo'latl' fac'o. 'n tbe"lI,itudc 'o .... ,d. a milil"y 'olu,ion '0 the Palntioi,,, ",obl.m. The 'IoCIl;onna;lefevealed ,hll' a military lolulion cnjoYI Ic .. 'up"o,t amona tho.e Palestinian Ame,icanlwho "'cre IIvinl io 1".cI before mov'nl '0 thc Stue., o' ... ho em'a,..ed before 1948rrom ,he arcas which ao", ..... kc up ,he SIUC of I".el. This c.n be ;n'erp,cted ••meaniol ,hi' .hose who have lived SOme part of ,hei, live, in Is..el afC un_illi"l '0eoun'co.nce .. mili..,y 1....'01.h, and ,hos.c who cm;ltate<! bdo.. 19-Ia a'e ....... 'aei"l1-tld. in ,hci, yonth, .eeeived httle or "0 <:doca,io... h hIS already ..netled rr_..lti.,i.. 'I ..o,ed carlic. ,hit ,be "ie of respooden" i. ;" iuersc p,opoflioll '0 .bci.i..el;na';oo '0 Oll. fo, a .. ili'IrY $01"';0".

·Thil lu,vey wal carried ou' du.ial ,he Firl. WI' of thc Camp, io Bei,u' be, ..cen theAmal milili. and ,he Polestin;loL

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"

during period, of polil;C.1 "nd mililory PLO expa.,ioo aod 01 lime. when lbeo.gooizalion i, e1po<od 10 mililary raids.

The 1\<3eli oUrc"i.. io Leb.non in 1982, ,he deparlore or lhe PLO f,om!lei rut.•nd ,he .ub,equen, 'chi,m ia PLQ rank, di,mayed many Pale"ini•• Americ.o.who <lopped dODOlini Wilh lhe "me deBree of Beoero,i'y. In addilion to refleerinBlheir polilieal de,ponde.ey, [heir aCl;oo wao iodie",i~e M lhe elo,e lie, persiuiogbelweeo US Pale,,;ni,n, and ,hci, hrOlhers io lhe Arab world, aod lhe .bseoce of 10111."imilo,ion ;ow the ho" coo"rry, Fund,.i,ini i. 'he cle..o<, and most impofl.nlexpr."ion of a Plle..;ni.o Americao', polili.ol ac,i~hm. Thi. Idd, ,oolher ,ole 10 lhcbu,ine.,m"n of hi8h iocome which i. dooalioo. A degree of muwol under"andiogexi,ts among the 'upporters of lhe variou, Pale.,'ni,n organi.alion, in lhc US, ,nd fhe1II0st signifiean, y.,dl1iek 0i.ios, which l<> mc••urc ,he powcr of .oy o,ganlzo'ioo i,lhe amoon[ of money " ean rollO .noo,II\' from amoog lhe membe," of lhe Palestini.neommunlly, [, is cUSlomary, .t lhe conelu,ion of Paleslioi.n mccliog, Or ,oeialgo'heriog" 10 e1ecl • commillee to ,upervise fundr.i,ina, Such commitlee. 'He u,uallym.de up of iodi~idu,l, from ,h. higher-income bracke" who will IhemsolH' m.ke,ub"anli.l don.,ion•.•od will g.in preSlige io lhe commuoily beeau," or ,heir newpo.i,ion.

10 odd;lion '0 lhe.e ,0ei.1 faCtors Which, a. has been ,hawn, ue" aconsiderable influenco in definini lhe r.lestinian Amerie.ns' >l.nd with ",peel 'a amllila,y ,olulion to the P.I..lioi.o problem, Ihere ore lwo fu"he< clement< thaI meri,deloiled eommcnr: reliaion .nd ,he b.llol·box. E.r1ier quoled "ari"i.. ha~e .hown,hor • Pole"in;ao Americ.n·, .. ligioo i. elo.ely-rd"cd '0 his ",od regordinB amilit.ry '0101'00, Mu.lim ,uppo"e" of Ihi, op,ioo outnomhcred Chri"i.n .dheren"by 2 to 1 (4B.4 per Cenl 10 23.8 per cent) .nd lhe percontoge in e.eh group or lho,erejecli08 lhc milirary .ppro.ch was appro.im.lely Ihe ume (ll.~ per cenl or Moslim•• nd 16.1 per cen, of Chli"io.,), The size.ble proportion of Christian re,pondcn" who,oid lhey h.d "no ide." i. prob.bly due to 'h. f.el th3l they "'ere more Ametic.oilcdond hence lhc "P.lestine·bond- in lhem tendl 10 be weakcr ,h.n in thei, ),iu,limeoun,erpor". Discu"ion of lhi, ratl in grcaler deplh m,de il very clear ,hal ,herc i. 0defioile link belw"•• re,pondenl', "re.glh of religiou' f..linB .nd hi. alliludeloword, • mililary solu[i01l 10 lh. r.l."i.ian question, or .11 ,ho.c who are religiou,ob,er~erl, 40.8 per enn' ore in [noour of • m;';IO'Y ,0lUlioo .nd 19.4 pet eenl .. jCC[ ;1;for non-ob""ers, Ihe equinlent figure, a'e 45.6 per cenl in f.vou, .nd 16.2 per cenl.g.in... The m.jorily of rale"in;.n Americ.ns ,..ho uid lhey h.d "no idea" e.mefrom lhe awnp of non-observ.". The elemenl of Amerie,niz'lion of 'ho,e questiooedi, undoublOdly liok.d lO 'he "rength of thei, religiou, feeling, aod, in 'urn, 10 thei,'llilude lowards • militory ,nlulion. Thi, Sl31elIlent i, borne au, by lhe facl Ihat lhe,ur~ey re~e.led ,h'l .. 'poodon" who ,"id Ihey "occ.,iooally' .ltond.d pl.ce, ofworship Ind who w..e 10.. Amerioanizod, exprc1Sed groal.. support fo, I militarylolution Ih.n eilher lho,e who "alw.y'" attended or lho,. who "never' anended.

Thc seoood hetor ...oeialed wl,h Iheir ""im;lation inlo Americao sodOly i,the re,pondenl" parlicipalion in US elec,ion,. Thc lc,s ...imilored who do nO' choo,..0 ~n .. arc the ".uoeh.., ,opporters of • mil,t3,y solulion, The ,or~cy rc~ealcd,

ne~<f,helen, ,h.1 32.5 per eenl of Ihis groop rend 10 prefer Ih. Democralic Parly aod20 per cent the Republic.n.. Pale"iniao Amerie.", who .elively ,uppOrt thcRepublic.n P.rry (traditionally lhe p.ny of Ihe ,..eallhier cla..c,) expressed thel1ronBes! re,ill.ooe 10 • mililary ,olulion of rhe Middle East confliol. Respondentswho do volc fall inlo twO catesoric' . Iho.e .... ho go 10 Ihe b.1I01 I>ox [ram loy.11Yeilher 10 Ihei, p,rty Or '0 ,he US .......hole .ad who feel il Iheir duly 'a p.nidpatein elcction.; and lho,e who ~~lC in an ,tlempl [0 influence US policy nod gaio great..support for lhe P.le"i.ian c.u.e. [rrespccli,'e of the differins ,"iIUd.. of ,ho......ho,upport Ihe Domocr." .nd those who suPPorl lhe Republioons, the trurh of lhe malterrem.io, ,hOI Ihe lc," the P,I'SI;ni,n Amer;can is ;n~olved in US polili«, tho moreinclioed hc i, 10 fovour a mil"ary ,olulion 10 the Arob·[sr.dl eonflicL

MoSi p,le"in;.n Amerie.n. (aod indeed Pale"i.i.n' in geoer.l ,,"'herover lheyJi~e) percei.e US policy lowards lh. Midd'. 10'" as detrimentll to the Pal."io;.n', ;0Ih., ill supporl for I"ael «ntribnles '0 Ihe eon,inu.d deoill or p.lcstini.n rishl'.

How - lod ~Yen W""~CI . 1010 abo", iMluenein, US policy 10 If '0 mIke i. mG••pro-Arab. i. an nt,cm.I}' CMlroY."'.l ;....e amon, r.kn;n;ln.. PrcdiOl.bly, Ik.more responde"" believed in 'he IXIl1ibili,y of diminishi"g US blck;n. for Isr.el, ,h"lell inclined 'hey "'cr. '0 ravout I mili' ••y ..,lu';on, ond the mo•• 'hey OPl<d for.poliTic. I apprOlch. Of ,hOle wl\o "'ere convinced ,liar i, was po•• ib!. 10 cuI b.ck US"'ODOn for h ...1. only D.S P<'t coo, up,c...d a prof.«"•• for I mililary·soIDI;onwhile ,hi. aop,ol"" had ,h. suopon or 20.' pc. ccn, nf ,bo.oe ..ho .houl'n it likely,h., 'he US could be Illfluencd '0 ,hI direc,i"n 53.7 PC' ceo, of respond""" ....0hid 110 fu,b Ibu "' .... ri",,, policy woold cbu.c OIIICd for • ",ahuy '1010.;"... asapin! 16.1 per en, ..ho rcjl:c,cd i,

."9 Pt. ccul of ,h. ,ul>PO".n of USSR ....t~ i. ravoo, or ,h~ mili.u, 1010';00.0 .h~ p'obl~m. .,bil. 33.' peT cen, or .h.... wlao suppOrt.d lh. USSR with ,..." ... rio...had lh~ SlI"'~ anilode towa,d. lhe mllilu, ."lo.i"". hi. pa:uliu lhat n.) PC' eCOl or.hOlle who arc ,ndifre'CRI low.,d, ,b~ USSR luppOllcd lbe m;li,ar, 101ulion.

Th. conh'ion implie;, in ,bue: ...ulllllem. from ,h,~e hel•. Fi.s'. lhal m.nyof 'hOle: who 'UPPOtl a ",ml..y tolulion rejoel .ny fo,m of polilic'l ,pp,o.eh.including lh"1 of Sa.. i~t pUlicipu;on (wilh p.opol.l. hucd on B,c,hn.v·, Middl. E...Puc. PI.n and lh. USSR" repUled ",II fo, In in'e''''lionol eonf.r.ne~). S<:condlf. II,.a, nu",b.. or p.l... inian Amerieu, or. influeM.d by US Inli·Soyi~1 p'OIl.pnd•...hkh rejc<: .. th. nOlion or p;llIieip;llion by lhe Sovi.t Union in lb. pu<e procell.La,tly, • con.idenblc p,opo.,ion or lhose ,0ppoll'''1 • milillr, ...IUlion arc beli"'e"io lSII'" Ind a••uch a,e: .pia.. u, kiad or .cl.\lna. wi.h lh. Soyier Unio. Go,chlion lrond.. Thi. b,u, a""udc i. bo;",d pa.dy ......elilion eoaYie,io" ...d,~f1cc .. "G pnlillcal 1000ie. or,~" .h.,...........a_deo," .e:jeel botlo Zi"niJ... and("O"'llluni"" and Ih.i, ulli ...... "ud i. "0' only '''li_IIndi b.. l.1so ... ,i-Soviet

I" ,oIlIiol ,b. PI1~"ini... Am<rie:a"'. del,ee or ...imill.io" 1"10 US .... i.')· 10hi••"i,ud. 'o...,d•• political Ipp,oaeh to Ihe Middle Eon conflict. II .",.rl.d 'hitlh. rUPOod." ..' kno,,'I.dS' of lhe A,ahie: llnluaae i, • ,iSnif;~ant foeto, or thOlewith no kna ... ledle ..,b.tlOCve, or A,ahic. /i2.~ per C.n' ,.id lh.y bad -no idu", ••ardina' 1>01Irie.l opp'o.:Ich. and only 18.8 pc, cenl cXll,."ed ony ,uppotr ro' lhcidco, [I ,hould be norod tht Ihe hilh proportion of non·Arabic sP.,k... wilh "noldn' ohou' a 1>olllicll apllro:<Ch ~orr..pond. ve'y elo'ICly '0 lbe pe",.nl'8e f,om theUDle: l'ouP ... ho hid "no ;de:." _bou" mlll,",y to""ion. The: IU.y,y .bawed ,h., th~

"'o,e. Paleo"inl ... Aroc,ic"" uses Enlhsh, 'be mote likely bo iJ 10 SUppOrl I POIIlle.lapprooeb. Of tbos< who nplcsxd I d.flnlte prcrcruec ro, this OOlion. 6.~ pcr eenlalways IPC'~ Atabie, 11.1 11'" con, 0.. bo.b hlli,b and A...bi~, and 16.6 PC' cu''PU~ ooly Enllil". U.~ PC' ceol or I"..... .,bo .... E.llilh had "no idea"

COJl1jd<nt;oo ..... liyu '0 ,be ehoie. or (rind. "' a .iln or th. d'I'CC or"'lIlIilation ...d ill .clUioo to lhe '<'PO"den,,' Itti.ude lo.... 'd. I pOlilical .pp.oaehThos....ith Arab friendl ~oi<ed the: "'O"ICll obje~,ion '0 tho idea of a political...lUlion (55,0 p., een'); 11.6 pcr <en' of 'hoo< ..ho p,ere:rre:d Am.,ieln rd."d. we:reI• ." Ine:li"e:d 10 ,ejecr i" lad n.1 PC' eeRt h.d "no id.a".

A ,clu.d ,ubj.e, ro ...hlch .1I.nlio" "'IS .100 siyen "'.. ,b. way ill wbi.hPaleSlinl_n Ametl~~n, ehoo,e 10 b,lng up rh.i, ~hildreo. 2a.~ p•• cenl or lhM.'Clpond.n.. wbo p.oterred 10 'c., thcl, children .Ionl AltIe,i~u lin., w~,. I.ainst Ih.no,ion of • ""litie_l .pproa~h ro lhe Palcllioi.n p,oblem, .od S2.2 p.r oeo, or Ibis.roup had "no idel" Of lh.... wbo op••d to btl"l up thei. ofhllrilll io 'he Art"trlditio", 47.1 per eU' .e;c.:lCd I POlitic.1 .plI'OId, a"d ooly I,. pcr celli .uppOrled i•.

Il ..... II... rooad tbll S4.2 PC' ""t of the I'Ilestilli." Am.ricans Qo... io"edwhO IrC Ilaill" • political IIIP,••II, keep .b....1 of cYclIII I.. th.;. Ioomela"d, w"ileooly 30.6 PC' "'0' of IhOle ..loa follow tbo neWI "OeclliOOIIly" Ite a..i".1; 1.3 PC' C<ll'of rCl""nd~."....ho do oot rollow cYe"" "' IIome It aU It~ .lailU" and IlJ PC' ""'have "no idca"

O"e or tb. mOSI ,.vnlinl r.elO... i,," Plle"i"I." Ameriuo'" pOlili••1 make·upil h" .ttitude lowardl bis ",,,, eounlfy (lh~ US) ."d Ih•••Ienl or hi. de,i,. 10 ... Iuroto hi. homclood should ,h. pou,bility Iti,e. Fifle." PC' ceO' or III 'ClPOnden"np<clled n p,ot...n« fo. ,eOllinin. in ,h. S'"I" (of whom 20 PC' e.nl ,.j.el •

•

pol",eal lolul,oa) ,od 7.2 per ccnl hlvc • dcfioilC ..."h 10 ,erurn, SJ,3 pc< ccor of,hcm rcjeCliol. polilicol 'olulion.

MOIl of ,hc PIlu"a,ans nd olhe. Arabs coo,id.. 'hei' prescocc io Ihc US,.."po,uy, .ltho.lh. io ......, cascs. il peni'" for oYe, Take'"., ......olc. il CUI beAid lhll lbc _rC A..... ricaniud 'be hl""io'''' "'",erao prnves '0 be, lhc more hc is'ac.lined 10 (uo", a polilictl U'proacb, and ...hcl hc b.. beco",e .1"'0$' complclelyass,milllcd hi' ia'..clt ia lhc mU'., d.elia••• ad he f.lI, into 'hc c".so'y Of 'noidu",

Aflcr '~e 1948 wlr and '~e foundinl of I~e Sla'e of rsne!, all PaleSliai.nscome 10 ,coli.e lh.. lhei' .ilh'. had bee" 1011 As llme poucd, howeve,. lhey hel'" '0dinlrcc on bow 10 define lhe"" rilb" 'nd ho'" 10 Je' aboul h,vi.1 'helD rC'llored. Tb.de.....d for • p.le..i.". SI... - e,'e••"l _n,iOI of i' _ hd beeD cnvdoped iloblivio. "nce 1~1 when Ihe U.,led N."o"s hd passed lh. R...."u",", '"' lbePUlll,on of P.I.,hne and lhe e,lIhh,hme., of lwO lad.pendcal 'lalcs, 0 J .... 'lh Slale(l,,"el) .nd I. A,." Slue The laller ncver •• ". Ihe liih' of dly due 10 I number ofloc.1 and iOlern .. ion.1 faclors which hlH no place in lhi, "udy. Th" oblivioacontinued u"lil Ih. middle of 'he .even,ies ...hen ,he P"UlInin resislance "'OvemenlerySlllliud ill demood for n iodq>endeal hl..';oi,o Sllle Tbe .,.,iod bel"'"O 19H.nd lbe mid ....ven'i...... a ""'" of 1000por .. i,hin lh. Pales';a;u people's movelOCOl.wilh ,he ue.plloa of a aumb.. of bllef ;nlcruls 'O'h.n P.leSliRiao domand. emefSedspo..dic~lly. ,om.,im.. 'hrnuSh cort.in lof'ill and n"io•• 'i., polilic.' h<lion. which'ecruited m.ny Plle"ia'.n. lI.inl in Ar.b eountri...

Du"nl ,hi. oc'iod, III. v'" m.jorily of p.le5lin..ns. fep....nled by lbe AnhN,uonal Mov.menl, dem,nded lhe .ilhl 10 roluflO 10 lheir homelaad ud Iheannihil>'iott of Ibe "fic,;'ioo, Zionis, u,i'y" Th,s .ltllode ocn"led ..nlil 'be demandfor 'a ,nd• .,.ndool Pal..ua,u "ale '0''' .,.,r1y d.fin.d. The aew demud .....rcil<rlled II ,uecemve scssion. of Ille I'al."i•• Nation.1 Council. notably lh. 161h in19U in Allerio, Nenrthcleu 'h" dem.nd h.. rem.in.d a .UbjcCI of contrnversy oven,mORI tho.. who h..e _oled ,a ill fsvou, Some ..di ... l orl.n;Ul;OOS beli.ve io lh.e".bli.h",en, of an indeocadonl Pal"lio"o n.,e '"' 'be col Ire ••ea of b;SlO.;...1hleSlioe ....hich I",phes lh. cllloillhOO of Ille Slate of brut ne ,n;li.1 p.o_1 ofFatlh. lh. lUlesl hl..lln;.. 0 ....oi..110n ...... lh.. of • seeol.. democratic " ..e onlh••ali.. I.ad Of Palenine. whefe Mu,liml. Ch"SII'" .ad Je .... "ike WOUld .njoy.Qu,' ,ilhl'. but Ih" nOlion hu disappeared O•• r lhe I... f.w year, 10 be r.pl.ced hylhc e,lI fo' a P.I."io..n SlUe 00 ••y Iibcraled portion of P.luline, Thi. ,lol.n i.sOmuimes ialerpfeled ia • aumber of differenl ways. i...c1udinl Ihu of a eodederaledoa,on .;,k Jordan

PaleSlinian Am."clo" Iih lhe ,es, of lh.ir compa..,,,,,. tdl... l • aumbe. ofdifferial v;e ...s and "oods 10...lrd. ho'h Ihc Qucstioa of Pale"inian lilhlS .nd lh.nature or 0 p.lellinil. 1111.. In thi. ,eclion, I revi.w i. conducted of PalestinianAm.. ie...' IlIilUdc ,o,,"rd. 'he hoond.ries of lhe P.'."inian sllle .n" lh. u;stenee"r ,he SlUe of br••1. Tk... ' 0 issues have been .1 ,h••0.. of vlSOroo. di,pUlCS bolkw;lhio Ihe PLO Ind...k,1' 'Dd Ollk. P.leslinian people as ....hnl~

The v.st ...jonlY of P,llCSliaian A..... 'ieao' favoor a de_ad ror ,he eaur'.... or h;1Iorie.1 hln"oe - Ibll is, lh. laod on ..h;eh ,h. Sla'e of Israel .... foundedas well IS ,h. Occupied T... ilories (lVilh ,he ",cep,ion of ,he Galin H.ilh"). 69,3 percenl of all respondent. claim lhe entite ate. of P,le"ioe, whil. 17.1 per cenl h.lievelhll Ihe Wesl Bant and Go->.a SUip wo"ld be .,,((;eiul .nd oaly 1.9 ocr CUI .",we..dlhll Ibey woold be I'repared 10 .ccepl a hl..lini.. "a,e on ..y port;oo of I..dcY.cn:ued by the Israelis. This t ...ult i. i~ line Wilb 'he nomber of lhose (31.1 per"~l) ..ho .Irce Ihal lhe p••scnt immobilily of 'he 1'.,...1;0;'. Quellion eao beunblocked by 'he oxehlnlc or recOlni';"a b.lw«n Ihe PaI.lliai.n, and lhe hracl;,. In,cply 10 , follow·up que"ion aboul Iheir .1lilUd. loward. lhe Sla,e or ,,,••1. only 3,1

..pcr CUI p.id tbey wore [ully prepned '0 ICCep. its nislc"cc, 3001 al",,,,,, onc.quncrof ,h. ""mt>c. qualified ,bd. Icccp'lIIcc 10 ,h. nIb..,', ~j.... ,bi. is I ,.Iu,vely hi,,,p<.t.C"12'< """,pa,cd wilh ,b. Illi,"dn of Pal..,;oi."" ju>l • few yeu...... ThO$<tCSlXlod<:nts ..sd,. to ."".pt lhe lIale of Israel ...i,b rcsc""'iao. mad. leeep••••c<..o'io",o' oa 1$..... 1·....i'h"r..... ' ho_ 'be 'n';'o,i.. occupied ill 1961 nd i,S'.COJllilioG of 'he Pales,;"l.. ~lc·. ,j,bl 10 lbci. sc](~.tcnainl;oD. The hetre",.i"s. bo..uct. ,10.1, 61.' pc. CCDI Dr ,aPOodu,s up.essed lI.ei. olluil'" opposi,i_'" ,I..: n;.IUte ..r .he St.,. of 10..., Thi. pc..... ,••• <.o1:..D fro. 'espood..... '" '"Va,.." SII.<$. is pres" ..... bl.,. lOwe< ,ILl. ,be c"oi,"lnt perun,"," w ..ohl be: of thosewho hve outside A"'erica. The dirr•••"•• CIII be .",ihu.ed 10 Ihe 111111•• of .1I.cAmcricl" lir.-S1yl•• II•• allu•• ar lh. 'Qpalld.a" a' i"dividnl' and u aa A"'e.i.u·""IUl;n,aa .a",,,,nilY. aal fa.g.llL"g .h. e.u.i.l p.... loneli ".ad ar 'be A..... i..n",uS ",.di•• aU af .IIi.II. lak.n ta••tll ••••on,,;b.. te 'a lI.e ~.ccp,.bili'r· or ,lie Slat.of h ..ct. II sII".. ld also b. PQi"l.d " .. I a, III" Sla•• ,lis, so",. of III05C quu'ioaed ..~ouprcssed tll.ir rejec,io" ar ,h... iSleftce or " ..el ,.id 'hI 'hei. Initude would,eml;" u".bn.ed $I Ion••, 1"••1 ,h"w, no ".'" of palil'.ll n ..,bilily.

AD Ilt."'P' ""'......de 10 fi"d ou, eue,ly ...h.,e ,h. POlitkll sylllpa'hiel orhlettiniln A",cri..ns lic .nd ho.. 'hi, .rr.cll 'hd' vi.w, oa 'bc boundaries of ther,l."ini.n stUc nd ,h••xillcae. or llle 5111. or lIr,.1. It eme.ged lhSl 20.~ per Centor .upond.nll c11;mill. ,h. ent; •• lan~ or hillarkll Pole"ine were luppo"en orF'"h. the O'.lninlion l.d by Yluer ...nfll. whil. I rUrlh.r 15.S PC' c.at blcked theropu"" Fron' ror 'he Libcrltion or ral''''n. und.r ,h. I••d...hip or O.Olg. Hlbll.and 18.2 pc, .e.. ' supported ecrtlin Islami••eli.iou, mOv.Illcn". Of lbe A.,fu,uppone... 4$.S 1''' cen, cl.imed lhe We.. B.nk .nd au. Strip and 54.2 pc, cent anyp.rt of rll.llin•. It WI' discovered, howeyer, lh., 'hi, group I.ck.d .omogenei,~ o.llle mljorit~ of '..u., cov.r.d by lb. su,v.y, wh••••• p....l.rli" H.bllh_luppo"." .nd'"0'. ,e,ponden.. who blck.d ,h. v."Ou' hlami. movemen" (p.rlieul.r1~ ,hole whaI~mp'th;••d wi'b ,h. Mu.lim Bro'b••hood) show.d I much del'" arlikem'nd.dneu.

rale..in',a wom.a ia ,h. US lend '0 b. mOre ·mod...I.· 'hon men ,a ,h.irview, concerni... lhc boundaries Or ,h~ hlelli .. i llll•. They.,••lso less specifie inIhei. d.......d.. The most rui..nal upluuion f ,hi. is 'bc u.d"ional socill p".i'ionor Arab women wlliell dic'a,es lhl 110., Sf...01 10 int ••r.,. in ...a"... which are .....,,IIei. conce."', Poli'ics. ia .11 ics dellil. i' il .ssumed. is a subject wbi.h is "aol lh.eOIl.eu· of .....b .0m.D. He whHe 10.~ pe. ce..1 or all ....1•••spond lSd.muded .he eDUre arel of hle"i lb. cq"'YlIle"l perceotlle lmoq wo"", ,M.7 PC' ee .. ,. Lite.i", oa the qucs" of bo....d."....hile anly 2-$ pe. ce .. l of IDeaSlid .h•• lb.y b.d '110 opiaio.", ......Ilg wom... the rigo.e ":u U per c.....

Youal people ,a I ...e,.' ."",••e<! IS mo,e de......di... 'haa thei' eld.... TH_jod,y or ""Ies"ail..td ,. ,lILe U.i,ed SlUes I,e lOt old. beilll .'the, tlCW ,mmig'..".., IClulUy bor .. i. A",.,iu. 7•.) PC' cea' or res_den.. and•• lb. Ig. of ~O elai-.d,11. ""'e 1...4 ar hi..... i.al hl... io•••hile .he eqoivalell' PCrC.llllle for III. ove.......• IS ••.1 pe. ceoL M,,,.y of 110. IUle. I'"0op uprc"'" the .ish '. "'•• PalellillinSlIte ....bhLbed .i.ber o••he W..l Ba.1IL ...d 0 .... Sorip (lO.I PC' C... I) o. oa ..yportio. of lIi"ari...l hl• .,ille (li.J pe.....1),

Th. ,uryey Iho reveal.d 'hi' or ,"~ Paleslilli.n Am.r'ca .., ll.... iooed. Ihosemo" likely '0 d .....nd 'Il or "it,o,ical Palcs,iae ..... bo.n il ublnon. Al Ih. ,itnt or.,ilina. la ""l."in;... bora in 1.<:bI..o•• o. ny.'.. re cis<: o...,dc billo.ical Paluli ..e• could po!Sibly be Oyer the a•••r JI. la fl.t 100 PC' cell' of tb. 1.<:b.anese·borllPal"'li .. in ,e.pond.".. Ig.c.d a.. the u~d '0 reeayer the .nlir••,ca of hislo,icilhle"i .... The .roup of whom re""'l d.mllld.d III of hiSlo,inl '"leSlin~ wlS 'heA....ricln·borll. It is iDler•.,iallO nole lha' .. r rhi, lltl •• "oup mlny adapted I v.,ylimplistic IpprOlch 'a ,he prabl."'. Ippar.olly U,,"Wlr. af lbc many f••,art ,nvolY.dInd lh. ric, lh., 'b. plrtie, coac.,oed hlYe fa' ycars b.... wal,n, I b;ner Il'ulIl.avcr ,b. i"u.: ·or cours•• 11 uf 'alnlin. bcloop '0 ,h. Pllenini,n,', 10m. In..... ,ed,·Wbo el'e could i' bclonl 'or Mo.e..... ' Ih. ra., ,ba, hlr of US·born Plles,lnian,cl.imed all .. r hillO,icll Pal."in. doc. nol meln Ib" ,he o,h.r hOlf had Iny r...,bleattcrnll;vtS fa' I ..,nlu,lon of 'he p,obl.m. Sam. had no opinion ",h,,,o.v.r ,.d in

•

"rae, _ere 'lltally ,...oran' of lhe cIi.,eUC of .. Pal"",", ... 1>'011.1...... Dup;,. lbe fa.,,h., ,he /'alcsli.in AlIICria".. ..11.O ..uc bo,,, .,"hin Ihe borde.. of kUI".;calPlleu'''. _c,e l11.e "",u <.... rlOsed ia ,b... ~ic.... le"erilly ..,cak'''. 'Ioey we.e _t. i"fUDII. of .. '.lU\iA'''' III'••11 Ike WeI' Ibalt and Gn.>. $"ip. It ,. co..cciYlblc 111.11,he ';'".'i04 in ,be Occupied Tcni'II';cI .iace 1967 hu =de ,be", 1Il0'. rnlin;" 'h.ao'''er ."'''JII. PaI •.llilliuu bora ouuidc hi,to,i•• , P,I... ine uc,ibcd tbi. r••lism '0.i,her the ·""Ifi."ous" or "defeui.",· of lb. rKlPII'"lio" of lb. Occupied Territoric:s.

PII.uin;'4' from ,ef"I•• caml>' Inlid. bislllrin, P,'olli ... Or in ..cilhbourilllArlb """nlti... who hid joiDCd lbe Am."cla-PalcSlioi, .. community later, "c•• mucbmOre in';Elent in lheir demand for Ihe entite arCI of 'he land of hl'lo,lnl PalesliD.rhan rhos< who wcro bo'n ;n ro"'n. o. "illalcs ('OIP."r'''oIy, 83.J p.r ••or, 70,8 pe, ".Olaod 71.2 p., cenr). Undoubredl)', rh. Inhabiraols of ,.fug•• .,.101:11 hlvc ,uffe'ed most.1 rhe h.nd. of lbo Ilraeli oe.upk,s and ,n addlrlon rh.y ha"e Dol only IMr rhei,homelond. bur rhei, v.'y home. U well Their d.re,io,alinll political, soei.l, .nd<cooomi. <i,cumlranc.s oH' rb. lasl 40 ycars of ·tempo,a.y· dispersal, .oupl.d with10 ."u·p,...nt .WI<ono.. rhal rhey at< rh. nwn.rs of the soH nn which \h. Srate of[".d ui", rnday. nuke. ,.c-ov..y nf rh. Iud nnr only a maH.. of ,.If·io....,, bur I.,,,elo".11 impenrlv•. Tb. p'D.im;.y of opin,on belwen rb. imm;.ranu from tbelowns .nd Illose frnm til. viII•••• i, e'I>II<abl. by rb. ,n.rally .ural narore DfPaleshn;an rOwn. ud rhe faer ,u'. 'n Iny e••o,. m<lSr u.bao inhibirlllll w.....illal.'bo....od lal.' .......d r.. 'he tow.... II;. ,mpon.nr ro oote rll.t d.,pire rbe hi,bpropo.t;oo or reh.e. r••O"oden., ..ho clulIICd tbe u',ro .rco of biSlO.icol ""l..r' ....rb........ ' ..d.. d,d anr opr fo. I ,.l..,i ..,a. "n.......e ,"'<'S' Ba.~ .0<1 Gu. Strip.Co.." ••y '0 upc.rlliol. 'h.y w d Ihll rb.y wOlld sellle fo. I "ar. 0" ...ypo.ti"l of hl.,,, .. I.. $011. Fo h.ec COIlP ilub;ra,,,. COD thtl' be .phr iero rwodi'llocr "01<1>: Ihose who .rc all-d.mudie....d rbO$<: .ndy '0 l.cePt lIyrb'll. oneI'O"P ••joe"o. lIy $OrO\loo wbi<b d .... "0' .ur..... all tbei••i kal ,ipts oDdthe orh.. wbi.h SUms au,oo, ro pu' an end '0 ,he proble", dl of ,h. p.ice,

Th••5$."ioo rhat a ralesrio;an Am"'con', pr of b"rll influ.nec. hi.'",rud. 'owa.d, rh. bound••i., ..f rh. l1ue he d."'aod', leld. 1o~';.llly ro ,h.Issumprion rhlr hi, pllce of ••,id.nce _ p.;o. ro hi, 'mmi••ario .. rO rhe US • m.}' alsoorr•• , hi, ¥;ew•. I' .",or••d, '0 ro.,. rhll rh.... Pal."in,an, whO IIld h¥.d ,n ,h. Gulr$'3'« O. Jo,dan before mov,n& '0 'h. US mlde up the hi.h.s, prOpO.rion of tho,.reldy r.. aC<epr .ny p>r' of ral."in. It III (I~,S per <en' r..t ,h. Gulf Sr., •• ond 13.1per OCnr for Jo,dln). This mi,hl b. raken a5 imply;nS rhlr Ih.i, social Ind poliric.1.,i.cum".nec, in Ihos••oonl.i., h... m.d. tb.m rh. I••" rcvolulioD••y in ,hei,d.mand, .nd uP' •• rioo., ICI¥,nll rh.m proroundly ... iou, ro re,ol,. rhci. ';'UAl,On inwhar.¥et w.y .nd Ir wh'.¥•• p.k•. Lookio, or rh. orh., .ide Clr rhe .oin, ,t ....round tb., wirh ,h. uecption of 'h.... r.spond.nts bo.n ;n Ih. Us. rh. r.I«,ioin.who ""d li'.d for SOme ,im. In l.banon w••• rhOK I indin.d rClsellle r... jun an1PO",on of r.I."ine. IUd mos, lik.ly to d.maod .110 ,ire h'SlO.;CII land (If hles"n•.

Edoca,ion pl.yS an importanr '01. in ddioi poli,ical ."i.tld... Tb"".<'Specially ltu. of rh. popol..i..o of Tlli.d W..tld .., ",... bur abo .ppli...0 acon.id••ablo CAt .... '0 rhe ral..,ioi.o co,""oulry io "m",ica. wllich compri... a brClld,ao.e of .doc.r;o".1 ....el. from rotll iUI,en.y '0 bold... of ,.Ds. Gradtl...hles,; .. I.. """,.icals re.i"eted .lte lowesr pc' 111O of d.mallds for ,h. eol;"Io,sro,;col ll ..d of Pal."i w.,le •••olu 00 r ,obje.r f.o_ peopl. wirh 0,10..lu.1s of .dtlCl.,iol miIed. G'.dn'cs se.med I" ra"oll' ,lie ""ncep. of •hlestioi.. SlU. i.. ,be ""." Ba..k aid G.... S"'p, 60.7 per .eor of tlrem Clprro. for .hi,sol",ioo....d noD 11 ..y'''. rhal Ih.) h.d ..... opill'o..- Oil 'he ,obje.r. I' i,a.."med 'bat th ,.,pold.o" hav. 00' OIly. ""'ltioti., bur .1$0 I p.ofeni..oaliOICr in 'be '"I•.Ilio;31 ClOse. Tb. m.jo.iry of 'h.... ,cady ro ....p, .oy solu,ion II.11, y parriott of hl.1110., were ImCl .. , th. "oop of illir ••at.. who rall.d roIm.,in. any f..,ibl• ..,Iurion '0 lhe Pal.stinian problem. 10'1011 of ,hi. ,.oop w...• ',h.c .Id.tly o. wom'n wh.. mer.ly ..ek .0 pur on .nd to rh. m.ttet wilhoo' Inyse"oo. ,IIoulhr of .ain. Th. 1).9 p.' <en, of I.adu....espoodents who "'.re ready .0o.c.pt .ny pOnlon Clr hiSlo,ic.1 I'll«rin. hO'•• differen, , ...on for ,h.i, .hoice: rh.

bc.licf 'bal .h. Ar.... ud lbe l'ales'iai.... 'r. i" lao ...uk • POS,'ioa 10 ..ke 'll••,f,.de .....ad...

Siace ul.etl;l, I"dootes .·e,e tbe l'OUl> leUl iodioed .0 delflaod oil ofP.les.io•• i••Ift be i"fu'cd Ill.. l'alestlaiaa acadellliQ io .he US will hoYe similu.'e...... Ba.'ocss",co de_o,"oled • parallcl ,codeocy. bal lhei' ,cuoo. for doi". 10wc<e "01 the $I."''' TI« ui.ersil,-edUCllled laoted I< tbe i..ue '0 te ...... of....ab/US/hrocl; callabililics; thc bo"oe..",en hive 'o.ere". wbi.h are nol affectedIrea,ly by ,he teffi.o" lba,. 'ole.tioion Sl.l< ...ould be u"bli.hed 00 Studen" udwo,ters we.. lhe mOSl vilorou. io deOlaod;ol .11 of hi.\or;,al p.lellloe. It i.'Illercst,n! to 00« lhal "'ilh the "cepI;on of the ICad.",ic. and I.bourers. evcry Irouph.d ill percenta•• ot respondenls who aa.wered 'no Id'" 00 111.1. 'Obj«l' Ih.'Cld,mi" becou.e Ihey all hd an op,oion to "ll,el>. and Ihe I.bou'et. bec,ul< Iheyte .. d '0 bc lhe leo'l "'ft,.ric.oizcd of all and are 'her<foro most concOlocd 10 find a10lUlioo 10 Ihe problems or lheir hom.lood. The ac.demics h.ve .......nell eoouah 10Ihe «1C01 lhat lhey oUlhl 10 have an opioioo.

10 app,oa.hiol III.. 'dation.hip belw«n • respondcn!", income and hi. Iltilude10 lhe iss"e of bauada"n. il em"I.d lhal. '0 leu..I, lhe hilh.. lh. ioeom•• 'he teo.litely lb010 qoc>t;Oned were 10 demnd .11 of hb'otlc.1 'alellioo. 72.9 pcr Ceo' ofrespo..deo\>. w,lb an income under S20.000. ycar claimed .U of h'«o.ical '.IUline...did ~~ II"r «alar Ib"'" who caraed OVC, SSO.OOO • year. wh,l. 21.' PC' cenl or lh;,I.u" IrOUP respoodod '00 id..•. Some of lbose ...... demand lOy pa'l or bi$1o'i<:l.1Pale..i". co...id" t~...scl~n '" be p,",,,.iOI .h. policy or 10k. _bar i. ofrer.d udd.ma"d 1Il0re; bul I doubl w~Cl~er tb... lI"oplo UO follo.,o. lhe u_ "'CI;~ .ioc<.oy sol"tion of lbo p,able.. will b• ..., • I,eater erf«l "0 tbe 10_.. i"oomc·bn.ekctlhao 00 lll.i. h;per inCII... coonlerpatlL

II ..... ''''led etlh.. lbu lhe siloir,en« ud implicat;oo. or t.liltOIl io 0'"bomelud aod ia a,he. "'rab COUntr,es or. ualike 'II iOlpa" In man, olh.. part, of Ill.world. [n lb. fo'mer. reh.,oa biplilhll lh" relalioosh,p bel"''''' mao tad God .od i.usually laten 10 refu,e o'bet dOl"". p"l;culI11y l-b.. i,m aod !lu;on.hsm. 10 lh.UO;lcd Stat... bo.... ve•. rehl;OO reiarorces o.lionalisl r«liol. Thi. Irr"Cll !slim morelban Ch,i«i"'ity. The mOSQue. lbe I,bm'. place of wo..hip. wllich fun.,ioOI only ..• placo of p..yer in lho ",,"h and I""..;. couotries is u'uolly Ih. h.ll pllcc ro' youo.Mu.lim. ,n lhe Stoles 10 lesto III.. Arabi. l.nIU'IO ond 10 .."mblo 1o «leb..1C Ihei,rUlivab. The liok ho' .....n 1.I.m and Arab nllion"li,m ,n Ameti.a.•od Ih. foCI 111.11lsllm ;. I minority r.lilion lho... m.ke. il more of • fOvol"lioollY r.ilh in rho USlhln il i' ,n A..b and E.stern counl.ie,. 72.1 per o<nl of Mu.llm P.IUlini.n... meriooo. c101mod .11 or hi"o,i<:l.1 ral."in•• as compared Wilh J4.! pet ceo, ofCbrist;an Pal."inian Am"iean.....hil. more of lb. lallet IN. I PC' oeoll olllmed lheWell Sook .od GIZa S'np lh.n III.. ro.met 116.1 p.r «01). Tbi. dllft nOl n«esslrilyimply lreue••puhy .",onl Ch.i,ti.n ,.lellini.n Amer'cao. lo.....d. lbci' ho.... llnd1.1 per cell' nf .be Ch",';lns aod 9-.3 PC' CUI of tbe Mo.li .... "'ero read, 10 opt f..,.ny POtlion of ,.Ieslinilo land. II 'hoold be boroe in miod lhlt Ihe poin, or'oference used wa. lb. ,ndilioo.l relilioo of lb. resPOodull' familia nlhe, lbto lb.iodi~idual d,voulncss or Ib.... Qaesliolted.

I" ... b:s<Qtreo, IfIOre d.Lliled discussion of lb. rapo ..d.nll· pcfI(Jul bc.lief..di"idilll lbo.. op i.lO Musli ..... 0 ....';00' ud non-beli,,·cr... il ..... found '''ar 14.5per eCOl of """.It"" el.""o4 .11 of bill.... i..1 I'alUti.... a. op"""d '0 n.) ""r eflll ofnOfl·bcli.yen .od 41.6 PC' «nl or C1ni"i..... no lILI,iotit, of lb _bO "plied '""idco· (11.4 PCT ""al) ....c Ameri,:uiud ClIrillin•• follow.d by 'i.... i:u:d 10.._bc.liev.n; bOl 1110 pc, «a' of tbose Muslims Queslioo.d defined the bound..;n of 'be..co .hey ellitl1Cd. ucn whon tbey dirfered .s 10 ,\>. diou:o.io"L Mtr~li",s b.ve •11.001 commi'm.ol 10 'heir Iud nd. fo, ,he m'jo,i', of Ihem. p.rt'eularly lb......ho.re 'C1i~. in 0... of lb. lsl.mic teli,iau. movemen... r.le"'"e ;. p." of ,h. Islam;c...orld rllber Ihn • P.leSlio'lO homeland. Th" diffcrenee. b«.....n ,h. ~iew. or 111.0dO~O"1 and lhe nOO'll'ICtisinl Mu.lim. a"d ehrill;on. "ere no, ,ilOif;cIOI on lhi.painl.• lthoulh coch l'OuP opled for diHer.ol "'"yl in which 10 aeh,.v. 'he "ale......."'" 'bv""tra"... Yney we," 6<';-'0"'''1. )1 .... 0010(1 (H' (he dnoul • or whalev«

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..hitb : dISplayed a Ifn,.. ,uducy 10 dcrnaod Iny porl;on of hmori",.1 Pale:>!;".r.~uhll' 'beir desi'e for. quick and usy 101.',on, ',cllrdlus of .be pill '

TbMC US Pllc.. inian...1\0 1><:licYcd '" • pol;l1c:a1 Ippr030II did nOI elai'" III elfb;!lotinl PII.stine ,"nd lbi, f.ncel< lheir Iwlren... of 'be limited mililary .IPlbllllyof tbe Arlb coun,,".,. It". 'UlonO-I< of the mmt.t~ po"'hili,; •• '"her lh.a I rulpreference for I poli'icsl Wlul;on ,hu underlie. their choke, In the tU8k of"adllional pawe' poli'ic., j, i••he r.nure of • poli,;."' lol.,ion w~ich le.d. 10 I..,on III ",.iIit'Tf force: but in '"e s.,ooi.1 circum".n••• of lhe Polelliai.n problem, ili. lhe ,•• hutioa .h, no m,lItary solu';on i, pos.illlo, whi.h preced.... <csort 10 ..polili.al IPlm».h. or III ,hose PI1..,inian "",.. ican. inlcrvic"ed, 1,1 PC' Ccnl urled• pohllCll ,0luHon, 26 1 per ceol OfIled ror I poli,i<11 <olulion albo,t .. i,~ ,....,rvuio""and ' •.2 per eco, rejeeled u .1l01C1hcr

hi' pUhlPO wouh .O"•• I~" 'hOle wllo u.wcr<'d ".0 id.l" '0 .It. qu..,"'" o.lhe bou.dari.. or • (ulUre I'ale..i"ian d. I~. a.m. 'CSPOIIK ..~u l<ked .bo ..• polilico' appro:a.ll_ Tlli, ""Onld ....m '0 r.veal Ihe ....I."... or I I'onp of peopl.wilh lillie 0' no idea lboul, Or ind..d kllO..-ledl. or. lhe I'll ••Ii.il. iuoe ••• whole

F"tt~u conid.ra.ion or ,h. rcluion,h,!> bc',,"ccn a l'aleUlniln', ' ..;lIIil.,ionin.o Amerl<'llo .... ,.,y and II .. ptefe"ed "'e'h~ of rc...'~inl 'he 1'.ln,i"'.,, 'Ines'io",'howed ,h.. 'he "cake, hil knowledle of 'he "'.b,e Iiniulle 'lie less lie demandedlhe .nllre lind or hi<lo,iell hl..,io. Con,e<1ely, ,ho....i,h I boll.r kno...'I.dle orArobie ""'" mOre ."Onlly na,ion.li., and ••nd.d 10 delOand III of hiStO,i ••1 PII.sline.An Illempt 10 d.'ermine ,h. co".I"ion t>c''''ccn lhe l.naUI.e ~Ibi,ually uICd by lh.reSpOndentS and t~eir """"d. 10"'oed, ,~. inue or p.lell;ni.n bound.r; ••• prompled,~e eOnelu,io" ,hll t~Q'. w~o ",ed Arabic w.r. morc ••ger 10 do;m .11 of ~illofi<.1

Pa)estine 0' • llUe io the WeSl ~a"k ."d GUI Slrip, while or Ihole .... ho u«d Enllil~

only. 15 per cenl IM......d 'no ideo" Non. of lhi' ,'oup eho,e 10 0"''''« "no, anyponion of Pole"ioe", pr.,um.bly becu<c defence or ,u.h • ,upon,. requi.es a I'U'"undel1,udio. ,b.. lhey ha,'. o{ th. P~IUl;oiln <.~.. Adoocua of .hi. vic......renounetnl .11 lh." ,ilhl' been.. 'hey rccl ,h.m..lo.. 10 be to a po<ilion ofwuk.n,

Erro... to dc<crllltoe ..het~cr oI,e ~y '0 wbi.h • Paln"o'ln A..... ia.. ebOOSCl'0 rei' hIS ehildrn i•••Iued '0 hi. ani,,,de 'OWird. 'be bo.."d.,," or • I'.l...i.il""ue••how.d 'h•• 'hPK wbo br;n. up ,h... ehildre.. '0 lb. ""<rieu Slyle IU51d.lII.oded .11 of bino,ie.1 hl..,i.e o. 'he '11'..1 Bnk ud G~u Slrit'_ Half o{ 'hisI'OOP luw<rod "no ;de~". TItO$....~o .~p,essed .0 pttfe«,,« fO••i.h.. lh. """'ricu0' th. Arab ",«hod of c~;ld'rcl,i"l (.o••ide"o. Ihe for"'er .nuli.foe.o,y ••d 'heI."et old·rllhioocdl lII.de 'h< ..me , ...pon«. 00 'he ;..ue or bound.ria., ~, ,hose ;nf••ou, Of the "r~b 'y".m • bolh demlndinl III of hil1orio~1 1'11."ioe Moll or I~is

alOup were ...cll·.duCated peopl ..... ho ... id t~~, I~.y did nol wlnl 10 be Arn•• ie,n; lhe~

.... In.ed 10 be A'ab. bUl in I new w.y.Con,id., •• ion or lhe ,.I..;on,~ip bel ....ccn lhe n'lioolli.~ of • r«pondenl',

f,i.nd••nd lhe ;"ue of bo"nd~ri••. "vOlled Ih'" Iho.....il~ a •• nd••cy '0 ehoolOAmetie.. frie.d., were Ie.. iOcli"ed to be specifi. in l~ei, delOlnds «Jardin. ahleslini.n Sl.... Thi••,oup displlyed nO undeu..nd'n. or lh. ",.jo. componcnliuues of lhe 1'.1....0••0 q"eslion Of of 1'.1.S1'nilO dellllod•. R.tpoodnll .... bo did nOtehoose to kccp abrell' of ev.....0 PaIClline w<re the I.... ' in.liud '0 demand all ofIt'Slo,lcal hle"iDe Dr ,he .'es, Blnk and GUI SUip, ."d in f.e' Ihre. qu...en of"'.", auwe..d ""0 i<lu" O. lhe Olllet hand, lhOle h'eshoi.o. qDCllion.d who e.uio... '0 rollo...ews or .h.i. ho"",land eilher .h'OIIlb the medi. 0' vi. co.la.. , ho,locr hlco'ioian. 01 Anb$. were ocry .peeifie ip lbei' rcsl'O'llC 1o .b. Usue ofbouod.ri.. lod oOne of ,be....id 'hey hid "00 id.a-

Thc leolt~ of ,ime I ,.Iell''';'o ItII tpeo, '0 'be US bu I eon.id".bl. <ftce'on hil d.ltCe of " .... rie.n.lltion. If ,h. i.di'ido~1 i. elderly, he i. unlikely .0 beI,u.ly Ir{ccted by Ih. Oew eullo,e••nd ,h. I....im. b. hll .peRl ;0 the US ,be ,,"or.Ilod lie i. likely 10 cl.im. Thi. <'lin be Itlr,buled 10 lh. flel 'hit he i. I......imililedand, in such C".'. ~.u.lly • youn. pc"on

The qu••lion of whelhel or nol • 1'11."in'oo Am,"ca ....i.he, 10 retur. 'a ~il

homeland al.o .ccrn. 10 Ifrcc' hi' uhtud. 10 I~. bouodori., or I I'ale'tin'.n 1t00e

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H" JO 10» .>0:1 L'[ 'u'" V ·1'U'1 JO .1..-.S O~I JO :>:I"'Il<!" '~I ldo.." 01 11I"11I!IUla.!JOJ" l' 11""JJ'P "'0'1 "of 1".-0,,1 ...."1Jq .. ~po" ""I ""11'- 110 ~.aou, ''11.

·..~!I J"~l 10!UPODld I'I' ><ne>:>q '1II'J h'll ~.p<>, :IIIIU,P "''1' P,"pullld P"'I " ><nll:loq 1....1 I'II'J 0, p....'~'!II'I"I"d ·U~!I III!~'" '1>111 JO "nu!", ~"A' <10110'1 n~l .110 10q ·.awl'lilo PIO"" ,,11101 011 :<UO!"'1<'I"" 1I0III'w JII~ I I>UI .00 jO "W'O, hp~n," ''II II 'I ·~w,u.

1"'POIl!'1 ''11 n'uOI 011 .. 1'""1 ·,o"..ddo 'O""UO. '!''11 '! I! ·uOllIPP' D! '",,011:PIIII "''11 0'101' pI" II o<nl.." l'U"1 JO ''''S ''11 p..oddO III"'~I"'I"" 'L961 :"oPO·.'1'I!"00 ''1 I'IB1W "~"". JO IulPU.",.p~n P'''O' '!''1' "q ,IIOCI" ''1ho,,! ',~o!u!dO

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1....1 Ja OIl'S '1/' .,n..a.1 .pallOl"

.nl'll »"D' ''I' JO '""lll''!P''' ......ou., .>nw .~, POI OO'lunb UIIU!II>I""'1/' ,n"". " '1/ P'""'UO~ "'1 '1/1 'I! DI'I"w", 1I11"!'''1"'' ''1' P»!U"~IJ'TU'"

'JOIII '~1 ''''I' III»MO. I,woooq ..00 ,1 '! 'PU'I.WOl/ ,,01 "'"1.. 0' >l!UP 1.I~nP!A!po'

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'sn '1/, "' '111>< 01 ""'1> 1ll'!J ,(U" '0 llu!I"J "!I""OIlIU JO ~'"I I u"'1' '"'1lO j

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"Su",la. ,c.nha emc'l.d flo", a IlDdy of the link bet"' .... a rcspoadcan

altilUde rowud. b.acl I"d .be lIuion.lLly of hi, f'ieod$. Those , ••paaden" who "ad,for Ih. "'0" pOri, Arab fdends (.I'.hlly Amc".III,udj Icodod '0 'ejecl the ""iSlenceof lh. SlUe uf 1....1: .... hil. of I"""....·ko 011«<1 for Amori.l .. friends, • " ••ableproportion accepled il (35.3 pn cent). Muy p<:oplc f'om lhi. IUter ,roup, howuer,KOye ,he In,weT "no id•••. The conclo.ioll tho, the PalC'I,ni,,, American', deir.e ofAme.k.ni"';"n i, ,"ven.ly proportional '0 rheir "oorance of, Ud indirf".n•••o",atdl. '''elr homeland, II further OO.lIe QuI by lhe raCI Chit Ihe IImi«d number of'<>I)ond.n" .. i,h • o.de,cnce ror Arab f,iend. who "cr. p.cp.arcd '0 Iccept ,h.uiSlen.e or .he S,u. of l,nel did ... only with ,ne"uion.. or 110o.., wbo.., o;,clo o(rriend. w~. principally "mcr;... only 2.2 pcr cent ,ejeeled ItrUI. IS cOtaplled withH,2 per cut or those whose ("ends were Arlb. ud tLJ pcr CUI o( tbo.., .. i,h bolbA,ab ud Amu..... n r,iud.. L;~.wix••apondeo...100 e1preued I p,e(erence (0. tb.Ame.k". uyle o( cbild••es"., Uo..ed a I.CSle. i""li.u"'. to ICCept tbe ui.t.oce o(.11. Slue o( ls,ael Oaly JO acr c<:at o( tbe.. rejc-ctcd ,t ..hile 7) 9 p<r ce". 0( tbOK....0 oOI.d r", l"e A,.b ".y of b"".,a. liP cbild,n f.ll ,hi. ""y. Il"U funbe.di$<:o~ued 'Iou ind,vi<lnls wbo w in'e,..,.d ,n foll"wi", poliucsl ud _i.1 evnlli" 11...1 ud 'he (ke\lp;.d Territo ".r. mo•• li~cly .0 ••,..,. ,b. ni..""c< or .heSll'. o( h ...1 lb.n lb"$<: who did no' h.p .brellt o( ,h. new.. App,o.i","~ly b.l(of lhi. IUl.r "oop were rudy '0 Iccq" 110. St... o( [....1 wilhoUl .ny ,""".vuion.whllS""v.,

l,nor,ncc of eu".o, <"cn.. io the hlllo,ic.1 ore. of PII'lline. howO".r, do••nO' nooeSlOr;ly mean ,Iou. rClponden, wll indifre,.nt to ,he "'''"hon. SOaletimes lhereaSon lies in in,oHieien. medi. eoverage, Or 'he pcroon·. I.ek of f ••e ,im. '0 spend onlhc sobjeCl, In lhe cue of he,nr)' worken, lhi. llnct foctor " due .0 lhe 10"8 hoursspent on lhe job ood the ve.)' liring nllu.e of the work i..elf, 74,9 pu cenl of lhosewho ,ejecled lh. uh'.nce of lhe Slale of I,,"el, ••gululy follo ..·.d Pal."inian new..H per cenl o( lhem IOm.umn (ollow.d il ud I,j ac' ceat up••s..,d 10,"1 disinlercslin the mal •• r Tb. leu iavoh.d lhe .apood.nt is '0 lb. Plles,iain issue. ,he mO ••willio, h. LI '0 'CC.pl lhe um• ..,. o( tbe Sl". of lIne!.

Pilannian "!KHao.' Itucd illl.O(iolls "·"elh•• Of 1I0t 10 lav••h. US .11 lheueal o( 11••" bein, offer.d 'b. e""ace 10 ••'tI.1I 'A • PoleSIIl.illl hOIll.llod...e 11$11.ell.ed .0 lh.i••""el/ ce 0' IC)COlion o( lbe Sl.te of I..ael. 'I I/Cr eeal of 110"", wbo,.ject.d .he S'ale of [ I w.re de'.r",;acd 10 re'\lrD. 9.' pu cCOl I/llall.d 10 ,."",ill,n lhe US pe"o.nelllly Illd 9.2 PC' ceol ".,e tllI.tI •• o( ,helt heu,e olans rllo id••")I..... llJO foyad 110.. lb. loa,.r a Palu,ini.. AmeriOln .p.adl ia lhe US, .be mo,.inclined ". i. '0 I.cep, 110. SlIte of 1....1 FU.lh.rmor., .ba. peopl. ".,e 100010 mOrelikely '0 .fford hr••1 ,h. ,am. ullqoeSlioOln, reengoilio.n 'hey .. ill ,i'. '0 .ny Olhueoont.~ ia lhe "'orld. Th,. g,o",in, .eeepline. "mOni 100'·'I'y PII.uiaiao Amerieon.hos lWO "ad.rlyiag eauS.S: (irs'. ,he per.oa in q"es,ion is no lon,cr .ufferiag directlyfrOal lsr~el. and ••condly, US sympathy ,nd IIllista"c. '0 'he Stnle of hr.e!.

R.li,ion ,1'0 influ.nces lhe PoI... ini ...·' allilude tow..ds IJrllel. Reti,ioo nOlonly has ••peei.1 .ian,rie-nce by .nooa o( ilS itapor"M place in ,.Ie"inin IIOciel~.

il il .lso a good iadicuioo or a PoI.Ilioilo'l de,••• o( assimililion ;0'0 "mdc.o_ietf. O.he. ntldia have .u.aled .hu Christian.. ;n .ddil'on .0 be,o, ,h. riutP.lesliaian immi.,an.......110 'h ..... mos, ,,"icU)' • .,ilOilued ;0'0 ,h. n.w lOCi •• yThis Sludf revosl.d lhU Clrris"uI (IIr outl.lllllbcr M,..li"", io .".i, ICC<:PlUce o( lheStu. or h ...1. Onlf ~j.2 I/C' cenl or Ch"Sli.ns ••jec,.d irs U;lleocc.•Ilile .m.....M"slim ,esPOnd I.C n •••e WIIJ 12.9 I/C' ecoL ,,1_1 lbe ...... ulllber of M..sli"",n Ch,isl"'" wered "00 idea- ud 'I WIS (oud ,10•• lb. lllijotitf o( .his """0 w•••• i.h.r bar. ;n .he US 0' lltea lher...hen 'hef w.re very .10.11. It wu clea. tblllbei, AJlICrian mct,.o..ad ""e""..,d • lII11eb .'eller i"noeac. o. lbelll ,""a .ilherIsl.m or Cbrini.nily. Whea tbe urv.y f«.. ..,d 00 p•• lOn.l beli.f (u opposed10 IIldi,ional (Im'ly r.li,ionl. it .mer,ed ,hill lho.e moS! wil1io, '0 Ic«p' 110.ulsl ...e. of lhe Sl't. of Israel w.re selr-<:onfnsed Ch,istllOJ, follow.d by uo...odMltslims 'Dd lhen by non·believers.

Att.mpt< '0 ov.loue Other faclou r.le'ool 10 Ollil""e. lowirds lhe S'"le of["lei disclo.ed lh.l H ncr cenl of lho.c Ict""lI)' bo.n in the US upr."." u".. .alitio"

~cc.p'~nc. of th. StU' of h1301. 40 p.. cent ~eccpt.d 11 ",i,h , •••,ulloo. ~"d rif'ccnp.' ••0' ,.plo.d "no ,de~" I' i, "'0'" 00';"1 'h., 'UpOnden" boro ,n L.b...oo.• 11 •..."hou' e.«p"on - ..jee,.d th... ilion•• or ,h. S,u. or i,,~.l, • hCl pos',blj~ ..oci~'.d ... i'h ,h••oci.1 ...<1 pOlni••1 .i,eum".n«, or r.l."ini.n' li,iOI ,nLeb.non 91.7 per oem or ,.,pood.ou f'om rerUlee Clmp, rejc.'.d the S,.t. of 1".01,u did 69.7 p.r cen, of tho,. 100'0 in vlll'le, .nd 69.4 po' .cnl of rhe u,b.n-bo.n

us rol."lnl.., ond Jcro,"lt ..

Th. mOll .on"o ;.' 'ISU••ncuonte'cd ,n .dd.... ina 'he .00io·poli'ic.1..,itode. of rll.llini 10.,10., in ,h. US 0' .ll.... h.,•. i. ,h." .Ui,odc 'o ... ud. ,hellUu< of J ....ul.ltL

Aecu.diol 10 Uo,t.d """00' General A...mbly Re",lu,ion 194 of ll'hOr:ccmbc' 19~1. Iud i.d••d ,h ,lie, r.rTitioo R.W>!""". III fll) of ~9tb 'o mbe.1~71. J...... l.'" ...U '0 beco ,"'...... "'''.1 The h.' ,ht ,hi, R«oh"ioo no,uuplc",uu.d l.d '0 th. di~i.i"o or rbe Ci'y in'o , ... <) 1):>'''. ,be lu.er of th.m f.lIi ••",ith,o 'h. boud,.. i•• or '"e S"'e of heacl. T"il .... tk<:llt.d 'h. c.pital "r '.....1....10". ,h. Old Cit I. "od.. A13b control. ...... lner .""",cd.•Ionl ...ub ,h......" 1l:I,,~,

'0,10. H••hemit. Kin.do", of Jo,d.oAf'e' ,h. 1967 ..... " 11...1 '.on,l.d 'he ''''0 P~rtl b} henelf ~on."nl ,h. Old

Cillo of Eo" 1.,u•• I.", Th, 5'o,u. or Je,u,.l.m i, fund''''enlOl '0 'he 7.ioni"",o,emen! ...... hol<.•nd i•• CI"oi.l ".", .",,,n, Orthodo, le"s- n", J..o,.lc", i,.ho • oI'y or 'u~••"'. impo".nee '0 .n "".10•.•nd '0 P.le'''ni.", in p.niolOl",bee.lO'. it Conto;....0 "'•• )' Ill.oes , •• red 10 lSi.",.• nd Ch,i'l;'''' .ISO h.ve • l,e1\numbe, of holy pl.«. ,Iou. Fo. oon·,<Ii.iolO$. A,.bl. lc,u,"lem 's • hi<'o"e.1 cil\·.•symbol "r l'llm .nd ,>.,ob nuion.li'tn Ih,,,uah,,ot ,h. l· ..... lIS import.ne, fo. 1...-,.Mu.lims .nd Ch.i"i.n••like ",.k.- i, .,,,emely diffieol1 fo. >or of .he ,10,.. I'OUP''0 cenounee i, lid fo' thi< ,uson il h35- beco"'e ,h. m.jo. o1>lnel< '0 on ""TCI~" '0re.olve .be P.lah,i.n qoe.. ion

It. "'.CO 74 pce <:cot of ,hose Pol.stini." A...."c.o' qu.stu,n.d '"e,. *illi... t'I'e up J"012I.", ,r. 10,' W do, .... ,h. r h"'o.. of .he ... I••"ni." "."101... ",oold be:tmoo.b' neore, It.} PC' cent -C" .d ' '0 ,••" ,er"..1 .nd • I pC' .en' e.oli«l".0 ideo- t..CSP«liv...r ,.e. "'. io""""e 0' .....,,~l O' ...de.." " ,b...."mojoe"l lOr all "'POnd.n" ujc:et.d Ih. notion or .elin.u ..II.iol J..uul nd ,hi<

eld rood ",betkef ,hel "c'e p,o"U~ • pro.SOyiel, p,o-rLO o••o,i-PI.O " ..,dl... "r,h.i, pOli,ieOI <ommi'm.,,'

Th.....s"l .. d....... p••"euIOl ",.n"ooNo. on. of ,h. Ch"s".n P.'e..;n..ns .o.",oned ,,'.s ..od) ,n ."e OilJ••""I.....NOI One or Iho,. 0'" ,he ". of 60 ... " ",.p.red 10 ,elinquish Ih. Ci,y:or 1100.....ho .nswered -00 id..•. m"" h.d ,;Ih., bcon born in 1100 US 0' "'cr.women who displ.yed i.nonnee of bo,h nolit,c. Ind cult"'e.p.leslini.",· ,ef"..1 '0 relinq"i'h ,.,,,..I.m i. b"ed no, ooly on telil'oo, and

eultur.' I'oonds, 100' 00 bi"o,ioll .od nltionllist 00.' '00.

'i"h th, ,o",eo,inl cultlpln"y or ,•• I'Stlc1llo11h peobl.", lod til.. d.reo' or ,heAr.bs. 011'0'00' 00 "OW best 10 .esolve tbe i..". beeline divcnifi.d. nd two OIIpooio.SOlotio... eltl"••d ,~. R.hr'o", SoIutioo nd ,he ~b.. ill Solo,ion Rec.ntly thesc''''0 sol",;oo. bave be."o pOl"i%i"l Pal...;ni.....o. oOlieubl. de"ee

The ,,,e.. ti•• w,lnelSed tb. ,ioc or Mu.li", fond....."uli'''' '0 ....or !".b udhl.mie cooo,,;.... the ""de,ly;n, .USDO' fo, ... hicb "'ere ¥Oei.d. Th. d.f." or Atlbf",,,es ,n J"ne 1967. led to 3 rellizuion of ,he ",..kn."'e. inb.,en, in ,h••~i"io.A,.b ""It"c.l .yst.m, .od th.i, ;n.bility to resolv. ,be 0'0101.",. conr.o",inl the A,obn..ions, Poopl. belon to I""k ,n,o ,h. post ,n .n Itt.mpl '0 ,odi,cover ,he Golden Ag.or 1I,.b hi ..o.~.•nd 'h.~ found thot it eoincid.d ... ith ,he ,i,. of lsl.m Thi, fcclitla

,I

I

,I

·-~l rc;qro,""d by .he suece'" of .he Islamic ,(.alulio" ill tOlll'h", 'he Shh of lrn~nd ., ......,h .he 'Ylll'Or! or bla",'...O"cme"" by coa.."n,in ""'b C<lul<irt,.

Sill.. ldun,. r"O,bmCIl1,hllJl and poll" ...1 Ilbm 1>31 <prud III'Oll,ho.I, .h USP"lc,uoi.n commu",'). i' ..,. Jud.cd nc«ss"y to .".• so"'. 1l1.1I110" 10 "";,adesconccrn,OI the Relit;"". SolI/lion '(1 'he Pak.,inian prablem Illd the ,mp,., IIr ""omb.. of 'd,ted SlXial fa.tall-

hlamic f"ndlm.nllli,,, bdie,-. ,ha, the Middle Eu. conflio' ;1 basically" olnllbe",,".n Mu,lim•• nd Jews. P.le,line, .hey ,'."C, belall,. '0 hl.m .nd .lIould be:,.'urned '0 i.. Muslim owne", and ,he only PO.. iblc ,..... y of .ch;u;nl Ihi, i. b, mC'n,Dr, Jih,d (hall' wHI I••d,n. '0 ,he .S1.bli,hmcn, or on hl.mi~ lIa,. Att,inmen< Df,hi, 11",1 i. r.>Iible only if all Mv,l;m' vni,. in ,.,urniol 1(> th." true fai'h

I1.J ncr cco, of ,.,poodonl> w.,o ,"oolly ,n f,,'ovr of • rclil;ov' ,o'u,ioo '0,hc Pole"ini.o o,obl.m, JO.~ oor ccnl 'np,o,«l of i' bVI wi'h re.c"..;on,. whilc J6,9pc, ccn, "jeclcd i' oUtfiShl. Til., 2S4 pc, cent who rcphcd "nO idc."j. ,ubll.nli.1numbe,) h~d difficull\' ,n P'OPOS'O) 10 .lIern.';"c 10 'hc rcli,iou• solu,ionR"ordl." of bolO' IOp,c,co13,i,c ou' umple is. i' nev'lIh.leu iodie..c, ,II., cxi...o..or • con,id..abl. numbcr of Pale.unian 4ormic.n. "'11.0 "ind con,';n..d or Ihcnc..ui'l' .ftd .he fcu,b,h'y ar a rclilious solu'ion

l' emerlcd 'h' nO! an .11."", io fav(lur of • reliliou. ,(111,,,'(10 ... 'clili(l.... bu,.hcl do consider ilia 'be p'oper aftS..-er '(I Jud.i,,,, .b,cll. ,hcy 'icw .. be,old".clly r.,poo,;bl. for ,b bli.b",.o' of ,b. S,.'c or r"..1. h lOU f(luDd 'hoi th.'D'.n",} ar Je .. "h ,"nmmi'men' '0 t,••el. ;D some ..c.. or ,he L"o".d SIUn.. .veb ••"'c. York. h., lenefl'ed .n cqll.1 ud (ll'P"Sinl Iobmic cOlllmi""enl amool 'heP.lo-s,i.i•• o-ommuoiIY

"'''MlOlh ..-o..,en ar. u,n.ll, mOre ,.'ili"u' Ihu ....0. mal. re'r->ndco" ..odcd'0 f.. ovr • rel'l'ov• ..,Iv,ioo ........ ,hao .. 0....0 Th.. Clft pcrhaPl be .uribvrcd ,,, ,bcfoc' ,!1.1[ m.n P3"ic;o..e IDO'C '0 ,hc ""h' ... of ..hliao and h.,c a "",n~.,

COmmllmcn' In lslamlC mo"",.nl1 ,cl d '0 ,hc 1':I1•.,i"i.n que"inn The rerv••1 oflome ru"damentlli" ..'a",.n '0 .n ·e' lhc qu."ionn.;re ,n~reol.d lhc rel""'co,oll<l,lian of m.lc. ,n ,h,...c,ian uf ,h••u"C)

4 hnk e",c'lcd be' ..'..n lhe ,c,p(lnd.n,'. 'IC and reli"ovs d"av,nc," .nd .hell""'vde laword' a rcl"iou. ,a'u,;on Tho•• ",n" ,nelon.d '0 opt fo' a r.hliau,lolutian ",e the ,'.ry ylmn~ .nd ,h. elderly. bu' • m.. ked o,er."n•• rN ;, b.g'n, '0makc i',elf fel' ln 'cSpnnd.m, ove' 50 Th;, ".wpo,nl ln Ihc e1dorl;' i'und."'and.blo. lIu' " i' difficult '0 •• pl.in 'IS p,ev,lence ~mon. ,h. yaun. II l<

pc,h.p, duo ,n p." '0 poli,io.1 frv." ..;on ""hich ",.kc. ,h.rn ... iI)' influenced b)tcl;I'O~' mo,"nlCn"

Til.. 01... 01 birth or. ral.",n..n A",e"c.. h,..n CUCCI en hi' 'ic .... en ,hi.»p.e' ef ,h. P.l..,ini•• ;ssu. H.lf of ,ha« bo'n ,n hi'te"cal Polcllinc aocep,cd ,he,de. of • ,eltl'ov' solu[;an ('Orne willi. .nd somc .'i.hou, ,...,.a,ion.) .. eomo.r.dwi'h ' ..... 'h;rdl of ,11.(1$00 born ,n Jo,d.. Thi.;s undovb,.dl) dae 'n ,h.;r ... ic,rclili"a. aobr;n)in) and 'bc io(lacnee of • nvmbc. or r.hlio., OllO••mu" in JordonTh"", ".oo..dcau bnrn in lebonon "e,c ..... , ..h....n. in ,hci. rejec.iaD of •rchliou. oolv,iOft, wbil. SO PC' cc.11 of ,h...c bo,o in Ame'ica said 'hll .bcy had -DO,d•••• ud "0'" a, all uorcaacd a Stro.. ) pref.r.oce fOt ,hi. app,oach V,,)' fe.'Palo,"n,.. A..crieus .-e,c bora io lhe G.lf Stu... bv' • n"..be, Of ,hc,," livcd ,hCI'for some ,,,be befo•••",ilrU;nl'O 'he Us. .nd i. ""'" ,bi. 1.0110 wbieh d.moD.lI..edI,eal'" .o'busia.... fo•• 'cliliovs solul;'" Those 1'11.0 had bc-co Ii'inl io 1.....1before 1'Xi1 "·cr. ,be IllOOI"" """""c." of I rclili.'" sola,ian ....i'h;n ,hc lraup orP,lc"io;'nl bo.. io ,bc ......11 Bank. tleb'Olli,CJ (tr.di'ieoally e(lnsidc<cd 'Cry .cl;liog.).. i,h American ci"unsh,p found .be idn (If. r.hlious.olv,ia" "'os' in,c, inl. andfi •• ,im.s mo•• of 'hem .pproved ,hln diuop,(lvcd of i, These are fallo d by ,hcc;';z.n. who u. ho'" Nablu. of ..hom only half app,a..d of i,.

Tak.n >s • whole. ,11.0« ..-11(1 rejected ,he reli.iav, solv"ao [.nded '0 he [h.,owo'p."nlc (",,11o OlC Orten I... ;nnucnced by rclili"n) .nd Ihen .ill'I.'" Itd"I'"who hod beco livinl ,n 'hc camps werc .. lfemely .vopo"iv. of ,hi, ,pnro.ch."lthou&h 'hey .,e v,u.lly considercd rna'. rcvpl"';onory .nd l.n Irf.Cled lIy ..liiionthan thei, eovn'crp,", in to..-n< or vill"lerS,

1'41 (~) :lu!""'PI '41 Iu!,u""d" '~Ulll'lld JO uO'I."q!1 '4' IOJ 'UO"~ 101n<l00l'41 JO UllU'114;) '411Qlll ,1,0'0 (Q) :1'1I"POIO '41 """"d,, 4'14'" ~u.d UI!UI"'I""11'1'"1 '~l '~Il • .:l JO "P"'I pll 0"1<1 '~l JO U'IU""~;) '1IJII" "lUIA (I) S.U!! "JlIlJO .10 uoddnl !u"n<n !'4.1 'SUO!IU!UII10 '4' Uo>""oq IO.U'''Jj!P "nu!"" ''I' dSi1101 'Iqnn U'IJO "I 'liP'''' ''II 'IlnO''I1 P''''I!J UO""IU'OJ"! P'2'lo."u,1 !I'~ '4' PUI'uO:'" u",U"lOlldlql'V ''I' mO'J o>ootql "'4' 01 lu''''o '.,I.!'.WV UIIU!"'lld ('!!l

.,w!IOJ qlJ'" 'OO!'"~ '4' Aq ....41 UO p><odwi ,~, loq ""'''!~ o".!n'lldJO ,"!1I1."""d" !IO~1 ,OU OJI 'UOIllZIUd,o 01'4' 1141 101I'!PU! poddos JO ~~II s!'l.1('UI'I'od ....0 '" lloddo. 01 lU'lIIu,,~oI '41 JO 10"UOO '41 "puo P"'I'!lqlllO u."" "'1uO'\l1,,,'10 '01.0<1" '!I,"omwoo 1I1'.""I"d I 'I'!'" ~I\.ooo qlJ", !,,~••,1 .'111""q ..... !q p"osllod. nOlllZ!.d>o "'"'IIO,lol uoddM .....,,,"'y OI'"11""'d ON (!')

-,.!Oo". IIq, 'Plnoo ",u"sln.' 'OIpoq IIltll!'"I''' l"U" sn '111 "' .uo"I1,.II.o IC"I"'" POI ~""I'LU ''I.l l!l

,"qlp"101 oq Plo0'l' 'I ·~I'!_ IIO'n",v 0111' 1I0""1\1II'SU ,IIII!II!U"~ "II '.""UOUII' '""'111 'OJ uocklo, 1I1!"''''I"d pll "»!poq ....ql ,,"n,h' 01 'P""'~ ,d""l\1 1'1' "Pl"".un 01 111'" .1II.un ",o'J ,.,11111 ..'Io,O'P' ql!'" do II ...OJI .nq tlIO!'IZIU'IO]0 'oq",ou I 'PI"'''' ''1' ,ooqloO''I1 P'''IIII-OI " lIod..,p .{'I"'III"'OO "'\"1"1"01''1' IIq' I'OJ "[I PUI AI.,.... 1I1"""ltol JO '"10"''' .oblllo .ql 01 '''''''0

'IO!I",,,,.O ""!"!1"1"0I 'q, ,"" "',II"'I".I sn

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'10!""'O'd ~,,~ $I p.....~ 10.;' "'lOll' "O"POW '~l JO OlninJ'4.1 IOUIC/O'd 1I,q, JO OO!'OI0." ~ "'I~'OI .' :>100'1' ,(lIOD,a,~. II!- 'a~,u"ule.l 'IICll~"'I'" ""P>J~ 0' lIo"JJ'P"'1 .O!lnl" ""'".,, I 'OJ I~O 0' p,,,,"p" '11' pn Iu..o~'Ill Ivou,. 1'00'1 ~q, ,~ ,,~, lu'lOaa.o 111.u.1 a! 10~""W"" ut'.!"'I~ol Ivo","P'~!''''O<l U'" .0110101 'OOI'!I" ''11 Id".. 0' A,a,pu" 1l1"~0 UV >!II• ..,HO'" ''II ,(q~"""""PO "'I'~'dd~ ,d,,,,," 01 I.'m"'.o "'OJ"'~1 OJ, 0'1'" ,00~'P ''I' JO ~,u'P'JUO'

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'00'1'1" JO UoqlU.1U IOU put <O!l'IOC1 U! p""IO'U' IOU .., 0u'" '''''I,ny; 1no~uo

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Isl.mic mo'.ment' lod by Ibe Mudim Broth.,hoo<l, "'hieh .peak for 'he growiog nood,ow",d. religiou. fund,men"li,m in lhe Alab wo11d,(i,) 1\11 P,lettini,n mo"menU, bo'h in I~O US ,nd el.ewhere, ore deman",,"lng ,tendency ,a pol.,i.. toword. eilher 'he 1.I.mie movemen" Or Ihe lefl, both of "'hiehore rodie.1 ,11 bough in oppa,ing dire,,;on., Tbe mode,"le "rcom ""hieh, un,ilreeonily, w•• very p,ominenl i. now ,ppe.ring 10 decline. It i. tho very eomple~

n,lure or lho P.les'ini.n problem ""hieh bo. dri'en it< people ,a .ook new .hern"ive,-"2J,7 pc, cenl or .11 r",ponden ...uPporlod Arar." 26,~ per eenl "'ore pro_

H.b••1l .nd f;fl«n per eenl f"ou,ed lhe hlamie movemenl> g.4 pOT cenl 'aid lheydid "01 .upport any of Ibe P.le"ini,n org.nization. "ad lwelve per Cenl replied "noide.", The rem.inde, e~pre"ed .uppo" for one 0' olher of lhe org.nltolion; nolmenlioned ,bove. Tho,e who g,ve no 'UppOrt '0 .n~' or ,he org.niu,ion. g,,'. os thcie,e..on lhel, di"ru" or all af lhem, on ,he b.,;, of 1'''' e~p..ien.. w;lh One or mare.in Ihe bolid lh.l lhe« o,goniznlion. hove devi,,,d from Iheir origin,l go.l' 'ad havenol yel «Iurned 1<1 Ihe rignl l,aek Re.pondealS who expres.ed 'hesc view. lended '0be mOre knowledge.ble nbaUl ,he r,l."in;,n inue, .nd ,he voriou. politie.1 lfend,involved, lhon lho," who "id Ihey h,d 'no idoo", II .hould perh,p, be poinled OU'Ihn' ".upPOrt" fa, ,n ",s.ni..,tion i, judged on Ihe ba,i. of agf<emo", wilh if<rundamontal polilic.1 trcnd, .nd nol "eee..aril~ on Ihe 8<ound' of aeli'e particip"ionin ,h,1 ors,nlz"ion It i, .1<0 worth nmi.g lha, p.leSl;ni.n Amerle.ns lend tocon,;der lhem,.lves ".uPpnrte,," of • porl,cul.. org'niz",ion ralher th.n "membe,," ofil. The po1<I«.1 .iluuion of ral..linians in lh. US i. "thee une"y. Thei, .eli~,lie,

ore u,n.lly conducted in ,..re' o,,'ing 'n Americ.', pro·hr.di bi... nd poliei." .nd.Iso '0 inten,ive Zioni'l ,e,iv,ly in that C<luntrl' Nevcrlh<lcss, Ihe r.le"in;'n, remarn'he most hiShly polilleized of .11 Ine Arab eommuni,ie, in the Uniled St"e,

De.pile lhe f,Cl ,h'l men in ilene,,; ..e mote in.oh'ed in polilic, lh.n women,;1 wn' ronnd ,t.. , Ihe percent'iles or m.les .nd [em.le, supporlin£ Ihe diHerent PLOfaction. wcre very c1o,e Women, however, ,ho"ed , R,eater lendency ,h.n men to'n'W« "no ide.", Thi, migbl be" oe upl,ined bl' lhe high rale of ;l1;,...e\" ,mongP,le"i"i.n women and by lh. ""lilie.1 .nd eullur.l i.oblion .... hieh has m.. ked theIi ... of rna" wnmen from Thrrd World eounlfies,

Tho birrhpb.e of Pale,,;"i.n Amede.n, c1e.. I~' ,free" 'hd, preference foc oneOe Olhc, POIi'ic.l nrilan;z.. ion. Those bo,n in Jo,d,n lended 10 ,uppo" lhe ",ode'",eline or V...er Ar.r... while Ihose oo,n in Leb,non were most ",••<lfa" ;n 'hdr,upporl of lhe Pale>!ini.n loC" repre.ented bl' George !Jabosh. Suppon for the 1,I,n"cmO'emen" .,",e p,incip'Jly f,om pcople bOl' ,n Arab eountriel neighbouringPale"ine, .mo,s 'nem Jord,n, Of re,pnnden" bo,n in Amc,ie., only' very smallpercenlOge f,.oured lhe 1,I.mic mOve men" .• losieal re'ult, ,i.ee nO One wouldexpeet extremely Amc,icanized Polestini.n. ln ,ympOlhize wj,h Isl.mier undn menlOlism.

It i, euriou. 10 note th., of tno'e P.le";ni.n, born ;n 'be US, tho,e who didexp,e,". definit< polilie.1 ."nd favour.d Habash (30 pc< cenl) '3thcr lh,n A..fat (10per cent), while the remainder had "no ide," Palestini.n, born in hinorie,l P.le"ineWef< laken " , yardstick for the opinion, or nil other ...ponden", .od within Ihi.group supporters of A'af31 predominated, followed by .ympnthi.... with lhc left, andl"lIy by '~ose who f.-oured 1.lamic mo••menU.

Amons Ihe Jord,n·born Pale"ini.n., a ,mall ro,io .upported lhe l.fl wlnil,while the majority ,upporled ,he middle (A"ro,) .nd 1.I,m;c movemenlS, Thi, 'O'Ulli, due 10 lhe wc.he", of Ine lefli" p.llies in Jord.n ,nd 10 the f.ct that the mediaand Ihe idcoloSY .dopled by lhe reSime docs nol contr,dicl I\r,f3l', ide"" particularlywhen th.re "'as oHieinl Pale"ini,n"Jotd.ni.n eoopen';on ., Ihcre """ whon lhi."udy look pl.... Foe ,he rna" •• rt, lh. Jo,<Ioni.n ,ulhorilio, .ncon"20 the I.lamicmove menu, ,nd in ,ecenl ye.", lhe Hoshemi,c K;ngdom, like. number of olher Ambud I.l.mie countries. b.. ",'ilne",ed an ..<cn,jon of i,l.miIalion to many ••pects orlire, A. w"' shown e.r1ier, Leb.non-born P.len,ni•• American. lend to di"S,ee onmany poin" with lho,e bnrn io Joed'n. The ,<volulion,r~ ,i'u"inn in Leb,nonenupled wi,h 'he exi.l.nce of m.ny politic,l ,plio'« g'<lUl", and with ,h .....e.kne"' of"'di,ion.1 I,lamie movem.nl', nOI.bly Ihe Mu,lim BrOlhe,haod, mcon. IhOi lhe

religious movemoot wbicb predominat.l i. lb. Sbi'j mo'Om.nl. wbil. tbe mojof;II' ofPalel,inions Ib.f. ATe Sunni, whi.b expl.in. Ih. ,,'eohe.. or tbeif .upport for rb.Sbi'i.,

Re.ponden" born in pfe,67 Israel arc "rongly p,o-A .. f.... nd ind«d it i.logicol ,bar in view of lbe cven" Ihal ,uceeeded lhe foundinR of ,be S'Ol< Of 1".tI.tbot Polestini.ns should be loyal to ,he PlO. which 'hey lee .. equoted 10 lhe con.ep'of a Pale.. inion idenli'y_ The Or&.oizolion i, seen .. a symbol of Ihcir nOlion.1identi'y. rhc ch.mpioo which will finally pot a••nd ", thcir pe"e.u'ion, Theirall'Bion.e '0 Ar.r.1 person.lly i. bos.d on Ihe .w"e••" lh.1 h. "'0> prim"ilyre,ponsible for ,he de facIo e".bli.hmcnt of th. PLO. /I"en,ion ,hoold h. drawn to,he f.et thar 01 ,h. I." l".eli eloolion,. III Ar.b •••did.lC' "s",dle" of Ih."ideolon. werc compclinll in Ih. loyaill' ,h.\, pl.dged f<>r ArOrOl. knowing th>l heenjoyed by rar Ihe gre"e" ,upPOrt in t"e Occupied Territo.i••. Mo••ov.r. Ihe .b,eneeof .oy o,her p.I.,,;n;.n [.Clion in.ide ""el h.. helpcd A"rOf', n.me to b. 'hc only00. koown duc to if! reaula, menlion by the media. /lnolhe••ealon ror 10yal'I' 10Arafal il th. foCi ,hOt mOll of ,he p.lellini~n American, who were born (in hi"oric,lPol."in.) before Ihe founding of Ihe "ate of Israel arc now elderly. ,nd h~,ini

emigra'ed Ions befo.. ,he e",bli.hment of the pLO. arc only f,mili.r wilh thi,org3nizotion BIld arc unaware of current poli,ie.1 e'On" in their homeland. One f.c,emerg", qoite clearly - the less a P.lestinl.n Amcricon i, knowledgc.ble .boul 'hePnle,tinion c.ul<. Ihe mOre likely he i, 10 ,upport Ar.fOl

Of ,ho.e que"ion.d w~o h3d fo,merly l>cen 'e.ident in the Gulf St..... ,WOthird. <upported Isl.mic mOvemen" rather ,h.n H.b"h or Arafa,. beo.u.. in tho..countries [,13mie fundamen,ali,m ;, Ihe predominonl ideolol}'.

Tbe fa" Ih., educal'on.1 ".ndar6, in dc,cloping counl,ie, have 3 ,o",idcr>bleimpact on 'he O"ilud., of the popolation i, equ.lly Ifue of Polo"ini.n Am"ic.n,T'o« who ar. illiler.te "c u,ually nOt inlefC"ed In di"u"ing poli';e., If prolokedin'o 'uoh • di,eu"ion ,hey tend '0 ,ide wilh ei,her I\"fat or [,I.mie idcOIO&",s. withlittle tir no 'opper! for Ihe lefl This" 31,0 , wdl-known f.cI In Arob countrie,whc.. lefl'" ,deolog\' i, widClprc.d .mong eduoated pcople Among Ihe ifouP of ""nS..du,..,. who m.ke up • I"ge proportion of Ih~ PoleSlini.n Amoric.n I.boure",,h... i, • m.. ked decline in Ihe popularity of Istomio ideology. wi,h .ppro,im.teljequal ,uPPor! nlCndcd to H.b"h .nd Araf.t. Preference for lsl.m;. mO,"men"appears '0 incr.... among ondcr-gradualcs bul declinc, in gr,duOl.. It .ecm, that therel.,ionship betwoe. educOl;on .nd lhe differeol id.oI08i., i, .hown more olearly inthe diffecenee be,ween edue.,ed ~nd uneduc.ted. '!lher Ihan belween the differen,".g", of educ3!;on

The iocome f,c,or 31'0 h...n impOrtonl IOle 10 pl.y in Ihe .,e. of polilic.1ideology. E,per;enec has .ho,,·n th" Ihe higher the Pal..lini.n Ameri.ao·' ;ncomebrooket. Ihe more Iihly he i, either '0 be pro-A.af". Or '0 .n,wer Ihar he h., "noide.". The majority of ,upport for tne lef, eOm" f,om ,he middl. i.come_brocket(530,000 po} .nd declio.. wb.n ,he income I.vel ri,e, 0' f.ll. Th.re i, mo.c 'upporifor IsI,m;e movement> .mong low-income work." with no te.hnic.1 .kill, who .arn nomore than Iho,e cmployed in rest.ur..n Or domostic work. The p,oporr;on of peoplewilh low 0' ,v.ralle ;noom.. "'01' to be 'nere.. inG rop;dly. ~nd tho.o who were.pprooched for the purpOse. of this ,urve~ c<p<c.,ed an increasing preferenoe fo,bl.min movements and the lef'. while .upporters of Ar.fa, <end '0 b. 'hc wc.l,nywith influence witbin Ihe P,le"ini.n onmmuni,y. Thore i••1.0 • ,rend in lhi, I.llerlI'oup toward, Islamic mo'Omen"••nd i, il re.ollni,ed thU the,e .,. f.w .onfli.lingvi.",. betWeen Ihe ideoloGY of 'he PlO .nd th" or the 1,I.mie fundam.nl,li.n, cilbe<intellectuolly Of historic.lly. Oifferen.... where they do •• i". tend 10 be in politic,l" .. tellY. bul in the US _ ,nd <I.ewhere _ ;, c.n be observ.d ,hot lhe Iwo of len unite 10oppose a challenge from the left.

I,l,m;e rundom.nt.li,m.• lthouah it i. growing r.pidly o",onll Pal."ini,n/lmcric,n, i, neverth.le.., still 001 • widespread popolor move"'cnt, P'ople c.",.in"'ary of religiou. p,"ie5. The Mu.lim, follow 'hei, fai,h .nd ,heir orrhodoo relli;on .the id... of [,I'm ,.,her ,han 1,1'01 no , poli,ic.l id.olon. The m.jority .upportAr.f'l. Any con,idera,ioo of thi, .nbjce, oughl 10 be.. in mind tn", the ,","oy

reve.led l~al 11.6 per cent of Mu,lIm ,e.pondents ..e pro-flab.,h•• I'~aulb be i, •Ma,xill .nd /If Cbfillian orilin A. Mu,lim, the~ ,uppor! bim nol on tbe ,rounds orhll M,rxi,m 0' hi. Chliuianity. but b.elu•• of the priMipl.. whieh his P'''Yr.prClenn. R.liliou, movemen" .nd patlie, tend to l>e bued On r.ilh. bUl linle Or nosupport fo< them CO"" amonl Cb<l,lIao re,ponden" 0' non'believer$, and so th •••I»«i•• 'loud Hnl. chance or pininl "',dcop,nd populo, ,n"porr amonl Pal••linianAm.ric.... unl... ,he,. ". ra",nehi"111la",i,",io" ,her•.

II ,hould be llrltlSOd 00"" a.. ,n Ihal ,he "ropo«ioo or Ihosc: .. it~ -00 idea'.bo"l Ih. Pal"'I,o,.. "'''K iae.ca"". alllGnl ,h. O.;Jt'an Palesl'.i.. Amo,i.,as .ilk• h'l~ d.,re. or a"'lII.illliOll i.IO AmerioJa _iuy and hllie a",..o..es' of thenuio..ali" caOK Non·relilio". people - or 10 be more aee"rlle. ,hose ...110 desc,ibedthe",.clvco a. non.'e1il"..... a" ma,kodly pro·ldli" and di,plal·.d no ...pporl ro,1,llI"ie movern.n". Nor i, supporl ror Anral 'Cr,. .. rani despile Falah·. demand fora secul.. demO<;rlI1c p.lellinian "'!C.

Tho raci that. person h...tronl relll'ou, b.lier. doC! not m"n th'l beinclln•• loward, 'ho I,llm;' mevemonu, b"l th'l he h•• a ,r• .,.r 'e"de"ey loword.politi..] ,.Iilian B.li.v." lend ,a giv. ,h.ir .lIelia"c. ,a Ardal. with hll nuianalinreliliou, idcalolY. and only .fler Ihar to 1.laIlllc movemenlJ. Thi. l>ec.me clea, ftam• ,'"dy of the ,.101ion.hi;:> bet",.en ob.erv.n•• of reliliou. o<;c.,ion••nd tb. politicald".ctioo '''PlXIrted by tbc 'Clpondenl .. A .ize.ble p'OParlioo or Ibe Jupporlers or IheIdl ob"'r.o rohl'OU OCClI.ien.. T~i. i. beel"'" .be roet Ihll 0 pcrson 'OllP<lrt, ~

r.lliioll. '""'......n. o. ArarOl don nOt cl..h wit~ o.ber pcopl." <>pioion 01 th......~erca. if Ib.y .upporl 'he I.fl. lhe ,m;:>licahon i. t"", tb. pC",,1I is .. Ilb.i.l Tbi.,••,ill a very KII.ili...objccl .Il1O.1 P.I••lIl1i.. A_.ican.. Eac.plio.... or _ .... ,.1..aYI coill to pro'. lb••ule and it .......nlllCti ...., foulld ,h.. lOme lenilll do bu•..lIliou> beliefs., lXIuibly bee."", .r'n 1912. when rho p.lesl1n,n ".i...nce movementldl Beint. many Plk"'n"II'... h<the< boliO'elt 0' DOt. 1011 ,heir confidence in ,hoold 'Y".m which h.d brOUlbl aboul thal "lullian

A Palestini,n Am..i.ln·, job influences hil POliti ••1 dlr... ion .nd it .m"ledtllU .uPPOrt fo, AUrU was hllh omang ".,demic P~te"in,.n., Many of Ihi••roup.who pl.)' ,n ,mportlnt '01•.• 1.0 b.li.ve lnu they h,," I mnjot p.rt to pl.~ an ,hcPal."ini.n .cent. oWin. 'a lhe ,mP.ct of American policy io th. Middle EISt Th.irrcohnl m.y .ISO be c.used by lh. d.,irc Or At.b lo.ernmentl to inn"e,,"e Amerieal"rO"lh .cade",i. P.ICI,i.. i"", ill Ibe us.

Mooy or lb. Ioboo«.. arc loch ned to Ihe I.rl. "'lICCially 'he ed..... I.d.•"dtk<:..... a Iual _lIy P.I..unin. in A....ne••ho••Ilkoulh «I...u.d. can only ..nrka, ,.\>0"1<," MOil bosilleum•••opporl tb...." ....vu;v. Ii". of the PLO (A.duj.Th. , ..... illd.. ar. divid.d be'..·••n tb. Idt (Ha~lb) .nd 'lie Islamic "",v.,...n'L n.,"planuion ror Ih••ltll"de or tb. pro-kf!iSl bUlill eo is 'hll .oyone ,"n""'1 •privu, .ntcrp,i... teod. to call bi ...... lr • "b...io u" C"oo ir Ihe eOltrllfiSC inqucolion i, quit. sm.1l Tile "'hil<-c:ollar wo,h,. di>lI,but< Ib.;r .upporr 'broughoutth. Vlriou. p.tli.,. Moll or lh. PlIOlli";an Amerleon "udentl '"p....ed "no 'dea" 00,h••Ubj.Cl or political lin •. Many or Ihem hold American nationolily .nd same w...born in the US. but th••winl lowards lh. I.ft nnd th, 1,lamio mov.ment. ,••rowingamonl Ihi. IrOUP

0" rbe qUOSllan or ... imilllion .nd III influ.nc. On political hcli.f•. it wa.found tbu Ibe Iro..er the delr.. or ."',,,illl;oo. th. Ie.. lb. political .W'llCn." nflb. r.,po..dCl"" ""'ericaniuli01l Is no indicali01l or political incli... tion. b.. t ruheror a pcrso..•• brudlb or t ..owl.dle ab,nt ,b. Pal."i..iall probl..... II "'as .oted Ibat10_ respot>d.nll ",ho Did lllat Ib.y did _ lopport an,. POlit,cal facl'oo. ill ract$pokc Anbi. vCfy ..·.IL TbiJ ",ould 1<em 10 'mply. nOl a dilintelesl in Ihe Palest;oiancaUK. but ,ull... hilh delre. or fr"'In.lion ",il~ Ihe .ilualion 'lid a rono or ~rOI"'.

Farthermore....ulll also Jho..-cd .nat 100 l)<' CCllt or ,e'POod."lS ..ho .pok.ollly Enlll.h Aid rllOl the, IIld "no id••" .boUI lXIliti.,1 ;nclln,"an. Thi. docs nol;:>,ove th., asJlmlluion soes band ill hand ... ith I plo-'iBII"" lrcnd. r.,her th., the"'POlldenll ~II.'" OOtbill1 .MUI 'h. causo. The u.c M A"bie coin,id., with IOPPOrtfo, 1.lom. and Ihe 'trong tic between lsbm und Ihe Arabic lunlulg. mIkes i, 10.i~"1.

Orlhod"x Mu,llm. conJider aoy d.porture rrom the Arsbic IlngUIg. 10 be a departure

from Islam itselL Moreover it emerged lhat the u,e of Arabic mean, 'upport forA.... fat. revealing the strong link be'ween Fatoh's ideology and that of l,lam,Detachmen' from Arabic and from a tOlal commitment to 'he language doe, not oolyreflcel Amedcanl.ation bUI in addition 'n intellectual Hbe'ation and on inelinationtow.rd, the left.

The fact tha' Ihc three polilical line' 00 which 'hi' study focu,ed receive thelion', ,hore of Palestinian American ,upport doe, not imply thei, rejoclion of .11 oth",lio.., but merely th>t pale$,ioiao. in the US do not have ,uHidenl ioformation aboutOlh.. fa.tion. to enable them to choo'e. Some ..,pondenlS did declare their ,uppOrtfor Other "ationali" and leflist parties, but they were io a minority.

Supporte" of Islamic mOvemeOll in Ihe US Pal.stini.n community tend to bcIe.. Americani..d bec.use religiou, ,."dctions prevent them hom mixing ,oeiallywith other Ameri.an. although 'here ore many bl.ck Mu,lim. in the S'ale" bot fo,tbem the oalore of fsl'mie culture i' somewht different.

Con'ideration of the Iiok betwceo a"imHatioo .nd child-,earing produced.im;l.r re,ult<. Tbe m.jority of Pale,,;ni.n American, reject the Americ.n w.y ofbrioging up children (throughout the full fOOie of r.,ponden" frnm Commuoi,,, toMu,lim.). Soppo"e" of the hl,mie movemento. however, have cho'en to bring up'heir offspring in the tr.dition.1 Arob ""y. a, do ma" of the pro_Arofat group.Pale,t;n;oo Amor;c.o, on the lefl Of the political ,pec"om ,eject the American methodbUI al.o h.ve oertaio ,e.e,vOlion, .bout the Anbs' conservotism.

Oe.pile the fue, that many rale"in;.n Am.r;can, expr"sed " desire <0 reWrnta I~eir bomel,nd aod ;aid that Ihey oonside, their re,;denee in America a ,emporOlyone, lhe ovcran impre"ion they BOv, was thot fe ... woold lellnlly l,ave the UnitedStale,. Pole"ini,n Americon', for t~e mo,t part, arc frce 10 vi'it fale"ine al anyrime. bu' few .etually do.

Half of t~c 'e.pondents w~o .. id thot t~ey "'ould not leave t~e Stotc•. h.<I ",dthcy had "00 ide'" nbout the l"ue of , politic.t lioe. On tbe other hood. tho'e whouprc"ed a determlnatioo to le,ve had rescrvation. with re.pcet to their .uppo"whether for the plO, the e.Ueme righl or the hr left. Lefli" ,upporteu ,uffern.riooal alicn.tion in .ddit;on ,a inleliectu.1 ud ideolog;c'l alien3lion. Mony ofthem live in very poo, economic conditions. Suppo,le.. of 1,lam;c mO"emen" .1'0,uffer from ideologic,l alienalion. but not f'om national .lien"ion for ,e1igiontranscend' ootionality. Attentian ,hould be paid to the altitude, of ,upporters ofr.le'lini.n or£anizalion, toward. the r.lellioi.o problem .od possible ,olu,ion,- Them.jorit}' or those who favoured' milit.rl· ,olot;on arc left wing. and Mu,lim, ,1'0tend to r.vour thi' appro.eh. bec.u,e 1,I.m h.. comm.nded Ihe w.ging of • Jihad(holy war) on behalf of Allah in o'der to liberate Muslim I.nd•. Most of Arafat',,upporte.. are those who lea" 'UPPO" a mililary ,olution, de.pite the f.ct that oolyfour ye." ago lhi, patty was promol;ng ,uch ,logan. as "Revolution unlil Victo,y" .od"Armed Struggle". Thi' rapid departure from eontrave"i.1 ,Iog.n. ,"veal, thot. ioThird World couotrie, os well a, ;n developed countries, the influence Of the le.de, i.immeo.e, The influeoce of ao individu.l leader defi"e. the politic. I trend, On.omany occasion. someooe who began by advoealing "Totol Liberarion" ended by u,gingwith the ",me enthu,ia.m "Libention of any Part· .nd t.lking of "The Failu,e ofArmed Struggle",

Confu,ion exi"s .moog Atnf.r. moderate hction, where., harmony and uoityprcvail amonll the left .nd the l'lamic muvemenlO. Tho.e re.pondents with "no id.a·abUUI • pOlitical line .1'0 had "no id.." '00"1 a military .olulion to Ih. p.le"ioianproblem. The rem.ioder of th, p.le"ini.o Amerie.o. quelliooed were .ilhe' fromlsl.mi. '"OVements or the group who arc iiliterlle. Some fell thOl [,I.m ,hould beallowed to resolve the issue, dcctoring that the coofliet i. merely a IImnle w'lled.mong "hei.t, aod. OS sucb, not wonh botheriog aboul.

The m.jori,y of Americaoized Palestinian Americo", .ccepted the id.. of anl"ael1 St..e io histori'''1 r.lest;ne ,nd of thi. g'oup 70 pcr cent h.d '00 ;de," on thequestioo of • politi..l line. It cao be deduced tbot .omeone inclined to reject thee~islence or the SI..e of I,roct in historical ralest;ne. i' likel}' to be mare .ware of,.nd ioterested in, lhe Pal.Slio;.n p,oblem 'od more .pecific in hi, ."ilOde. Tho,e

who acccpred Is"el wirh re,er.arions wcrc mO<lly Ararar .uppotrcr~, followed by lho<oof the left (H~b~sh) .nd rin.lIy rhc Muslim,. Fund.mentalist< e,nnOt ond will 001oeceDt or ocknowledse rhal any "Muslim lond," bclon~ to hr.el. Thcy will not o••eD'rh;. premi.e even", ••implc r.cr;c becousc SIr.,CU of rhis nalurc doe. nor fall withinwhal il pcrmiss~ble 10 the ideology of I.lami. rno"emenU. The altitUde of Pole"inianAmerie.n. row.rds P.lestinion o'g.n;,.,ioo, is a v.ry .en,ir;"e ;ssue, .nd .lters withrhe .hanges rhot 10k. pl... w;rh;n thc,c organizations. They have besun [0 red tharrhey will h."e [0 p.\' Ihe price of Ihd, ptO 'UPDort . p.rticulorly Ihe aerivi", . dueto rhe continuous pressure or Americ. 'gain.t Ihe pLO. M.n~ members of rhe USP.I."ini'n community h••e "no idco" re8"ding 'UPDort for the PLO, hut rhos< who do.uppOrt it are $pre.d thro"ghoul rhe community.

L "'ofr. 19S~, ]2. Seng"ook, 191" ~4

•

J. TH..E EXTERNAL FACTORS WHIClllNFLUENCE THE ARAB-ISRAELICONFLICT AND THE ATTITUDES OF THE PALESTINIAN AMERICANSTOWARDS THEM

Con,empoT"~ hillory h.. no, wi'ne"ed ,nOlher e,u,e like lha, of lhe Pale"inian,which ha, m.n~ dimen,ioo, aod i, .((e.'ed hy m.ny e1omen" ,uoh aI lhe P.I."inia.people them'eI~«. I"aol ond many ooun"ie, throughou, th, world, The P.l",inianeau,e h.. lhree dimeo,ionl: ,he loeal. lhe oa,ional (on 'he level of ..... b coun"i,,), andinternational, ..p<ciall~ ,he role, ei,her negalive or po,itive. plo~ed by 'he Iwo'UP"I>O"'er., t~e Soviot Union and lhe Unilcd S'a"•.

We can <ee ,he in(Juenoe of the eX1Cfnai fOfO" On thc Pale"iniao cousc, ormore aoouralely, On the viowpoin" tohn by 'he Pale"inian American, toward, ,beoutside iofluenocs On 1~c1r nation,l cau,., in lwo re,poo", ,he fi", i, lho greal erfec,which the birthptoco or the Pale"inian Amerioan, "' well as hi, 'e.idonee boforoimmigration, h.. on ~i. atti'ude w",'ard, lhe difrCTenl ..pect. of the Pale"iniao o'u,c:the second i, Iho pOwer lI'oup which 'he Palo"inian Amerioan oon,ide" 'he p,imar}'roo..n bohind 'he Pal,,,ini'n problem. Tbe ,u"'ey ,hawed tb.' 24.4 per COnI believe'he We"ern ..,le, are 'he ,e..on, )6.~ per eenl ref" 10 ,he ZioniSt movemen', "nd 2.1,1per cen, eon,ider lbe A..b coun"ie... holding primary ro,po",ibili,y ror the tr.gedy,

It il difficult to generoli" al>oul lhe opinion of Polo51inian Amerioa.. on 'he,lIitud.s or diff...nl oountri., 10 lhe Pole"ini.n cau,. because 'h". atli!ude, diff.,from country ,A eounlfy, So w. will eonfin. onr,e1,'e. to di.eu,.in~ th.ir pel'i,ion, onlhe rna" infloential faotors, which origin, I' in 'he Ar,h countrie •. Th. di"u"ionwill revolv. around lh.ir ".od On Jo,d.n, wi'h i" do,e ,.Ialioo to lh. Pale"ini.""u,e, (sine. il bec.me a e,u," ,od Jordan wa. est.hli,hed .. an entily). Th.o w, willdi,ou" 'he ".nd of 'he Pole"ini.n Amoric.n, on Ame,io,n "nd S"vi<t polioie. ,n theMiddle E,St-

The p.I..,ini,n "'metl"o, ,od Jord.n

Through'" history, Jo,don h" occupied. "n,ili,·. po'ilioo in ,ogard '0 'heI.nd of hi"o,io.1 Pal''',ne .nd lho P.le"ini."" lordan ,<commod.,e. 'he large"numb.rs of Pal."ini,", outside ,heir homel.nd ,nd ,h". numhe.. arc oqual if no,more ,h,n 'ho.. of Pales,ini,n, in,ide Ihe Wen Bank, Gua Std" and lIr.ol. ThePaleSlini.n, eonsti'u,e ,he largen community in Jord.n, ou'numbcrini the indigenouspopulat;on of 'he oounBy. Al<o, Jo,d.n hU Ihe lon~c" bord., wi,h 'he land ofhi.,oTio,1 P,le,'ine, and poli,ically repre,enlOd Ihe majority of Paleslini.n, in Jo,d.nand 'he We" Bank ror nineteen ye.... It h.. continued By;ng to do.o even afte, the1967 wa, .nd the fall of ,he We" Bank in'o 'he hand, of ,he IST,eli ,>cenpation. andevcn afler lhe 1974 Rab.. ,ummil in which it was decided Ih01 lhe PlO i. lhe '01.legilimOle reprcscn'Olive of ,h. Pale"ini,n ..cool., a d.ci.ion which w", agreed '0 byKing Hu..cin him,elf,

The off;ei.1 Jord•• i.n·P,le"ini.n relatin",hip h.. undergone m.ny uphe,,',lsronging f,om .Il-oul war in 1970 10 almost complete eoo,dinal,on following thedep'<1o," of lhe hle"i.i.n r..i".oce f,om Beirn, of'-Jord.ni.n fi~ur.. _r.garding lh. form which rel31ion, ,hould lake wi,h Jordan at ,h. time of offici.1di"8reem.nt belween the Jordani,n regime ,nd the PLO. lIut dirference, o<cu, and,hc attitude toward. Ibi, ,elation'hip become, vCfy I.nsi,;vc a, mom.n" orrapprochemen, between 'hem, as in 'he periOd bo,ween 1982·19g6.

In !hil "udy we di,cu" ,he po,ition of lh. Pale"inian Ame,ican, on 10Td.nianPal."inian relations from diffe,ent pointS of "iew, 'ht relationship which thePalo"i.ian Ame,ic.ns would pref" '0 h,ve with lhe Jordanian Tegime. ,heir ,"ilude'0 ,he II Februorr 198'; Amman accord belween Mt Ya..et AfOrat, lhe Ch,i,man orIke PLO, and King Husseio, ",'hieh endo,"ed lhe principle of land for peace andTeco&nized lhe righ, of lhe Pal.,linian peopl. 10 ,.If·dolermina,ion ia 'bo frameworkof lord,ni.n_Pale"ini.n confedt,ation. Thi, accord pu, 'he lord,nian·P.le"ini,nrelation,hip in ,he framework or eQOpeT31ion in wo,kinll lo",'ord•••olutioo for the

hle>liailll eU~ Ind Irin 10 bj·I)O." '''e hru!i·Arae.ien .-clo 011 ,~e plrlieip",ioll ofI~e PLO I••n independenl pUly Ind "' • sole leliri"'"le ,el>ruen,ui"e fo. IlleP.lelliniu people.

We .100 ",udy Ihei' polilion on Ihe eonveninl of Ihe 17,h .euioo or IheP.lelline Nllional Council On 22 ,,"ovembcr 1984. In .ddi'ion. we eumine Ibedirrerenl .oei., foc'on which inrlocno. 'he adop,inn or a 'IOnd loward' Ih. Jordanianreaimo lod ,he role Ih., ... i.,iia,ion plly, in 'he fo'ma,ion or ,och • pOI;,ionPale"ini.n Amcrieanl have lIiFfer.", poin" or view reiullini 'heir rel.rion, wilhJord.n jill! .. Ihe1 do On Olhor iSlo., h'ch perrlin ro 'he Pale"iniu caUK.

Pllee of birrh plly, u impo nr .ole in derillinl rhe vie"'POior Or rhehlc"iniu Amerieu. on rhe ..Iuion,hip wilh Jorll.n. Fo. enmple, 'ho P3leslin;aal..ho ""«. boro in Jordan "'e '~e nne. mOSI ;n,erured i" 'he uiuenee of so...., kind of..''''ion,~lp .. i,h Jord,a been.., rany of 'heir reillivu lad so"'o of 'heir ecoao.. ieand socIII inr«eo,. Ire rhere. nd 'Iso b' '<llOa of ,"e al'U'e of 'heir nn.T1II aadp'ycboIOliclllOCialiulion. i" rhr ,h., "ere raiud in lordu before I~CI' illllllilruiOIro lhe Uliled SIUel- T1o,," bon il Jo'du ""ollid like '0 ue Ihe ..,uinl·nl> of .......,tild of .c1l1ion."ip (redell'ion or confede.."on) ""i'h lo,dlll. Tile ",me i.J "Ue ro''"ose borll in olhe, A,"b counr,ie' "'ho eon.id.. Jo.dan II lhe" f;1Ul1 .helle. if tiledoo......e ,hut '0 Olhe' Allb eouorriel- The" rcar. Ire bncd on Ihe un'table .ndehnlclble .i'uation ,n ..hieh Ihey Ii'·e, Inll On the riel tht lhey cauo, rClura toIkei. komel'nd ~ro.. ,he lerminllioa of ,"e I.neli ""euplI;on Mel ....hile Loblnon·bo.n Pole'I'niln, do nol wlnl Iny kind or tell'ion.ki" willi Jo.d.n They do no, hlvc:lny InICrel" Ihoro. Ind ~ny"'"y 'hq' ~O"'Ii1u'e Ihe mo.1 revolu'iona,y g,ou" of IheI'llelll.II.1 in 'he Arlb counlfie., onll it il difficult ro, them '0 locc"t 1 .peeilltelat;on,k;p with a ~on,e,v",ive regime like the one in Jord ....

US·born Plle"'nian!, ,"her like Leb.nese p.le"ioi.n~. do nOI or'en Incl,ne,o,,"rd, I .peeill rcluion'hip wi'k Jord .... bu, ,he «1000' Ire different. Some ortllem II.... , poor knowledle of tke Plles"oiln "tn,ioo. 10 I relat'on,hip wilh Jo,danis 00' of ."-y imPOtllnee '0 ,hem. eveO ,~ou.h ,kere should be 00,,,,"1 rclltia'" ""il"Jordan IS ..ilb an, olhe. eountr, in 'he wo.ld A. for ,,,"" Plles,inian Aroe.i"",,,,born III billorical Pilestine, lbo, dirr.. ia lhei. _i,ion on lbe 'SSae of • relu>Ollsbip....k Jord.a OJ lhey d,He. on roany olher iDa... Mosl of them hue re!a,ives illo.dlll,. lid 'nany of them "ere barll la tbe \liell B.nk....hieh bc'ca_. rollo"""1 'beJericho confe.ence io Dee.... ber 1941, PItt of I"e Jo,dani.. Kinldolll nd ..~""popuillio" became Jo'd.niu ~iti",n. in 1950 nese in' " ""."c' 'kem ,owlldlbuildlnl .ell,ion.... i,k Jordon Ho..e~... '''cy ha\"e bod bi" pcrienees and "'en',",oulk poli,i",,'. coonomle and oation.1 p'oble .... under Jordlni rule. Thi' i' ,lier..,oll ""kieh Ii« behind 'ke p«lenee or m.n~ of 'hem in ,ke Unltell S,"e•• so bolk,u"pOf! ror. Or rejeerion of, Ihe proPOul Fo' bnildins :l speci., «llIion.hip ... ithJordln is PO'sihic. and wc no,ice helill,lon '0 Iheir .. Ind on 'his lelllitive i,,"e.

It COme nu', Ir... undying 'he relolloo,hip bcrween the birrk"II" of IheP'lellinian Amerie..., ond 'kci' lui'ude lo..ard. JO,dln, thll th. cle",e.. Find;nl'wero in ,e.pcet or tkose ..ho livc io Ike GulF Jllle'. They fo.m the lorle" pCrcenta,cor 'Clpondenll ""ko suppot< 'hc .."ios·up or clo'" «lllions .. itll JO,dln. beuusePolcs'ioiattJ In Ihe Gulf C<luntric, feci 'heir ,ilUII;On lhcro to be ""'POT1Iry Induottlble and 'hey know 'hit their file will IOOner o. Iller lic i. Jord.... Th,," .ho...d li..cd in Ihe Gllif st.les were lIIO'e i",.«<ted ill telllions .i,~ Jord:lo 'kill ,,,.....• ko hid li.-cd in Jo,dl. 'llelf

B," ,,," ..Ijo.;ty of .he p,les,i.i.. A"",.icon, (53.3 per ee.' of 'lie responden..)lie ia '"..oor of .....i., ,j",il.. 'elllioOl .. itb Jo.dan IS .itb n, atber conn«y " I~e

.orld. wbile 15.1 pe, ceo, of Ihetl re;ee' any k;od of rclllioo.h;p wi'b ir. eo",,,le«hlest'"i.n 'ndependeoce i. tbe de","od of ......, Pllcahlliln A",ericao. who Ireeoncernod lbout the Pale.lilll ... questioo.

A '"'Ie pe'ceO"le or edne"'ed Pale"ini.n, in ,be Un"ed S'a«. rejcetelllbli'kini opeei.1 «1",lon...ilh Jordan, ... hile 'he illi,crlte Imonl ,"em (mlinlywomen and old ptollie). prer•• lome kind of eonn«',on ... i,k i,. Ilthoulh ,ke moreeduca'cd th. r..pondc"" .re. 'he 'tronBer lhe ioelina,;on ImOnS Ihem noL to have,pedal .el.,ion. ""ilh Jo.d," Howcver. ,hooe who dom.nded lhe com"lete cUllinl of

rd2fiollS wi,b Jordla iach.dltd .....,. illi«,"'el 'ha uy o<hCl .'Ollp. TI>os< .. bo b........'c cdu,,",ioa wollld p,ef., C$'~blilhi•• "11111, rcll'io". ju" as .. i,b aay o,herCOII''''Y·

The i"come of 1'I1...';ui ... A....icus bU In erfeCl Oil 'be rO"""'OIl of ,""i,2f,i'lld.. 'ow••ds r..ll,ioalhi"" .. i,h Jordan, whil. lh.i, p,ofcssion hIS 110 bu"as oa,heir jlldsemenl. I, ... m. 0 ..1 lhll lhe hi.he, ,he ,ncome of lbe •••poad.nl.!.. ,he ""'..'hey dni,e 10 hlv••1",e. ,elu'onl wilh Jo,dlu AIm,," hllf of lh. ,espond.nco who..• noull iocom. 'I hiSh do 00' ... Iny flllU .. for lb. p.I •.,ini.... w'lhoUl I .p.e••1•• II'ioalh'p .. i,h Jo.dan

The o.her ladieilor which wao used in o.der 10 .".bli.h ,h. IUitudc ofAmerie.o, 'O"'",dS lord.n wll .Uilud. lowl,dS Ihe 'I,cemen' bClween Kinl Uusseinand Va,,", A,d.., It CU',e ou, f,om 111~;nl '0 lhole ... ho 'UPpO,'ed lh. 0lrcemenl.Ihll' lh.y did .0 nOl bco...,e i, ......n aare.men.... i.h lordan, bu. bce.u,e i, wOO

.ian.d by Arara" They have ",ona f•• linl lhl! Iny "ep lIken by A,afu willlIec...ully .e,v. lhe Pd.llio;.n cau,•. I. i, nOllbl. lhal ,om. p,o-Jo,dani.n figurcIdef.nd.d lb. "s,cem.n, from lb. 10gl. IhU h " ill ,h. in,•••" of ,h. P,I."ini.npeopl., Illd did 00' der.nd I, from the Jo.danlu ""io' of yiew.

Th. Plle";oiu Am.. i...... n(lw.d I g'n. f.or of lb. Hune, A,"fu".,cem.o•• Ind lh,.fo,. hlf of .h. 'Clpolld.n.. ,t".'ed ;, Ind I 1'.11 pe o oftbo«: wbo ....p«d 'I. did to (loly .. ilh ,.u,va,ioos..

Th. pe,c.olil. of lh. IUp",,"... (If ,h•••,ceID.O' IS e"ully dil1,ibulcdbo.wceo ",co ...d wO......... II.ile 'b 11.0 lllppon i, wi,b 'eser....ioa.... tnlial~ "'.0.'No"'co ••od 10 liye a ·Ves 01" No' 10 , of ,•• "u<lliolll. bIOI "'0 .cod '0

·piliIOlOphi..' ...d diK"" tbiul'- Al fo, III. ho ..ject .he II''''''''.', '''.y Ire.... iuly meo, and abou, "".-<llIatl« of .he wo ,..pondeall ....... iloono, 0( 'be.hov.-....olioncd ".....m.a, .ad COII.SC"ueatly hue 00 opi"i.....

Tile old people lhow.d IDO« '.ndency 10 UllllOrl lh. a.' ......n.... h,l ...."'1 oflh. youn. peOple tejo•••d il. If ,bi. riodinl .... be ••oerol;z.d Imoo. th. p.ICltini.npeople of ..ho....h. youth «p<csenl • hi." Ilere.nll.c, lhen Ihe tall< of I •• Jo,d... i..."lim. 10 ....o.lh.n ill p....... ia .h. occupi.d W... Bonk ood .moollhe PII..,ioia..people io generol will b. ve,y difficult.

Jordaoian_bo.n PII... ioi,n. ,howed mo...upport fo, .h. H","ein-A..fal'I me.,. while lh. PII.S'inio .., of L.bonon wer••h. mo" viIOr(l,," (lpllOnen" or it.u ,h i, no ....On fo' .h.m to ....p. i., 11(11 h"in••ny connoc.lonl ... ilh JordanA. for US· born Pol.l1inino" ... ho.. numb.r il "owin., .h.y Of< n.ither II' in" nO, forlh. agteem.n'; .h.~ m01tly had no id•• abOul Ihe '''bjeCL Th...,pond.nl' who""d.d io lh. Atab Gulf St.lCl b.fot< imml"uiog .0 ,h. US, "" mo,. rndy '0.ccep. lh. Jordllni.n·PII."ioi.a nl • ev.o mo.. thon lhol< h(l were bo,n inlo,d.o or had f(l,m<rl~ "lid.d Ih..c. Wc .""blilhed prcviousl~ lhll Ih. P.Ie"'ni....in .h. Gulf ,.111. ,(I Jo,dlo '0. Ircat ..'co, o... io••o ,h. flc, lhll JO,dlll i, ,h. fin.1pll.. of rcfule rD. lh.m ...d '0 lhe f.ct .hll io 'he 19101 aod 19BOa lh. 1'I1"lini..bou'lOi.le io ,he Gulf "."ed .0 ,,'"bli,. proj«tl io Jo,dlo aod '0 iav... ,h.ir "",a.y,h•••,

AI ...a,d, lil.... bo,a , .. ,be la ..d of h"lo,ical I'Iles.i"•• of wbolll lbe W..f

Bant·bo,,, coo"i'ul. th. majo,itY••bCJ sho...ell <OllIid...bl. I .. ppon fo. lh. 1.""''''''01(Ibou' 20 pcr e ). T"l. i. bc<:a0$< ,,,. 'Ne" Baak ... fo. a IOn, ,ime mod«Jo,da"i.o 'III d Ib... arc still official COnllOCliou, .. i,b Jordlll UCI Ifler illna:upatioo. bill lb. la,.e" pcr.... '.le of Ih.... born ia bis,,,,i,,,"! PII..Ii.e i, ...ialllh. February II .ce",d.

PII."i ..ia .. A....it::aa. wha i..",i.r..ed 10 ,h. U"i,ed Sl f,o....b.I'Il.llill'.n ,.fu... amp, in ,b. Occup,ed T."i'ori....nd th hholl.inl Arlbcouotrics wcre Ihe .,...... oppoo.,," .0 Ih. Hu..d,,-Aflfll a., eol. Ther. hav.b..n ",.ny !'al... inll" ..fll,,, C'IDP, '0 Jord... lioce 1941, lod n.w 0.... WC'••dd.dIfler many P.I..,io;ln. lefl Ih.i, bomcl.od (lllowilll ,h. 1967 "I< 10d .h.y liv. ,herc"nder difficult <oodhionl. Bul 'he .",er••n.. of ,h. PLO Ind its bllC. i..,id••h•• a",ps lav. blck 10 ',Ic"ioi.n ,.fuS'" I f.cling of n.,iono' in'.lti,y .nd pridewhich .h.y had lost, 10 i, is o>tural ,hal lh.y would p,efer iod.p.nd.nce under thelead."hip of PlO

RespondeI'll ...100 hd Ii-ed '" Ihe ei,ies before Ihe", "nmi...-atlon '0 ,be US Ire,b. l.u' oppo",d '0 'he Hu~'ei.·A,ah, a.re.m.n', ben.... Ihe ei'iu. parti.ularly,10"", of ,he WCI' Bank. a,e 'be _, clo..ly con.ec'ed .,,10 Jo.d dllC '0 'be ..lD;'permanenl ~.."",ic i......~.......d .....de ..Lo'io..s ,.,.;',i.., w;,to Jo.d 1l.

.... ro, ,toe ,,'u;o..~to;r> be'.eu ,h. 1....1 of edueu;on alld 1'0';';0.... IbeJo,daa;an·l'1Iluhain "SreelDca,. i, _r>pe.red ,tou 'he hi.ller 'he level or ed ..culoa.,lie more emr>hllie ,lie ,ejection or 'he a....men, B... ,100" who aecep' i, haddiU..en' lev.1I or edueallon, and mOJtly eOme from illi","1C soClon. a!lho"Sh i, milS'b. ob.erved ,loa' lome we," ."dUIlU, Thi. ob~e,vllion indicues Iha, ,he attilude Isba.ed on polilic.1 con.id...,ion,. and nO, merely jllst on .n .sre.men, be,we.o ,wole...d.,!.

la '"lard '0 p'or....ion. war~... eOllst"nlCd ,he "i,be'!' percen'.,e .. jec'ia. ,h.a'........a .....d. u we lone ...de clea•• Palntraian wo.k... ill ,10, US. "'r><,illly ,h.hetoty .o.k.rs, I" ...ully well oduca'ctl. T".y complel.d SCNadl'y SChool atld.om, or 'h.... completed ull,~.nity lIndy. whil. o,IIe.. "udi'd ouly the ri .., y... i.un;v.rsi'y at ler, ,to. uII,ve.. ily bero.. comr>leltn, '"ei••dtleuioa; 'he bu,in.ssm'lI,ur>r>0" ,he I.ree",en' more ,h.. o'h." (n.3 PC' cu').

Income, beins In e1.men' ,e1a'ed '0 p.or... ion. is or Impo,,"nce in 'hi. ,ubject.Those who IIav. I hilher income amon8 ,he P",'eSI,ni.n Amerlean, lend 10 ,upporl ,h.10,dIOi ... n-P.lu,ini.o "Ireemen' mo,. ,11'0 ,hose who h". lower ineom.. Th.,espondents ...100'" income ;t less .IIln 530.000 objected '0 'he Ig'<em.o. by Ililh,lymore ,hn hair (SI PC' <en,). while 'h. , ..pondenu ... h.... income i. mote 'h.. th.'ohj<eted 'G ., 10" (lll PC' eeG'~ It beca ...e <lu. 'hot or .hose .ha$c ;G<:Om<: i, <DOt.

,,,.. $)0,000. lOS PC' Cea, ocJCcted ,h••••ee ....o' ....d .:U pe. ceG' luPported i,.Tu.ni .., to ,b••dotio...llip b een the ..Ii.;o.. or lhe Plle•• i.. i..... A....."c... os

.....d ,IIei, posi,ion 0" 'lie II Feb, ,y Jord... .,ln·Pll.,lLn,... n ...ord. w. found ,b..mote Mu.li", ,..pondenlS ,uppotled ,he Iccord 'h.n Ch'''';.ns. "'hHe ,he Iwo .id.srcjCetcd it by Ihe ..mo pcte,ollg•. The dirr..ence ..·It IhOi • 11'10' Pctceo'"le ofCh,is,i.nt....ho .rc more ...merie.niud ,h.n ,h. Mu"'m•• had no opinion (28.4 percenl of Cbrislian•• ILl per Cen, or MtI,li",s~ A. we .... n, mOre d.cply inlO ,lieqU'1,i on or ,he I,ak be, ...e.n ,he "li.ioa or P... les"n,an Ameri ..... and ,hei, stand on.lte Jo.daoi.o ..."e a,. i, ...ppe... red ,IIal ,he I... '"cy p,ac,;sed re"liollS oboer"ance... Christian. o. MIISh '"0 _re ,".y ..jeeted 'lie .v«.... n•.

If •• Sllldy or ,h. polo'i..1 I";'ud.. or ""lesti .. ,... Ame,;.........d ,IIei.bel"n, on ,h. posi'io.. 0.. tile Husseia·AUrat a,reemen'. i, ... ppears ,II.. more or 'h....who objee, '0 ,akin, 1'''''' in 'be "'merieaa elee,io.. , ,0'"lly ocje.. 'he a.,«monl (S4.Jper e'n' ... g... iIlSt .nd 11.2 per cen' in rlvou.). Thot< wllo vole. ci,her ror 'heRepublle.n, 0' the Demoe,"". a.e morc inelio'd '0 .ecep, it (30 per eOnl fo. Ind 14.2per cen, IB.inst). Thi. i, of eOU'K ,no,h...il" of Ihe .ole of ..,imil.,ion. There'poadentS who "o'ed fOt 'he RepublieaG party .ho,",ed more .upport for ,heIlree...en, (ll.S per ceGI) '"an .he .uppo"er. or ,h. Dc:moc,uie P""y (22.5 pcr e.n'~

11I'...ked .bo"t "'<)tiler ".11« ,10.1 hat to do .i,II ,b. l'O'i,ioG "" '''eJo.danian·Pal."i"i." "t; ,be a"i,,,de "f ""'''''nin Am..icl"" '0 ,hepossibil;ly or tedoe;n, US aid '0 "rael. nd ...100 ,b•••lCa, or ,bei. IIIPPO'1 for ,h.panicipa,io" or ,he So"iel U.ioll in ,he .rrorl '0 sol"e ,II. ""Ietlillin proble ....Respood.nts wllo see a I'O'lib,li,y or ",,,.etin.'". US to ,h......h ,ide tend '0 , .. pportthe a.reemen' (31.S pet cen' fo. aGd 22.9 per cen, IIS;ost). while those who do 00' sec.ny possibili,y or d..win8 ,he US ,oward. 'he A'.'o1 did no, (14.2 pcr .eB' fo. and 59PC' cen, 'Slinte), "'5 fo. 'he pOf"eiplt;oB of ,he USSR. 16.3 per cen, or Ihe,espondenls who support ,he pa,,;cipll;on or .IIe Sovie, UQioQ , .. pport ,h. ~sreelDen',

and ~,I per cea, rejee, it; By co..trast. or 'bose ... ho do nOI IUPpo., ,h. part;cipa"O"of 'he So"iet UniOll. 10.1 pet «Ql ..cep' ;, IOd 39.1 pct I "jec' ;t;

Olher ."ideQce or ,b. _ihoo or lbe ""IUI;niaQ A ;co... D" Jord a i. III.; ••npollIe '0 ,h. quO$,ion or 'he con"el<;l<, 'he l7lh sessioa or 'be Pflle ;" 10 OtlNo".mbe, 22. 1914. Thi. _'0" h;eh it eon.ider.d la iod,ca'o, of ... u;,odes 'o d'"l... ,ion, with Jo,dln. i. ,h. " whleh b.oke ,lie cunel's blek «Jardinl PoICl.illiaBn.,ional unilY. espodlily Ihe unily of ,h. P.I,,,ini.. poli,ical faetioa. 16,5 po< e.n,or ,h. rc$pondontl ",onSly suppo".d ,he eon"eninl of 'he PNC .."ion in Amm.n Ind

-

20.1 por"·hom •

pc, cent rejected it lOlOlIy, .ndin ,heit an,we" th.n womon, of

22 pc< cen, .upponed il mildly, while 41.4Cen' had no idea. Men wcco moco definitecon.ideroblc numbcc hd nO opinion.

Age "0> .uong relotion.hip wilh ,he PO'''IOn adop,cd on 'hc oonvcning of thePNC in Amman: Ihc young people ace ,he ono, who rej..,cd i, vehemeo,ly. Binh plac<and cesideoco be[o,e immigcOlion play '0 impoclOn, cole io perlOnal judgcmen, as Ihc"'011, were '0' g.c" .. ,en, .imil.. to tho,c concerning ,hc Amman ag,een,cnl. Tile«sponden .. who we.. born in Jordan wc.. 'he moo' ;n f.vour of 'hc convcning of IhcPNC io Ammon. They afl; Ihe oaly groop who.. suong 'uppO<l fo, i, was no, Ie",han the <ole of rejee,ion '0 i, (24 pc' ccn') Thi. i. ve,y nOlural bcc,us< i, i,.upposed ,ha, Pale"inion Americon, who wc.. bOlO in Jordan .how mo,c inIC...t inhaving good ,elations wi,h Jordao, and the coo"eoing of ,he PNC in Amm,n i.evidenco of socII. ..I"ion<. Con"",y 10 Iho,. born in Jordan, or who had lived ,hc,e,were ,11.0" who came from Leb.non 'n ,he Uni ..d Sla,e., More ,hao SO pc< eeo, of,hcm were aBain5l the convcninB of ,hc PNC in Amman,

A. 0.001 tho,e who we,e born in h<ocI .nd 'he Occupied Terrilorie. varied In,hei, position. mo« th.n any o,he, irouP of Pal...,iniao., They Ofe the Bronp whichate ..".cted by ,e"eral p3<lie, aceo,ding '0 their .lteng,h .ome,ime. in one direClionand ,ometime, in ,he oppo,ite one.. They rejcct thc "onvenini of 'he PNC mOre thantho,e born in Jordan ond the olh« Arab coun,rics, whilc they accep' i, more th.n,ho'o born in Leb.non. As for ,hose born aod previouoll' re,iden, in the othct Arabeou"1<ie., 'hey ore ,imil.. in mo51 of Ihcir opinion'. nnd "' .uch re,emble ,ho.. bo,nand ,e.ident in Jorda". A. for US-bo,n P.le.. inian" mo.l or Ihem (6~ per cen,) do no,hnve any informntiOn aboul Ihe .ubjecI, .od Ihe«fore hovc no opinion.

Mou of ,ho,e who rejceted the eonvenin~ of ,he PNC in Amman e.me from the,efugce camp" and, ., we have •• id. 'hey adhere '0 Ihei, ,ep.. ,entOliv., Ihe PLO - 'hcincorruptible d«am - whOleve< the price i•. bee.u," i, i. lhe PLO which ilOn,edidenti,y .nd intcg,ity to tho people in 'he e.mp•. Next '0 ,hc inh.bi"n" or the e.mp'in ,hei, stand 'B.in,t ,he "onvcninl of ,he PNC in Amman, oome the inh.bitan" ofIhc ei,i.. nnd then ,ho inhnbi"n" nf the village•. The rUfOl inh.bilanl., Ihe pe.,.n",Ole the m051 eooservotive .nd Iherefore .ecep' whot i, pre,enled de r.c'o e,peciallywhen Iho ".nd do.. directly offee, lheir commerci.1 in,er.. t

Thc mO<l enthu,i."ic .uppnnc.. of ,he conveniog of the PNC in Amm.n ond,he le.st c,i,ienl were Ihe bu,incssmen. whilc wo,ke" .nd the stodcnts ,epr..ented themajori,y of the opponen". In any cnse, nooe of tho.c with whom I lalkcd On Ihe.ubject of ,he convcning of Ihe PNC in Amm.n ,upported it wi,h comple,e enlhu,i..m,Even the ,uppo"e" amibuted i, '0 the eiteumst.ne., whid, forced Ihe PoleSlini,nleade"hip, after ,he elodu, f,om Beiru, nnd ,he expulsion of Arafat from Syri., toeon-ene ,he congrc... Thi, i•• direct evidence or 'he Oltenl of ,en,ilivi'l' or relation,with Jord.n .mong.1I .ec'ors of 'he hle"ini.n people,

When we anoly1Cd the different indieuor> of Americani.. ,io" and ,heir'eln,ion to the po.ition of Pal..tini.o Amerie.n. on Ihe convening or 'he PNC inAmman, we Underllood how Am«ic.ni..tion affee" their pOli,on, Or mo,e .eeurolelyno, taking a po,ilion, on issue. which arc far from thcir IIvcS" Amcrie.n., We round,hnt Ihe less ,he re,pondenll kncw A<>bic, Ihe mote likely they werc 10 .nSwer 'noopinion', .boutthe convening of the eongre", 12.2 per cen, of ,he te.ponden" whohad m..lered the Arabic I.nguage .nswCled '00 opinion', while or Iho.. who do nolknow any Ar.bie 87.4 per cenl h.ve nO opinion, I' w...1.0 nOled that ,he gre.ter ,hcknowledge of Ar'bie, ,he more Ihe .upport for ,he convening or ,he PNC. Theknuwlcdge of Arabic i, an indicntor of pan-Ar.b n"ioMli.m on the ooe hond aod or'eoo,ervuism' on tile o,her AI we know, ,he laek of knOwledge nr Arabic doc, notle~d to .n increa.e in th~ numbe.. of tho.e who reject the eonveniog of Ihe PNC inAmman, bn' in Ihe number of ,hOle ",ho h..e '00 opinion'. h allo .ppeared ,hat Ihere,pondan" who ,pe.k only Enilish do nO' support or objecl '0 the convening or ,hePNC in Amma", and most or Ihem {9J.7 pc, cent) have no opinion. Thi. is evidencc ofg.cOl ...imil.,ion: ,heir totol remo'enCO' from Palestinian evanU.

If we eon,idel 'he way whien ,he Pale>!ini'n Ama,ie.n prefe" '0 r.isa hischildren and hi, "and nn the PNC in Amm.n, it nppa." thal n.s POT cent or tho.c

..w~o p,.F., ,he AmOf;""o ",Ie GbJ«1 '0 ,he coo,co,oS "r ,b. PNC In Amm3D., and 1i.4PC' cen, h,. n" opinion Meuwhile. 4;.7 pe, .Ult of ,b".. who wanled to hI;'" up,hei, Children accord ins '0 ",ob cultor...jl:c,ed n ...d 6.4 per cenl h.ve no opioioo.The people "'ko h.ve re,erv.r;on. about both kind. or eduction on the b.sis ,h'l lhe"'m<ric.n "'.\' conlr.dic!I Ar>b norm, and ... tue,. and the Anb .... y i. b.ckwud ",emouly From ,he enlightened intdlec,u,l. ~nd rel.tively independent ,n their th,nkina.45.S per OUt of the •• pcopl. ,.jc., ,he oon ••nina of lhc PNC,

92 pcr cenl of .hos< whO do nol follow ,h. nc"-, aboul hleuine at all, aod ,..nouc ••lully more Americanlud, ••p......d no opinion .bou, the convcninl or tbe PNC'0 Amman...h,le aboo, SCI per cent or ,h".. "'''0 p",""c Pale.,;" .." ne"', 0" ~ «,,,lor!MIsis, nd :1,1 pet ee", o( ,bDK wbo ,~~e u ,n,cre" in ""le>linin oe~ wcre "'0'011boldia, ,be PNC ,be,e

Tbe Pslc.,ia,u Ame"....., wbo ,"owed a desi,. '0 Inve ,"e US ~ad «'ora '0,be" bOlDClond wbeo 'he proble,," " sohed sbowed leS$ S..ppoll ro. ,he coa.....i., o(,he PNe ill AIII..... a ,1100 ,how ",,1>0 do no, ....11' 10 .ela.a 0' w"" do a," ""ve • dcarIdea abo.. , i, TIle majority o( reSpoadenl. esp.essed their .udineS$ 'n re,..", ir Ihiswas possible. bu, ""e ho.e •• ,pieina. abou, Ihis We b:Iosc OUt do"b.. oa pe",,,nlox.,.,,,e.ees _e had wi,h ,bem io LSI~,n, '0 ,hem and Oa 'he .is". ,hey made bome~bay of ,helll hod Oen, ",i,ed I..ael and ,he Occupied Terri,o.ie, allhou,b theyCOtty Amerieon ei'iz.on.hip and they Can vi,i, whe"e.er 'bcy "In,. It should be no'cd,hD' the lu,e pc.cen...e or p,lestini"" Ametiean, "'ho esprelSed ,hei, de,ire '0 relUrnUe no, in a .""d ceonomie and ,0ci,1 ,,'u.. ion in 'he United S'.'e,.

So rOt "'e hH'c talked ~bOUl 'hc ""i'"de' or P,lestinl ... Amcrico", ro"'",ds rhedirreren' tlSU," <cIa' in, '0 I". po,i,ion or Jordan on '"e P.lestini.n cause .nd on theP.re"i .. ,an,. Now we ",·HI dcal .... 'h 'he po""on Or thc supportera or ,hc dirrcrcn,Pale"in..n roc,ion, on ,he reb'ion,hip ... i,b Jord,n '0 .cc whuher tb.ir position.come into line .. i,h ,bose of 'he orl.niu'iOnl ",bieb 'bcy suppor" O. ,r 'he POSIt,POSo( 'he orpniu,ions ... ,n bar",oa~ ,.j,h 'he alpirS'iO.... of ,bcir .opporters.

A' is k"o_", ,bcrc is .0 ,,~ble II'Oliey or tbe PlO ,owards Jordan and ,owards......a) Arab ud Olher COU"lttc. II quiekl) "'O'es r.olll ,o,al cllmi,) '0 '0111 ~lIiallte

Thc luppOrte," o( 'be oHieial lcadcnhip 01 'he PlO uploi. i, .. rcwce,ablc(Juibili'y w~icb ...... y be adjll"ed '0 ,he cond,lto... o( s"uUle 10 wbieb 'bePalellinian revolu,ion ltv.. while 'be s"pll'O"e.. or 'he oppos,lion dClCtibe il ascounship wi,b 'he ri,h, ond ,be Arab ..De,iona".,.. The stady sho_s ,har mos' of ,here.pond.n" 'end '0 rCF~' ....bli,hio, .pceial rciario.., .-i,b Jord.", and as wc ba"laid, abou' 20 pcr ee", of ,be'" lapponed fedeta'ian Or o>onr.dcruion be'",..n 'hePalestinia., Ind Jordan, whire aboo, SJ PC' cen, o( 'hem .uPPOrted rel ..ian, wi,bJordln like norm.l .~ll!ion, .... ,Ih any iodepcnd~n, st"e. Abou' fir'een pcr ee"' or 'hcresponden" objeCled to ellllliishiat any rorm of rel.tion, wi,h 'he Jord.niu fOlime.,nd 'hi, reneOll 'hc .i.e or ,he lIP creoted be''''een P.Ie.. ini .... ud Jordan o.er 'hc)·c ....

The ...ppo"e.. o( A•• roT were 'he mast en,hu,iaslie al>ou, e"lbli.hi", ,pecillrelU;oos .. i'h Jordu, Ind 'bey wcre oompl..ely dirrerell' hom Olher "auI'" in ,b,sAIIGu, 61 pcr cent of A..flt lupporte," supported ....blishill' special rcl.. ions. whileII pCr eU' af saplXI"ers of 'he Islarnic ",a"emeolS accep'ed i, wbich i.s I ,iulbl.pc,...,,,,a•• , bu' looks 111I111 tI. ,c1uioa '0 ,he ,uPIl'O"e.. o( Arahl. (ni. lIudy 100l<place ia 'he berilloio. Or 1916 whell 'be reluio ...h,p be,wcell Ihe leade..hip of ,bePLO aad the Jo,duiaa ...i.... wa. tood.' This ..(lce.. Ibe eOaSCUlli.e ""arc o( lb.saPl'O"e.. of tbe Islamic 1II0Ve"'UI and liso " c1lrifies ,be ..,u' of the ,pee,.tnt:1.. io ... be,w..o '~e Jordlnlln .e,ime ud Ihe reli.ious parti.... espcclally .he MuH",Bro,he,bood,

AS ror ,be ,0plI'O"e.. or ,he lef,. 'hey It. ,he mos, ....dfast ,n ,e,.e'ial .bl!kind o( relalioo. wilb Jordan becausc o( Ibe ,deolo.io.l aad behl~iou..1 tap belw.enthe 'wo .ides. Tbey rend '0 iosi" 00 rel.. ion...i,h Jordan II wi,h any o,h..independenr eo"ntry. Al'o 'he suppo.'er. of ,he Ler, COn"iIU'. ,h. mljori,y or ,bOJ<who do nat w,n' .ny rel..;on, .. i,b J",d.n Tbe ,.,pondenu .mont H,b..h ,upporte..constitute 31 pcr cen, of rh.m whilc Aur.. suppo.rcrs m,ke up rir,ecn pcr cenl. T~il

re~..ls '~e di....i.hc'ion o( some of ~i, ,,,ppo"e" wir~ ,h~ policy of r"pprocheme",

..witll Jo.d1l0 alld I~'" .ha, Iwo 0' three yutl c>f 'coo,diutio,,' be,..... the ,....id<sn. 1101 wipe 00' 1001 run of f,,1I';0...

n. H pcr «0' or ,he n:sPOOdcDlS who hive 00 0plaia••0."d'01 ..h;~ho.p.o'''''''oo to IIIPPO" 11100 hi... 00 01';11'00 coIICC'O;OI ,elnio". with lo.d..... Theyarc ..cry AlIl..ino;ud ... 11 do no. kilO" mOlt. "boo' ,be dirf.rent l'alc'lIo;an f"c,ion,Or aboot the relationl wi,II JordaD. Also aboll' 2~ pcr CCII' of Ibou. who hive 00opinioo coalento•••1uionl wilb la.dn ... Atar., support.n. They bc,;IIlO 10 take11 particular position due to lh.....iability of Anh,'s rclatioM wilh lOflln... 11cooliderablc pat, of hil 'lIppa'l.," canool decide 110 uy form of ,clltion.hip ",hiehthey would apply '0 Jordao

The breakdown of Araru', ,up!>One" i••, follow<: aboul H por oonl w.ntedIPecial relation, with Jord~o. 33.7 pcr ecol w.nted onl~ diplomatic rel~tiOI>S as wilh~o~ olh.r reaim•.•ilhl por ••01 do 00' wan, Iny form or rclOlinO! .od ,),3 pcr oeolh.vo DO opio;oo. AI (or H.b~lh suppO"orl. S.4 p.r coni lupp"'l special r.lllloM wilhJordao. whil. 6S pef cenl of lhcm support felolionl wilh il as aD indcpoodeol .,ale.21,. per C.Ol rejCClcd uy fo.m of ..131;00., .nd Ihc ren 10..0 00 opinion. Of lhc.uppo"o., of lbo 1II1mic movemeot, fifteeo pe. c.o' of th.". lupl'Otlcd ••pee;.Lfedcral Or coIIF.delll 'el.'ionship wilb iI, while n.s pel cool dem.u.ded ..1.lion. wilhJo,d.n a. an ind.pendonl SIll., 11.S por cool do OOIIUPI'O" any fcliliol''' and lbe rcslhavo no op;o;o....

Suppo.l.r. of the d,fferenl Paleslioian flCliGnl .m"n. PaLcJ.tilliao A..e.iean•.,ere di.. id.d over .bc q"estioo of lbe "".veni•• of lbe Illesl PNC leSIio.. in A.....a.'noe seU;OIl diffe••d i. q".lity rr" .. Ikc 16110 PNC ....in.. wbich wal beld i.. Al.cria.rt., Ihe nod•• of lbe ""leslinin ''''SlIO« fr.... Bolttll '0 19.2. n. Iatesl IOU""calli<: .f,er • hi. Split ;0 lb. flat. of Ibe Fatlb ""'.......o\" lb. L•••••' Pala';.;ufle'ion, and a .pl;' wilbi. ,b. PLO u .,.11. Thc coo'-o.io. GF .ho "NC in A.......ilself w;Il'OOI OOaD'''OOI nt by.n Plles,i.ian het;o as h.d uiued bofor.,add.d fOfther ...""•• for lhc eonHi.t wilh,. lhc .. lO noh••od ,0 lbe lIok. of .bePale"i.i•• poopl. i••en.nl.

As Ih.r. WII division .moollb. d;ffereol seclOrs of lb. Pal.ltiGi.n peOple OvcrSUPl'Orl for ...d objoe'iGns to .he PNC senioo, "" thore .... divili"" ....00. lh.P.Le"i.iao eommuoily in Ihc US i.cludi". lh. sUPI'O""s or tho dirr...n, P.leuini""h.,ion.. I' eamC out, .od thi, i, v•• y oltunl, lha, ,h. Lar••1t p..c.o.... nF.unpo".rs for Ih. coov.oinl of Ih. PNC in Amman , .. A,afal lupl'Orters. hu' noclhor group .uppcn.d h. Although Ih. A,!b lib~'ation F,o"l. which i•• ffil;atedwl1h Iraq, "uppo".d A,afal il> hi. ".1', lhil o'aaninl,on do•• nol h.v~ .ny ,upPOrter•• moo. thc Pal.II,nian Am.rican, io 110. UOil~d 51!'.'. II WI> not.d lisa that. Jarlope.ceot••e (.bout SO per conti of .bllOe who suppor,ed .he convenina of lbe PNC inAmman only With r....vat'oo ,. A,.rll SUPl'Otlors- Thi, shows ,hat. lUI.I)I;rcenll•• of hi' '''PI'O''.'' h••llant '0 judi. thi, .vonl. This I'oup h.ld tba,110. p,ice of concolo. lb. PNC .... vC" hilh boc.u•• the ,••ul' killed .11 hope ofuhievin. unily ._". ,b. P.I..I''';'o ractio... fa•• 1001 'i",., bul .lso Ih.y "'or. no,,Ure Iha, ,h. Jo,d.ni.n ••Ii .... cooLd Ilr.. '0 ""m.thi•• which would ultimately be inthe ;n.o,est of ,he Pal..tioians- AI"" ,h... was • colsid...bl. po,cent'le ,.boatsevent I)I;f "",) w,"o doobted Ihe _000.. of COIYen,ol 'bo PNC , .. Am bOIfinny ,ood wi,,, it: tb... were .11I001 the SUPllOrte.. GI' .he blllo,c "",v caLThoy feU 0 ..eo""f0<1.b10 lbo•• bol•• ;dn,ined wi,h .he left wi .., O. bci ... lI,ietly•• li.ious-

Th. '''l'Ood..." ..... di.icled, a..o.di•••0 ou, stody, as follows: A••rllsuPPO"o" (42..1 PC' ee"') wore .lfOOll, in flYOOf of .ho cOD.o.inl of the P!'IC, 31.2PC' co ... mildl,. J.9 PO' ..n' II.inSiand L5_. por CCOI h.d no "",nioD As fGr H.bllh,uPI'O"ors. 4.L I)I;f COnt ,ul'l"'''.d ;1 ."oolly, 9.6 per ceol mildly, 71.1 PO' cemt ... i ...Ind • .2 pet con, had 00 ""inion. Flnilly, '.Iardi.s ,upl'Orle.. of thc [s[l",icrnov....nl<, 5 pe, cen, SuoOII, ,uPl'Otl.d th. cool'.'S, 2S p., cenl mildly, 45 pcr ee.1were Igaln.l Ind H per cenl b.d no opinioo. In ,efe,ence 10 Ihe lau.., il m.y bonOI.d th•• u.uall, I Ilrle pe,••n'.g. of suPPorle.. of ,h. hlami. mOV.m.nll do no,bother to a .. ,wcr specific polil,cal qU.llionl which ... outlido Ih. ci,cl. of lh.i,cOorem" Th<~ con,ider 'hem 'Iriflinl leeula' rhingl',

EVIIVlItjgp

Study,m. lbe Ilud litem by lhe Atlbl im .eme""l. lbe I'llell;miln.. aDd inpa't;eul.' 'hc 1'11.",in;,,, AmOTi ..."•• 10Wll,d, ,he ,wo lup«pO".,,, lhe United SlUe>Ind lbc So~ic' Union. i, ~c'y ,ml>O""nl beCIU.., il mlY be con.id"cd I Ii." of thc.... y thl i. bcinl laken or will be liken by lhe ATlb.'! ia dorin;nllhe eondilion, ODdthe forms of lhei, fUlU« develop",..... II i, dillinelive in 'he «lllion,bip of ,be Atlbpeople and .Ome of Ihe Bove,omen,s, to Ihe US Ind ,he Sovie' Union lh.t 'heir,elation, wilh Ihc ... te 'hey conoidcr ,he" .lly, ,he USSR, .,e nol IGOd, whilerel.tion, arc v..y load wi,h ,beir 'fi.. , enemy', lhe USA. Thi, i, ,imply c~plain.d inlhe IiShl of lhe '"lime, and ,hoi, inte,esl. but ~e,y odd in the people. Tbe per"'n whodemonSl,.ln al.inl' lhe US Ind i, bldly burt II ...,ull, i, the ume t'Cuon whndrnm. of loinl to 'be US in o,del 10 study 0' ""O,k EvcTy,hi"l A",.<lu" i, aood formost of 'be A,'bs CIcep, fo, ill Iland an ,h. A,ab-lJ"eH Cilanic,- Everylhio.ea"..,n,nl ,h. Savi., Uoio" i. nca.,;ve, CIcep' {o, ilS st."d on lb. um. f1u ... ian

Th. Un,led Sllt<l i. an ,cli~. "."",a' in lb. Mjddl. E.u. whe,. it hu. 101ofinnue.... thrau,h m,IIl.ry 1>1.... ecanomic inte<ell$, and edue.tionll Cil..".Clio.... TbcUS hll • I", of fr;eads bn' .lso I lot "r ."."',•• ,. lb. un II c"ouide.. Ih. Middl.Els, 'n .,eI of I\,uc.ie in'c'nt Th. A..bs. wbnber fri.nd. 0' .n.... i.. of 'h.U.".d S,...s, con.ider " prI"""ily 'eSpO"»ble for bTicii beh.vi"", .pinS! lh......od,h. CO"liOBUio" of I eli ocC\lpa,ion of ,b." I.nd Pal."iollo Americaa, u. fuedwi'h ,bi, p,oblem , iou.ly ben".. 'h.) fccl a <:ool<1di.,iell> be,"'cca the"belona;o. to ,II." n.w "otry ."d in bOUll. ac,i,,') '1lInlt lh....tio••1 ,ilh" ofthd, ~""le H.,. lh. 'ouuion bec<>1n." ~e.y hard bea"", .he 1II0re Amer;e......4 'hcper..." becom., the 1.11 h. i. can«,ned wi'h ,b' 1'.1..,i"i.n ".,ioOliI iD'e..". Thi, i.not .pplic.ble '0 ,be Jewi.h communil)" ;0 'be US becau.. ,bcr. i, 00 contrldictionb.,wceo belonlinllel Am.,ia ond 10y.lIy 10 1....1 Th. mO" lbe J.w;,h Amerie.o.upOO'" Amer,el lhe more h. 'uppa,.. h,".I. 11I4 ~ice ..,n.

1, il imlXlrtan, to .,ud~ Ibc ".nd ar p.le.lioian Amerie.n, ,oward, 'he US .ndiu policy in 'he Middle East aod ,a rollow up ,h. inrtuon« or the dirferen, .ocill.. ri.bl.$. p.rticullrly ...imiluion in,o lh. Ameri•• n socie'y. on ,h••• Ilti'ude, Wo.umine ,b....,mud•• IhcoulIh P.le";nlan American opinio" on Ibre. lopie", ,heex'en' or ,he l>O..ti~i'y Or 'he nel"i.i,y of US policy 'award. ,h. Middle E.'l cri,i,:,he pQllibili,~ ,h., America milh' «duee ;11 lid '0 l<rael; ... ha, should 'he ""b, do,be mOre rri.ndly or more hOSlile ",it" ,h. US 0' "'bU! Then we dlscu.. 'h. lIand orth. ,uppo",,, of the diUer.nt hClion. of ,b. PLO 00 th••• m.ll.rL

Sin« Ih••".bli.hmen, <If Ihe SII'. elr lI",el ia 1911. Ame,ican·h..di ,da,io",hlY. developed """lively. euep' ro, ,b. pcriotllf.. , .h. Sue~ WI' in 19)6... I .c,ullof the Enlli,h, F••n.h, .od I".eli 'fiplrr;,. '11'''';00 .pinll EUp, Thi. ,••"h.d ;ndiscord belwcco Atot,i...o and 11"".11 poli.y becan•• of some: AIII.,iao-Brili,hconni.... TI>e lj)C.i.1 ,cluioo'hip belw.... lu••l and th. UO;ted S,"" .oo,i ..u.d tod.~clop. IJI.tlical.,ly .f,c. lh. Jao. 1967 war O,Iler d ......11 lite, i"c,e..ed 'his,clU;O"'h'p: eo"houial A.... " _e.k"Ul; the no'" Alller,cao poli.y Ifter 'h. Vie.nallld.bacle '0 'localizc' Ih. co"n;.r; 'he ."lIaPM of ,h. Shlb'. ,••illl. io l.lln; ud ,h. oewE.yplian ""liey Ifter ellllp Dlyid.

I, leun. ,hit 'h••ped.l relllioo.hip bel."" .h. US .od Iltul will coo,inue 10be '''00•• ' ,Ilan 00. lIIilh' ,hi"k. It is 00' • ,.,,,1, of Zi"o;" flr'''B•• on theAmeric.n l••d.rsh,p, lod could be .h,olCd ,n lhe e~.a' lhll '"e Arabi become ..... reor lh. kOlek of i"n"eo.i", 'he Ameri.ln mi04. The Zioai" influence 0.. Amc.ianpoli.y i. described by Paul Fiodley.' We belie•• tbll 1. lhrabi........Ireh p,of.ssoT U'h. (;cO'I.,own Un;~.rsi'y Cen.e, fo' COnlCml>Orlt~ Arab Siudie•• is .eltt«l in ,oyin.,hat ·unl... an o~.'wh.lmiol forc....ajeur. tak., hold in ,h. A,ab World, "'b;eh i.mo,t unlik.ly, lh. eon'inuation of Ihe .peclll .el~'ionship w.lI in,o ,he fo,.ecablerulu'e ror m.n~ of tne ume rc ••on, 'hal h.lp.d it develOp .nd mllu" ;n lh. I.st fo~'

dec.de" iJ Hkol~, Fi.. '••monl ,h." reason, i, ,he r.ilure or ,h. Ar.b world to

•

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in differen, pan, of ,he world. Th" demoo",ue, the sren lap ho,woon ,hc opinionof ,hc Palcstinian, and the policy pa"aed by most of ,he Arab reg;m., ,oword, theUnited Sta,...

Since the vall majori,y of ,he Pal."inion American. ,ee American policy in theMiddle Eo" a, neilOl;ve. we doeided '0 disea" only Ihe way, in WhichAme,ieani..,inn inrloenee, 'hei, .. ,nd on American poliO}' beeao,e ,hcre ;. alm01l noinfl.enee frnm ,h. o,h.r .oeiol f.eto ... Thcre i, no difference between ,he $loden,.,he wo'ker. Ihe emplo~ee Or ony o,he" eone<tning ,his potiey.

Aroond 95 per cen, of the ...ponden's who ,peak Arabie well an,wcred thal 'hepolicy of ,he US ,owJ<d, the Middle Eastern <JO'e i. neg.tive. 30 per eenl of ,ho..who do nof know Aubie ., all S.vc ,he same ,n.,,'Cf. or tho,e whe ,peak Arobie,oroond three per cenl .aid Iha, i, i. a nentr.1 peliey. and around 47 per cen, ef thesewhe do net ~new Atabie save ,he 'arne a..w<t. Only one p<t cent of tho.. whe knewAr.bie an,wered thal they do ne, have any epinion ood 20 per ccn, of tho.. who donot know A,abi~ g.ve the '3me 'n'Wor.

Me" light may be 'hed on ,he influence of u.imliOlioo on ,he alti,ude loward,,\mer;e•• polie~ io 'he Middle E.st and ,he l~nguage Ihe P.l.,lini.n Amerie3n a'..,when diseo.. ing lI,o,e who know Ar3bie, 90 pe, een' of the r..ponde." who osedmiud A'abie .nd Engli,h ,eilard Amerie.n policy .. nesuive. The ,ignifie.ntdifference in ,".lu3linl Amotic." pOliey may be sec" amons lhose who do not U'eArabi••, .11: eilhlCe" per cen, or tn.,c people ,.,ponded 'h., ,ne pol;ey of lbc US i.neS'live. wbile 64 per cen' $Oid i, i, neutrol. which ;, • etc" evidence Ihal''''milarioo into Am.. ican ,oe;et, ,end, ,e improve ,beir opinion of US poliq' in 'heM'ddle E.".

Furth.. evidence of ."imila,ion i, ,he "alion.lilY of friend, ,hn, ther.,ponden' profe," Only 3S pc' cent of tho,e who prefer '0 h.ve American friend.,n,"-'cred ,h.t American policy i. negal,ve, while 53 ocr cent of 'hem describe<l il OS

neutr.L A .l~.,ble propo,,;on (9S pe< cent) of tho.. who profer '0 hHe Anb f,iend,described tne Amedcan policy a. being neg.live and only 'we p<r cen, d.,cribed il "'neutral. Tne "lation,hip bel ween ,ne .";'ude of Ine Palestini.n Americ•• ,ow.rd,Anterican policy in the Middle E..I and 'he way he dC$ire, to bring op h;, children i•• 1$0' ,iiln of lhe errect of ."imil"ion inte American .«iety: only ~a per cen, of 'he.. 'pendcn" who prefer '0 brins ,heir cnild'en op in Ihe Americ.o w.y ,.id thOi tn.Amerie.n policy i. negative, and 53 pe, cen, .. id it i, ncull.1 whe.... 94 per cen, Oftho," who prof.ned lne A,.b w., ,.id tna, American poiicy i, negative.

Tho.. who follow Pale"inian new, ,.nd '0 evaloue American peliey iu Ih.Middle E." n nega,ive ,e a g..ater eXlen, tn.n ,hO!ie who do not The re.ul" show,hOI the Ie.. lhe "'Pondentl followed the new. the I... ,hey objected 10 AmericanpOlicy, .nd consider i, neu,ral but hardly posi'ive. Thc number of ,ho,e who h.e noopinion i. gre.'...

94 p.. cen' ef ,no.. who would like '0 return when ,he P.lellinian problem i,,olved 'end 10 d..eribe Americon policy in ,he Middle En, as beinS negative, whiletwO per cen, said it i, neurral, 6S per cent of those who would nOI reruTO an,wered,hal ,he policy i. nesuive .nd 20 per cen, •• id i, i, neutral.

Po"jbiljtje, of Ch.nge

We move from ,he w.y 'he P.le"ioi.n Amcrie.", describe American policy inthe Middle Ea" to their .nlieip..ion of lhe falure ef thi, Dolicy and ,he po"ibilitythat ,he US migh, reduce it> ,ot.l .UDPOr' for [.... I, In f'et ,here is 1I. belief in thepossibili,y of cnanging Amerie.n policy .nd making it elo.. , 10 the Arab•.

Mo't Arab political movemenl., includiol the PLO, operale now on the bas;,rhOl there ;, • po,,;bility of 'winning' Ame,ie. to the A..b ,idc. Thi. ide. ex;,Uamons a ,i...blc prnportion of the Pa[e"inian Amer;..n popolalioo, partieul.r1y lhein,elleclu.I •. "Taking" America frum [sroet i,. malter of "me.. The Arab. ncod bettertacti..., mO'e knowl~dl. and unde"'.nding of ,he American m;nd.' Edward Soid ....,h., lhere i, ao"ther "end of "pinion in ,he Uni,ed StOI.. fovourins 'he i.tereS! nf

--

'he A,ab all""; n il ..eak !la, bold aDd be ,;'n "" e..mp[e I.f ,b,ee ,ftlelltt,ul"mC,iCl.D' "'ho challe",e 'he dominao, lrelld 'hal ,uppo,,, I"od 10 ,he US

~Icuioiu A",cr~Il' who .ce 'he 'ul i"nlleD« oIlh. Zio"i,,, I. the US ••dbo" ","ch "",..icu leaderl have iuatcd i. I"acl. p'o....bly IJ' mo,e eonviDe.d thaDtbe .." of the Anb! Iftd Ihe olh.. hl.... ,in'lftl thl' i' is .Imot' impo..ihle thl, ,he USshould ehl"ac in POhey 'owHdt l<rlct, ThoS<' who ore con"nccd or 'he POssibili'y ofeh,,,,in, US policy 'ow.,d, [...d do 001 ••p.... ,h. ,ealilY of whn 'hey lICe lbo'",he US Ind ill "rDn. "ll,ion. wi'h [""d. b'" ,r, ."f1u."ccd by A"b polieiC! ",..",d.'h' US Ind by ,h. bchu;ou, Df ,h. oHiei.1 I..d."hip of 'he PLQ.

W. InllYlCd ,he ..I.,ia..hip Df 'hi, ~i.", (,hu ,h. US mi.h' ..du.. illf,i.nd.hip "'i'h 1,,"<11 'a 'he diHcre'" loeisl ,·arilble. Iman. 'h. Pal."ini.n"morican,. The majori'y Df 'he responde"" (66 po, .Ont) bolie", 'hll 'he US olnnateh.a~o its .p.oill ..I.,ian.hip wi'h ["••1 Men VlerC moro .peoifi. ,han rho WOmon in'hcir ..n,w.". whether 'V,,· Dr ·No·, The rl" of "omon who .n.w.red with noopinioo (18 per CCnl) wn hilbef Ih.n ,h., of ,ho mon, It wI, Clo3< thU Iho ~'ounl<r

'he "ie of Iho .. ,ponden" 'he I." h. beli,~C5 ;n ,hi. """ibili'y. 7] pcr «nl of 'ho...pondonn under 40 uid 'hi' ,h. US .anno, reduce its lid '0 [".d, .. hil. 4S po< """Iof 'ho.e who ... o~e, ~O ,.~e 'he '"_ .n...."

The pl.ce D( birlh and plocc of ":Iid~"ce of Ihe Pale"''''," Am."..." beforeemil.. tin, 'n 'h. US i. aDO of th~ ....." inn".",ill .1,,,,o,,,, "' ddiniol h;1 opi"ion inIhe PDliti""! ~U"""00' concern.nl ,h. PalUho,u ""as<. io.ludinl ,b. posoibiht) ,h..•b. US mial>1 redu•• 111 ..Iolion. wi,b 1,,".1 t, .... elea. ,h.. most ''''penldull ... ho..jcct~d 'bi, were ,hose bo... ia Lebaaon a, bo re"dcd ,I>ere be(ore "'''I.I'ial-Aim.." ia equII p,nPDtlloa '0 .be Lohuue·ben ho ,ejc~l.d lb. idca, were 110......100'e"'ded io t.rad (,he "rab! c( 19U1 befo.e .hey ellli,ralOd '0 'he US The LebaD''''·be'" PII,,,,o;an. were ,h. lftOIt poli,ioaUy oppot.ed '0 'h. liS be... "S<' or ,he po... r ofthe po'iha' 1II0......ne Ih~'e. a,," be."u"" of the p,eS<'oee of hle"iaian O'luiulion.(0' I 100' pcrlod ThOU who r",id.d ,n Israel .ejcCled ,b~ idea i" b'le "u",bo,. duc,n 'b." elMO Icqulintlnce .. i,h ,b. «,cn' or ,h••trD", •• Ia,ion, b.''''-ce" 1....1 and,h. US.

The G.lf·born wo.. ,he mo" op'imi11ie ,ha, ,h. US milh, redu,. m ."ppo"fo' ,,,.01. follow~d by tho.. horn in JD,dl". Iftd ,ho.. ho,n 'n ,h. Occupi.dT.""ori~" Hair of ,n, 'C1-pendoo" .mO"1 ,h. US·bo'" ,n".·...d wi'h no Op,n,DR DnIh~ .ubjoo'. The hOIl eou"tri.. of the Pol.",,,;,,,. h.~•• b;a ;"f1u.o.. D" defining,h.i, DpiniDn. Dn the diff..cn. co.OS <oo"ccled wtlh .he Pole"i,,;.n problem

Eduoation .1'0 inrluen.o. ,hi, ,ubjotl bUI '0 • 10"", dOl,ee ,hln 'he 1'1.« ofbi"h and the ploce Df ... idonee before immisrUio" The illi,«... rUPDnden" .... reIho mljo.ity of tllos< who •• id 'ho< ,lie US miah' reduce i" support '0 llr••1 Thounderlrldull. ""I".roi'y "ud... " w,.. 'he le.., '0 beliovo IG Graduues ..e.. di~idcd

'0'0 '''0 .qual pitts oonce,oi", 'he P01<ibililY 0' ,he imPOSOibilily 'hit 'he US mi,h,.educe in 'UPPOrl fo' lirael

Th. p,of...;on of ,h. hlc.olioian A",.. iean iDrlueo""d hi. OpiDiol Da ,hi •... bje.1: ,h. "",jo.i'y of wo.k.......0"1 'he ,etpoodeD" Slid that i' Wli i",pouible 'hit,h. US milb' redu.. ;" lopport '01,,"01, (olto ...ed by ,he ",odcntl, and lu, ..... ,hobu.iocssmen l1\l;OlII. hod I .illlil.. influence Thos. __hose ,.,.1\011 'Ol;O!IIe IS bclwCCOS20.000 .nd S29.000 Ite 'be m,nDri,y of re.po"d'D" wbo would capcCl ,h,del"io.'tioo of ""'''<-Io·b,ocli r<lllion. ,n ( ..ou. 01 .". Arab!. Tb_ ...,,_10n,,"1 inca"'" it .ore Ihon SO,OOO dollan Ire 'he [u,n' ,.oup 'bal w""ld Upecl il.0"11 ~2 PC' ou, of ,h.", o",w d 'bll i' i. i",posaible Cbo, ch. US "'D"ld reduce i",uppo" to IUI.l. while 10 pcr , ar ,he fi .. , l'ouP pv. ,h. sam. an.w.r

Th. o,h•• i",portln' iuna.nce IfIC. place of hirth .od p.uiou. telid.uec i.relilion. wh'ch il 'Ito a". of Ibo .iln, of ...irnill',on in Am.ricao _iely. A.k.dlhou' 'he likelihood 'ho' ,he US would tedu.. ," 'upport fo' I"u!. the MU!llim.e.po"denl. " ••e Ie.. cD"fidcn, in ,h. US ,hln ,h. Christil"1. BOlh Mu.lim. IndCh.;',;.ns trust ,he US 10 I 'Dn.ide.abl. ealene (32 per CCnt of MUllim., 4~ per ••n' DfChr;";lnl), Nine"." PC' cc", Df 'ho Ch.illi,,, ,"spendenl. a"d .e'Co PC' .ent of 'heMu,lim, hove "" op;nioo,

..The Ic1I ,d'ltO•• the P~le'lli~J" ""CI;ClIll is. the less lie upeclJ clinic ill US

policy !l....ntl Is.~d ThOK who belon. to lib",;. 'eli.io..s Plrll do 1101 u" U7pcmibili'y of it and co.... ider !l.aeli·A=.;e;u 'cl.tia.... II Ch.;" ·J... i"" aUi.llcedi'e<:It'd lI.a;ou 1.1..... Otdillary bcl;cwcr. accep' lha, i. ",j,b. bc lKIS.Iiblc 10 n"",c a1111 betweem "'mefl.a alld Israel. if 'he Arab and Muslim IcadcrslllP'l bcu.cd """c',cuonsbly' alld uni.ed la pUI p....,,,. on America.

Two pollllC1l1 india.ors "Cr. II••" 10 .how their ,clenn•• 10 Ille Am.,i ••""ond 'o..ard. 10,,01; lhe op,nlons of 'he "Io."nilo "mericall' .0....". 'l1.1l1dilll theUSSR '" .rfo". to achic¥c a puc<flll KIII.meM in rhe Middle Eas•• and thcltOI';,ude. low.rds Ihe "ohlin' ..,llIlion of ,h. '.'c$lillian ....... W. dilcllssed Ihes.two upccn in terml of .hei, ,c1>lion,h,p 10 .he vi .... af the pouibility that 'he USmiShl reduce it. !UPPOrl ror Israel in order '0 lee who h,d definite viewl eoncern,n!lhe partic,pal,on or lhe USSR ,n pc... errOIlI, ond whe'her ther. is • connectionbe''''e.n Iheir opinionl aboUI 'he Soviel Union and abou' US polky in the Middle Ea".... 1>0 we looked., .. tj,udel ,owardl' Puccfulsolut,on, compared with ,he vie ... of USIK'lky_

The h'lher ,he rate amoal 'he Pllut.n,.n Amerieao. io IUPport of Sovie'panieip",ioo. ,he lo,",e, 'he rate in fa-au, of delKnd.nl on the US 77 IKr een' of 'here'pOnden.....ho IUPport the Soviet plrtfCipl,ion ,,,anl'Y hve 00 doohl fha, ,be US,.-ill remain I ."onl ally of ['r1IeL 70 IKr ceOl of thox who 'IIPpott ,he USpaflicipuioa relllctully feel the ~me Ind 51 PC' ceol do nOt IIIPpOtl 50"ietpart.. i"""o... bllt Ite .o,e that A..... ica will 'etnun. friend "f I,",el

[, bee.me clear tha' the leu 'he re,pond.., beheved ia I POti'ical ..,lll'ion" 'b.Ie.. <""fidern he i' in the US a .... in ,be llOUibihty of aIIininl ill ,cluioo, wi,. lsrulIhit i' nO< '''Ule bee'II'" m"" of the hlutinia... who belie"e ill .he POli,ic.l",[u,;"... thi.k thU thi. ",lo,;"n c.n"ot like pl.ce ncep. w,th .h. h.lp of 'ho us.Ihey beli.v••h.. the 1IIOr. neutral the US .. be,ween 'he A,ab, .nd tbc hracli•••h.<IIorc a solutioa mi.ht be pouibl. ud Jail

Ilt'b.u To Po

We nked .he Palesl,,,ian Am.rk.n. hO,,' they lhou,h' ..... 1>1 and Pales'inil'".hould beh,ve ,ow~rdl 'he US eoncerniol ill policy.

In lhe Arab Wo'id. opioio01 dirr.r a. '0 100'" '0 de.1 ... 1110 'he bi •• Of ,he US.Thi. dirroren,i~,ion it cle.r io 'he bch.~io"r of friendly Ar"b ,e,imel .ow~rd. 'he US.od '0 ,h. beh.v;o.. , of 'he Arob UIIOn, ~"d lhe .0 ..lied 'lerror;lm' 110" i. u.uoll\·prac'i.ed "1"011 the Americao inlerelll in ,he ~fC~

The Palellin,," Americ.n.' op,n'OM differed Ireatly 00 ,he 'I..ell;Oo Of wh>! todol 23.9 pt, eeol or lhe re.p,mdUI1 .n,wCfed thlt 'hc ... rab1 .hould mOve elo'e< toAm.. 'ca, 1.1 PC' ce"t to kcep relatioo... the~ ..e. 11.1 pc, cent 'hal it i. neeeWlr)' .0reduce ,ellTio,,": .l.~ PC' eenl that i. i. nee'l$lIry '0 co, ,elation. eomplCfely wi'b i'.and tbe ,es' ' •.1 PC' ceo,) b.ve 00 op,n,oo

We ".died the erree< of all the ..... i.1 facto'.. iadudinl Ulimiluion. on Ibe."ilude, of Pales"n,.. Ame,icans toward. Ih. Am.,icaa bi." ,o",a,d. b ..el Tb•..... Ie "'l!>oode.. , ... fOf cumple, were mo,e ioelined 10 bov•••p.i.e ,eael,O'" ,,,,,'ard$.be US: •• per ecr" of 'he m.1e ,,,,"pa..dutl AId th•• i' it neeeuary '0 cut ,elat'oo.wi,b Ameri.a; 26,' per cea' of .he WOOl" pvc ,he ..me Tbou ,a f.vo.. r ofmovi", eloser wcre dl.i<:Ied i••l_t ide""... l P'O"....,iOO1 be me" .od WOIDeO(2J,5 IK' cent. 25,. IK' cellt). Th.,e i•• bi, difference be,wceo Ihe _e" ..bowao.ed to keep ,.Iatioo. at tb.y a,e (16.9 PC' cenl) and Ibe me" (J.6 pe, ceDI). Womeoar. more coo",rvui.e, ...d are mOre iloo,ao, of tbe mUte.. eonneclCd w"b .her,I..,;o;... cao.e and p.y Ie... ,"en,ioo 10 i'

A. a'ual. the pl~ec of birth h... speci.1 ,mportanec io ,b,s ."bject. TbeLebl"eJe·bo,o .espondeo" had I ••,ter tendeney toward. ,he view thu the Arab••hould ted"ce .et~tioo, wi'h lhc US, wbile 'be American-bo'n bad I .,eater ,eodency'0 10Pport e'o... lie. 10 'he US. AlIa 'be ,••pandeol>' p'evinu. place of ...ideoce h..• bi. iofluence, TbO.e who re,ided in Lebaoon have. p,ooouoced lCodency '0 CU'telalioo. wilh the US ('0 per cen,) bUI ,hale who ,.,'ded in 'he countrie' of thc

".~b,u Culf UI.6 fl" ••al) ...... I.~~, ia f.,o,1t of th'~. Tbi~ of '0"'1O ucltldod 'b"US-botll.

1'I0ae or tb........It.o ... ided .a ..fu,•• U"'fls.. ei,h•• in 'h. O<""Oicd Territo, ...,Ot i.. "c;ahbo".;a, ".~b eo"nlr'.~ .b>! h, ... n"'I1I, ,a••,•••d ;n (,'0'" of ,h•.......ity to '" do••, to Ihe OS, '0 imp,o,"" ..I"ion~ with i, OT ",," '0 keep 'hem U'h.y ~ ... Th. domill3 ... "pinion ~moni ,he p.lel1in'~na .i'h•• in thc US OT elsewhere,;. thot the US i. di'e.tly ,elpon"bl, rOT ,h. eonlin"ui".. of p.lest;n; ... m"eT)', .,deon,"Q""tl~. the Pale.,i,ian ••r",e" who .urt•• mOll r.om the Pole",n,an prohl.more th. m01' OOI'tl,ed to US polie~ in th. Middle Ent and mOil k••n ro. an A.~b

.nct;on a"inll Ihe US. But bee.",. of thel. 10... ",nd..d of cd"c~tion, .hey .r< ,b.lar,... ,."up to hav. 00 ooin,on

Those ...h" <c~'ded ;a C;t;.. bdore .h.y ."';,•• 'ed to Ihc US u. le.. bostil. to"mCT,ca nd ;,. policy. Th. c;ty .e~id""5 oaostly ..ork ia COmmCrCC, ~nd

consequently, ,It..i. inl.,....... tied to tbe US I1ld the o,ller for.iln 51.......'biehro.cc. t '0 ,.ke • leu Uthtl~;~..ic 5,~nd ,a ob,.e'i.1 ,b. "me.i... policy. TIl.'0,.1 idcnll f.1l bet .....a the ...id.n<l of t.c cu.,,,,, ~od rb....idull of the ciliesin r..peet of ,loci. reclin.. to .....d. 11.. us.

Th...ore edo...cd 'he ,*l'$liaiu·"",e,ic.. is.. ,II. more h... a•• i,.., ,b.A",bs' mo";nl elose, to Ihe US, ;a ~pite or the fad th••••oMide••ble o....,nt~.e of.""dem;e ","lut'ai.n~ arc in fl'o", of it. ".ile.bl. prooonion (lO,. Pc' c."t) Ofstudents p,er h.. th. "rab' .ho"ld tIIOve to"'udl the US b.c."se moll of them ",,,.bo,n th....nd mOre u.imil.led in Am."c.n .... iet~, bu, .he larlell P""''''"I' ofthem (51.1 I"'r ..n.) .... n, '0 c", relation, with "meric.. The loraCll gro"p ofPolenini.n "'me,;ean, who Wont '0 h.~••Io.et rel.tiool wi'lt ,he US ." ,h.busineume". The lIudentl .nd ,h. wOTk... who are .g,in" i, fo,m • I'..ablep.ooo"ion, delo;te thc hilh pc,..n,aae "f ""den" ... ho were bo,n 'n the US U",c,,,ioned .bove, ~nd c.1l ro, clolcr .elOl'O""

The Pllestia'.n "",..icu ."ppo"." of the Rep"blic.o ~tl~ .all.d Inr <I.... r.i.. with the US (56 Pc' ..n, ,a f~vou,) ill o.der '<> i"cline it to .... 'd. tbe "nbsbc<:~"se 'hc ReollbliC2n ~rty " tlte Ame"aa conlCtutiv. ~ny and ,t i. dorni ...nt ,"tlte US aow ...d lellio. c1.... to the US mea ... ,e!tia, clQIC ,,, thci. p,derr"d p;t"y.Tlte sopOO't.., of ,lte Dc_..15 called fo, it by • , ...Il"r pc"en",e 01.) PC' .co.).bll' tllis pc'cen'~le n kilh ,00. Of ,It..... who have .e"c, P'trtieiplled 111 ...." .., ia ,he......." ..a elcel'o..., 17_" PC' .... t called fo, .Io.ne" '0 ,10. Us. Oa ,he o,he. hUd,2lLS PC' ce,,' of the Dcmocntic p;trty npoo"crs, .il,.cn Pc' cen, "f the Reoabli...p"-rt)' lappo' ..... and )0 Pc' c.nt of those "'ho dO no, "Ole nlled fO' lb••"ltin, orrelat;on•.

It ...u odd 'hat 55 pcr ceni or ,he ,e.pondea1l, ... ho deda.ed ,h' i, i. (>01~ible

th., the US milht red"ee ill IUPPO" fOT h ..el, Id_o<>led the neculilY of ,h. A,.b.'cUllinl the;, relation. wi,h Ihe US. Thi~ "."il e.n onl~ be .. oll;.ed by ,he f.Ol lhatthel. oeopl. "nde"..nd th.. C"llinl ,d.lion. wilh America rorml ,n elemen' ofprellu,e on Itl '.OPO" for Il<ael

It wu .Iear ,h.t tho ,uponden" who or•••&>n.. ,he o"lIe'p"ion of ,he SovietU"'OR in err"". '0 "'ly. the ,,.In,ini.,, ",oblem fo,m ,he ",.;n,i,y of th ....... lto nllfo' close I;U to tbe US ("J PC' ceat). It mar be luppos.d ,hat lhe hi,h" tbe rate of,hose who call fo, Sov;et P'trlieipation, th. le.. ,ke ,end,ocr to .upport .ie' ... i,h theUs. 5' PC' cnt of tb••<$OO..d........bo ."o..,ly ,,,poo,, ,be p''''cll)&'ioo of ,."Soyiet U"'oa called fo, e,,"ill' tcLllioal ... i,h "_fica, bot }6 PC' ceat of ,h.... wlloIrc .... i.." it .1... called fo, .,,"ial ,besc «llIiOll$. Thi••11.0.... maay do 00' IU~"e'lher Ih. Soyie.. 110' the AtDc,ielM. aad takiag • ~tUd 'g.iut tke So.. ie.. doc> "0\aatomltinlly ",.... that the pcnon i. for the Ame,icans..

WIl.a .... ""died .i,... of ....milat;on ;n.o Americ.n ""'«')' and 115 reb'ioo.hip... i,h P~le.. in..a "metieaa at1ttudcs to the vic....hat tb......bl. Iho"ld ,.ke to.....d"m"'.a, ,t wu elca, ,It" tit. more th. TClpoaden, ka .... "rabic the IflO« h. oreferredeuttina rel.,io ith Am.ric. ~a.1 PC' cen' of thOle who lpe.k "rabi ell aad 2Jpcr ccBl of ,hQ$' hn .ouk it """rl~ nrc ia ravour of cUlliDI t.lat'oni ith the US.Tho,e who do not 'o••k A.able "' .11 and who are mote ...meric.n;ud all.d fo,mov;nl cI",.. '0 lhe US (7$ pcr Cent fD' .nd 6,J p<c cen' 'a.in,". The loIS ,he

-

«,poodenl u,ed Ar~bio, lhe mO« he c~lIed fa, sl'englhening Ar~b relallOO> wllh theUSA.

11 seem. th~1 Ihese .;g~" ,,'hieh .bow Ihe exlenl of a..imil~lion in Amcrkan,ociety, playa big role in affecl;ng P~lellinian American opinion conecrning m.ltcneoonceted wilh Ih. US .nd ii' polioy and Ihe A..b «action loward, il. ThciT erfeelon malle" conn.cted wilh Israel i, weaker, which meanS Ihal Ihe P.leSlio;aa Amerie.nis mo,e Amerle'n in hi. views when lpe,king .bOUI America, and mOre hleSlini.nwheo spe.klng aboul 1,..eJ.

Anmher sign of ."Imll"ion i, Ihe klod of friend. Ihal Ibe Palestini.nAmeriean chOQ.e,; ,0 per "ot of Ihe ,".ponden" who prefer American friend, believein lhe nc"ssily of moving do... 10 Ihe US, while 11.6 per cenl believe In .uuingr.IOlion, with il. i6A 1'" «nl of lho.e who orof.. Arab fri.nds wanl to mo.. oIoser10 Americ" bUI 45.7 per eeal nf lhom would prefer 10 .ut ,el~tion. with the US.

It w" de" IhJl 60 POl oenl of tho.. who prefer 10 bring Ih.ir childTen 01' 'nIhe American way wan I lhe Ar.bs to move closer 10 tbe US, while 20 per ceOI wanl 10CUI relations; only Ig.~ Ptr oen' of Iho.. who prefer 10 bring tbeir child'en up In theArab way W.ot 10 move c1o,e, 10 Ihe US and 44 pe, cenl of 'hem w~nl to cui ,eI3lioo,.The ,e,ponden" who pay mOre ."enlion to Palcstinian newS h.ve ••trongu lenden.ylo wanl lo .u, relations with Ihe US, 15.1 per cenl of Ihe Pales,lnian Americ.ns whowill relu,O home if il booomes po5Sible "'ani clo.e, relation. v.-ith Ame,len. while 49.1pC! ceal of Ihem wan' to Col relations. 75 per oen' of rhose who would nOl ,elu,npTef., '0 SlrenBlhen ,.lalion" while fifloen per oenl of them would cui rel.lioo•.

Finally, wh.n w. disou5Sed the ,,1.lion.hip belweon Arob re.ction tow~rd, 'heUS 'nd the influence of the Palestinian o,g.ni"lions, il is cle., Ihl the b;gge"p'opo"ioo (around 45 per eeOl) of Ihose respondents who believe It Is oecessory tnmO"e toward, Ihc US 'oppOrt A"fOl, followed by 40.6 pet ceOI of the re,poodea" whoh.ve no idO' .oncerning Ih. othe, r~le'linjan o<goniut;on., Ih.n 4.7 per cenl ofH.ba,h ,upporte", and 7.8 pe, cenl of the suppo,le" of Ihe Islami. movemenl<. 20,4per eenr of Iho.. who ..e the ...... ily of .ulling rel~tion. wilb the US .uppo"A"fat, 3'1.2 per ..nl of lhem 'uppon Haba,h.•ad 16.g per cenl suppo" hl~mlc

movem,n,,: Ihe $m~11 p,oportion Ih31 ;, lefl i. distributed among lhe olhe' Palo,,;aiano'gani..,ions.

The la.. American plaa '10 ~ch;ov. p,~.. ' ;a Ih, Middle E." lOla, Ihe iniliativeof Pre.ideal Reagaa on 5th ScplCmber 1982. Th. rOl"l;n;.n,' lack of confidea.. inAme,ic.n policy i, demonst,a,ed by nur finding Ihat, allhough A,.b <cgime, hadofficially acoepted this 1'1'0, nf ral..tini.n American, who had bceome ve,y mu.hAmeti.. ni~ed (and among ,hem some are in the par'y of P,esident Reagan) only 'hreeper oenl of Ihe ,e,pondenu ",onsly supported Ih. 1'1.., 11.3 pc' oenl mildly, 6g.3 peroenl reje"ed it loally .nd 17.4 per ceOI have 00 opinion.

In ,pite of ,he modest ... il";'y of P,le"ini.ns In lhe US. they expcci lhalAm<rie~n public opinin~ should be more on Ihel, .ide. A lot of Ihem are .. 'on;shedth~t ~ lor of Amedoans who we.. against rhe Americ.n war in Vielnam and ,upportlhe liberalion m,,'emenlS io Luin Ame,lea, side wl,h Isr.el. The PaleSlinian. aod theA,abs fed lhal Ih.i, .a.e is just. They wanl o,hers ,n have Ihe same f..liog witbou,doing anylhing 10 CrcalC Ihi, feeling .mong ,hem. 00 8th August 196J rre.iden'Abdul N.,iT wrote a leller to Prosidenl Kennedy, summa,izing the P~lestinian.' .ndAr~b,' view "f their C'<e, Abdul Nui, wrole: "One who did nol own gave a p,omi,e 10one who did nol de,erve ii, then bOlh Ihe nOn-OWner and Ihe unde.<r yln8 maoaged byuse of fotce and decei, '0 "eal from Ihe legl,im'" owner hi. ,ighr to what heowncd".'

We studied the aaitude of 'he P.lest;ol,o American, wbo support Ih, differenlPole"'n;an organizalion, towa,ds the policy of Ihe US in Ihe Mlddl< East The .lmo",unanimous ",oJutlon of ,he suppOrlerl pf Ihe d;fftrenl PaleSlin;'o organi"lions wa.IhOl the polley of Ih. US in l"e Middle Ea>! i. negalive, which reflce" the ?aleS'ini.nAmeriean,' di.appoinlment wilh Ihe policy. 29.6 per ..nl of the ,e.poodeolS who secUS poliey in Ihe Middle Ea.l negotlvely, ,upport Ih. lef,ists (ttab..hj, 2'1.4 per cenlJUnport Ihe moder.... (A.. f~l) ood si",cen per cent .upport the Isl.m;e mo'emen'.58.8 per ccnl of 'ho.. who believe lh.. Ameri.,o policy is neu!ral <10 OOt ,upnort ,ny

..of Ille Palat;a;all O'II"i:..",,,••; of tlla$<: whl> ba~c ao OP'O;OIl ill tb ......11... 17.6 ~f

~."l support " ... fu.Ahlooll'" II ,'lubl. PI_hOD or ,be P.lali"in ..._rica.... r.....dl .... of th."

oric"lal;oo.....1... '. Americao policy IO_ltd, Ih. 'alcstinillU ..opll"dy, ye, thi' doc'001 cle.rly ,.n.e' lbe olhe' ,ide of th. ",aller: den ..;". lhe sland of ,ho US and ;a,uppon (0. 1111Icl. AmoDI Palo,ti"iIO A",o"elol the supporte.. of lh. Islamic1Il0.omC"IS were the most contldenl of ,he possibility lha, ,he US ",iah' rcduee illI1Ipporl (o, 1"••1. ..hile rincu pC. cull of lhe ,uppo"." of Habash did so. 3P.6 PC'cclU nr ,he .apport",. of "rofa' "cr. 110' Sur. Ib., ,be US would reduc. its supportfo. luad. bill aid probably il w..uld, ,hc .. alOe 31 pcr • .,ll IIf tbos<: who do "Otbelo 10 ••J hlalial... o,,.lIiul>Oo, ud 11.5 PC' "'lit of Ibe IUPpOI'1~n of Ih~

l~f,i ud t1.~ ~ llI'r~~OI"~ or Ih~ 'UPP<>rt~'"or hb... i~ "",v~"'~nls. Th~ uill~n~.

of • r~lalivel)' si bl~ proporlion "f Ihe suppnrl~n of A,.fu ..100 I~~ 110. pos.ibililyof ...ovio. Ib~ US lowardl Ihe Araln .iv~ S"lD~ jUllificuioo r"t Ih~ In~mpll of ,h~

lud~..hip of Ihe PLO '" 'gain p"Ulicll llr"gt<,,' On th~ Am~ric.n Slage.As w~ mighl e%pOCI Ihe supporle.. "f Ih~ I~fl lend m"1l1y '" ,uU~1l ,h~

impollibilily or chao.lo. US policy lowards Ilrlel ,n Ih~ inl~t<S1 of Ih~ Anbl (H llI'rceo' or Hlb..~ .up_""). nd 16 per ce,,' of Anht .up_Ie.. ol.oo h.d .bi. O!liO'OI',.~icb reflccIs Ibu Ibere is coofosioo ..........10. sopp<>ner. of .h~ l1IOd~r..es (Arlra.).6J; llI't .eo' of Anf.I'. lup[lOnu. pve • pos,,;YC ........Ct 10 11011 possibilily, H.' per<:cnl said il is probable Ind 6U per cenl sa;d '00'; Ih~ rcOl h1d no op;n;"n This .100...Ihe nl~nl of ."nlndiclio.. bel.ce .. Ibe public opini"n "f Ihe m...es "f Ihc fl.li"nond it> polilic.l pn~,icel, ",hiel. i",plie' lock of polilicll Iwo,~ne.. b~ Ih~ bue of Ih~

poliei~. of thc lc,d~..hip....d by Ih~ leadc"hip "f ,h~ Imbil;on. "f ill .uppof1~tI.

Thi, allO .h"w, IhU Ib~ I~ndeo.y "f Ihe PIl~lIilliu Amcd.ao. Slill mea" 'UPPOrl forIh~ ;odividu.l. more Iban for Ihe ptlli,ie.lp'''s.rlmm~ ond ptllil'~al behaYi"ur

A_... lI.c rC1po"deo,s .10" .upptlrl Hlba.h, 4.1 l>I" CUI n ••ered ·ye.' '0 .10.,qun"o". U llI'r 01:0' .......~d ·p.obably', '4.9 l>I" Ceo' In••e..d '00' ..,d __4 pcr e~.. ,h.d 00 op;aioo. This .100.' Ihal Ibcre i. ""'.. harmoay bel_cea 1/.e leld... of Ih~

movem~nl ud ill public. Oaly 1S,4 pcr c~..1 of Ih~ ,upport~.. of Ib~ Isl,,,,icmovo",~nll a.rood wilh Ihe POu;bili,y of ehanwinw US pOll.~ ,award. I.,"~l, ,h~ ,"m~

p"~~Olaga uid 'p,obabl~', 59 pn ccn< .aid 'no'. and 10.1 pcr c~IlL hId n" opinionTh~.~ "lUlu P'''_~ thU '10".. who had na e"nr;d~nc< in 110. US .eduoin. ill bi..•owa.d Is.lel .~.e a 'izeable pr"pnrlion (65.1 l>I" ceal) "f III Ih~ "rpn;II"oo,.olthoulb o>f d,rr~.cal l>I're~,,'a.cs.

Palaliaiao A.... ,i""01 wko 'OJll)Otl .he d;ffer~o, orpaiu,'o... aad bue JUebopio;o... oboOI AIlI..iea .. poli~y ill .100 Mjddle Eas,. I.e _.~ djvid~d 0_.. 'h~ ...y '0hlodl~ Ihi, pnliey io Ih~ fr"Ut~ and ,Ioe necessily or d~velopio. or li",il'''. rolll;oo,.ilh Ih~ UOiled Slue.. Il i. el~.. IbU Ih~ 1"1~" proportion - 45.3 p~r c~al of 110"..,who call for .Ios~r r~lllioas .. i'h America . ar~ Ih~ S"PpOrt~fl of A..fal, follo",~d b~

Ihose (40.6 per cenl) wh" d" nOI 'uppOrl lOy "r ,h~ or.lnin,ioo.. E;lhl per cenl ofIh~ 'upporter. or Isluaie mo.-mooL', and 4.S pcr .U' of th~ '''Pp<lrt~" af Hobnh, hadIh~ u"'" opinioo_

Cooce...ia. tllL~ respoodUu .100 o;anod relr teep,....~lll;o..' "' Ihe)' Ire. IS!ulblc proponio.. ''''''01 Ih~", (l1.6 PC' ..,01) supported Anfl,. ne ,ju.blep.opo.,'oo who are in favoa' of CUllin••c1u;on. or r~duci....hem a.~ sopporl~" of,h~ lcf' (lJ.l per cenl): IhllSC ..100 .Inted '" eu' relu,a,," Ind 'be 40,1 o~ • ..,nl wh"wlo,~d '0 reduo< Ihem "er~ Hobuh 1uPporlers.

Th".~ who haY~ no idu IboUI rel.,io". wl'h ,h~ US Ire on .ppr~cilbl~ number:Ihe~ h.v~ OQ relallons wi'h 'n~ or ,h~ Pal~'iniln or.oni'"lion. Ind It< Ihe mos,lI,i",ilal~d i.. lo Am~riclo _i~'~. 31.1 pcr eeol "r Ih~ .uppoll~rs of 'h~ 1,1'''''e"",V~mcnlS hlV~ ao opinioo aboul 110;. p.oblem becau.., Ihcy .re 001 concerned .i,blloi. ",all~r O' becallse Ihey are ill,,~nl~ ". old w...... o ..100 del 001 .nd~""od "~.

19.' llI'r eca, of 'be I1IJll)Ort.., of A..hl ..u' 'n .el close. 10 ,h. US, 1.2 pcrcenl "'01 I" keep Ih~ relll"'''']''p as i' is. Il.7 pcr «al ..an' '0 .educe il AeOOJiderabl~ numb•• (lI.S l>I" ~~nl). wlol 10 CUI reillioo, 'o'ol1y. Ind 6.1 pcr e~Il' hav~

n" opinio....2 per c~nt or ,h~ .uppa,,~.. "r Hob..h Ire in fuaul af clo'er r~IOljoo"

6,9 per c~n, "'3n' 10 keep thorn .. Ih~~ .. ~, 27.& pc, cenl hv"ur ,~ducin. Ihem. U.!

\

"per .cnl w301 '0 cuI lhem, ~nd 2.a pcr cent have no opinion. At the same lime. 13.2per cent of 'he ,uppor«" of the Islamic movements would pref« cl".., reluion, wilh,he US. SO pcr cco' would like '0 Cot 'hem and 18.4 per cenl hove no <lpinion.

Tn",. re.ulls point '0 ,wo imporlan, thios,: finl, ther. is no consiSl.n<~ .mOOithe .nPPOrlO« "r ,he madc"," 'hough <onsc""i,'. o.lional-rells;"", glOUp. (AroCal)of whom 39.7 on .cnl w.n, 10 Improve ,h. felalion'hip and 3U pe, ••nl Want to cuIit. The 'uppo"." of the left (Habash) ond the Islam;c mav.menl. arc more consi".n'in their vic ....; <CO<lnd. the ,upport." of lhe lef, and 'he I.l.mi. mOVemenlS ar. moreln1<r'Sl.d in cnttioll rcl.tions with ,h. US.

Fal••dntu Am..l<on. and 5",1<1 policy 10 lhe Middle Eas,

Whe. lhe r.l..tini~n e,i,i, inerea..d before tbe ,,'abli.hment of lhe 510<0 ofI<roel. lhe Sovi,' Union. I< mentioned in the ,~eeeh of tbe 50';'1 Pre,ident And..iGroOlyl<o on 14th Ma}' 1947, WI< in favour of ",'abli,hing on independenl democroti.Arob·lewj,h ".Ie But the ,iluOlion in p.le'line boc.me sn eomple. ,hal lh. SovielUnion agreed to pafti'ion: thal. lcwi,h ",Ie and an AfOb "ale ,hould be est,bli,hed;n PaleSl;ne side by ,ide.

Aft., lhe lune 1967 war and lhe Israeli occu~alion of lhe ,e,( of hiorori.alPale"ine .nd o,he, Arab land, lhe So"e, Union cuI in diplom",i. relation, wilhIsrael. o. 19rh June 1967. lh, Sov;et Union ,ubmilled • compromise plan '0 lh,Gonorol A"embly of lhe United Na,in"" in whioh i, called ror eomplOlo r"ael,wilhdrowal rrom 'ho occupied land. Boc.u.. the Pale"ini.n Oau" appeared os a cau,eof the Palostin;an ."ion s"uggling ro, ," poli'ic,1 ;den'i'\" and i" ,ighl to ,elf·delerOlin"ion only in Ihe 1910" Iho SOVIOI plan of ,h" lime did no' include "nl'lhing.bou, ,h. Pole«ini.n nOfinn. BUI lalu So,'iel propo,"ls and proJocn endorso 'he righ!>of 'hc P,1<"ini.n n.,ion ond "ond wi,h ,h, Pa,."in,.n rovolu,ion ond ,he Arabcoontries ,hO! h,,'c ,uffcrcd ftom 'hc I"aeli ,,"cupalion, poli'ically. mili,.,ily and,p;rilually,

The mO<1 di"ingui'hed recenl So.iel ptan wa, 'hc Bre.hn•• initilli.c whicbw.. ,ubmitred", 'be 16,h Conferenoe of lhe Soviel Communi« PaTl). Tbe proj"" canbe ,umm3fized a, follow",a

(i) An in'erMtional eoor.,,,nce allended by,lI patlicl inoluding ,he PLO,(ii) !>r.er. wilhdrawal ffom all ""oopied Arab land "hn in 1967(iii) The ri~h' of ,he Pales,inian people 10 eslObli.h Iheir indcpcnden, "ale in thcifhome country praelisin~ the" [Jlh' of self determination.(iv) Guafan,ee, of 'he 'ccuri,y and sov.,eign,\' of Ihe st.tes or lhe afea and thci,tilht to Ii .. peacefully ... re,ull of an iotc,n";onal eommilment.(v) Coopeutioo of ,he Sov'" Union wilh the Europc,n coun"ies, Amet,ca, andwhoc.e, 'incorcly '"PPO'" a just aod pe[m~nenl peaco in the Middle E.",

11 i, prob.bly difficult for Am.,ican propaganda and ,be Am""c,n life"yle toinfluence neg.lively • I.rge proponion of the Pale«ini,. American. or any olhetAmeric,. minority .onoerninl lheir own notion.1 eaus<. It i, .lmost impossible, norna"eT how Ire., lhe deg«e of the Pales,;n"n Amerlc,n', 'S$il'lila,ion, ,ha' he wouldsupport brael at lhe e.pcn,c of 'he Palestinian" in spile of Ihe f.", ,h., the d"8ree ofhi, enlhu.i..m and hi, ."itude' would b' afreetcd in one w.y o. ,00Iher. Hi, .landon lhe So.iet Union ,hould b, mOre open 10 iofluenee, at Ie." Iheoretic.lIy becau..that ".nd has no direct conneetion wi,h lhc slle"i.1 natioMi oau« of Ihe Pale"in;.nAmedcan. Amer;c.n propaganda i" ,,"e.,ion.II\'. applicd '0 ,he Pale"ioian, and lheP.le<linian c.u.e, while ,hc propaganda al.inst the So.iet Union is a m.jor f.c'or inlife in lbe United S13te,. The oap;lalist Ame,ic.o I,fe<lyle makes ordinary pcople.u'omuieally ho"ile '0 'hc 'ypc of life ,ha, lhey hear about in sodalisl soo;ely.

The ..,olt of our "udi", ,bowed lhu 'hc I.rlc" group of PaleJ,inianAmer'".n, (37.g per cent of the ..JpOndcnlS) believe lhO! lhe Sovic' Union i. nol athorough and pc,manenl friend of the Arab'. 2].1 per ccn' "id 'hot 'hc SOV,et Unioni, .n enemy of the Palestinian., 33,) pc' conI said lhot thc Soviet Union i, "

"trustworthy friend, 5.2 per oen, tlad n" 0lllOIOO. We Think rha' the larS.'1 numberhc,i,a'. in judging 'he policies of .h. Sov;., Union. and tile} arc "'D the b'ge"numbor of the Palest;n;an•. whc,.ver The), He, who judge .";'ud•• ,oward. 'beP,leuini,n, on n scp".'. ba,;s and not on the whole policy and '''U.IIY of the Sovi.,Union.

l! i. difficull for ,he Pales,ini.n, wher.v., they ar., induding Ihe Pal.uinl,.,of lhe US. 10 an."'er ,hal ,hc Soviet Union i, thei, enemy. c~OOpt from. rcligiou,pcrspec,;ve. Also. long ycar. of mohjlin,ion again" communism make i, dirficult forthe Pale"inia., 10 judge the Sovi., Union a porm.ncn, friend and ally, regard I.", ofIhc degree of help Or lhe cohorence of Itlc poli,ical ll~nd of the SO_;el Union with ,h.Pal."ini.n•. Ther.for., i, is noru..1 ,~al t~. an,wer .~ould be that '~e Sovie' Unioni. a temporary fdend of '~e Arah._

ral'Slini.n Am«io•• focling, of Ihe necessity of 'he p,Ilieip3lion of ,h. Sovi<lUnion ;n erron, to 'Ol"e 'he Pal.stinian p,oblem w... "cry mueh conoi't.nt wilhreeling, aboul the f,iend.bip of lbe Soviet Union. Some people who Wcr' he>i"nt.bou, the friCJd,~ip an,wered thal they would not mind it< p.rticipa'ion wi,h othor.of 'he 'non_f,iend,·. Tho,. who ha"e no opinion formed a rolUi"ely l"ge ra,io (1 t.2por COOt) be.'u,e i, i. dirrieult fo, .ome P.ople '0 define th.i, po,itlon in 'ueh ,detail.d ......

More Pal.stinian Ame,i.an men bolic"e that the Soviets orc friend, with ,heArab, ,h.n WOmen (lK.! POI con' are men, 32.4 p., CeOl .te women). Also more me.thon wo",en eonsidet the US a frie.d (25.3 pet cea, are men, 18,) pe' c,., .re women).Thi, eonlladie" the ,Upl>OSltion lhu the women would lake. moee modern'e "ond injudging sueh mall«.. What b,idged ,hi. diffetence in numbe' i. tbe con,id..ahleproportioo of women who have no opinion.

Place of birth i, • "cry impon.nt clement in influeneing the rale"ini.nAmerican'. nand toward. the Sovie' Union. The Lebanese born re.poodeots 're 'hemOil nUmerOU' .mong ,h. Pole«inian Amerie.n. who eonside, 'he Soviet UnLOn ...thorough friend of thc Arab. (M.l per e.nt), while 17.6 ptr cent do not eOMider it afriend at all. The Pale,tinian-born (19.2 per cent) did not con,ider it • friend. Amongthe respondents, 'he lord.nian-born are tne lea51 confident of the USSR', friend,hip,ow.rd. the A,ab, _ only Il.S peT cent con.idered the USSR. friend or lhe Arab',while 31.0 per cenl did nel eon.ider i, '0.

Fewer of thc lord.ni..-!>orn con.idered lhe USSR a friend of the A,ab. tnanthe US-barn them,elve., of whom 2~ per cent con,idered it • f,iend .nd 2S per centdid not. Among tbe US-horn re.pondents, ,he l"ge.. r'le, h.d no ide. (20 per eent)Thi, dee, nor me.n that the US i. Ie.. hostile to the USSR than Jord.n, but .how. that.ome r.le .. ini.n Amedean, believe 'hot tbe US a.p;re. loward. a friend,h;p with theArob', whieh lhey do not a~r.e with, They belie"e that it i, in the intere.. of t~e

Arob. to rejcct thi, 'harmful' f,iend,hip a, they de<eribed iLConcerning 'he place of re,idence before emigru;ng to the US, the re.pendent>

who 'e,ided in ,he Arabi.n Gulf eounlrie. were the lea" inclined '0 eon,ider theUSSR a friend ef ,he A,ab. (lO.5 per cent): 47.4 per eent con,idered it ,hcir enemy dueto the great influence of ,he l.l.mic religion in ,hal ..e.. Among the T..penden",,ho,e who c.me ftom • roro; origin bad tbe Ie... co.fidence that Ihe USSR i•• friendof the A'Rb. (27.3 per een,) .nd arc the mOot critie.l of that friend'hip (48,5 per cent),but .1.0 included fewOf who claimed 'hat the USSR is an enemy of lhe Arab•. They're loy.l to ,heir Tural origin•• nd can ooly ,"~e mediatory de.i,ions. At tbe othere~treme arc tho.e who come from refugcc camp,; 41.7 per cent of tbem believe tbat theUSSR ;<. f,iend. The people who .ame fTom citie, bdore imm;g,ation are si'uoted inthe middle. II w", clear that the illlte,ate form the l.rgest g,oup whO con,ider theUSSR. frieod of the Arab., but th. ra'e wa, nol con,i"ent wit~ the other ac.demiclevel.. The kind of profe.. io" practi.ed by the Pale,,'ni.n Americ.n .1:10 h.d Itsinfluence. Among the responden .. who coos;dered the So"iets friend, of tbe Arab, .rethe worke.. (41.4 per eeot) and at ,he othcr ""erne were the bu,ine..me •. The groupthat generally con.id.rcd the USSR nO' '0 be • friend wos tbe studen .., Thi, show'the ~..at influen.e of • pe"on', prof... ion in defining his opinion. It .Iso show. Ihe

dirrcrenee in .ni'ude M' ....eu ,he ",uden"1 op,nion aDd 1111 opinion wh.a h. Meameln acad.mie.

lneom. 'I • camo'.m.n, '0 ,h. profe.. ian a. we hue .lre"dy Ihown. Th.high.r the '"I...ini," Amefle~n'l income is, ,he Ie.. he ,endl '0 consider Ihe USSR nfriend or ,he Ar.b.. Mel.. or ,ho•• wha do nOl eon.id« ,he USSR. fdud of IheArnb. h,,~. on .nnunl income of mOre ,hln 50.000 dOIl"n 0' less ,ban 10,000 dolla..(33,3 p•• c.n. of bo.h ca'elo,i••). Th. I,ti'ud. of ,he hilh i..ca""'-e""'.,, 'o....d <.heUSSR is no, IUI0ri""I, bll ,he lIaDd of ,he !"ales,i,,;u ...meri"" ... an • ~e,y 10"ineom. (leu ,haD 10,000 dolla ..) II ""'''1"- We ...uat 'hi' ,he .eno.. i< ,ha, tllOK.. lIa ., lIlployed.......11' .Uuen.te "0=.. IIld old me....110 ••".~. Imlll ""'O'U'"of ma ..cy r df.,e, fo... I la'i. p.opotlioa of 'bo« ..ho hl~. a 10" , .. co ..

The q.elli... of ,elll10<11 .. i,h 'b. USSR '•• ~.., ....I"i•• iSl 0 .. , 'heA,.bs and .he Pllel'inin.. aDd e'.n mo,. lCusillH '0 ,h. !"ales,in,"", i.. Amc.iea. IIi, kno.... ,hal ,h. hl.mie relilion (o,m. ,he lIn.il or ,hu ,elllian.hip, ,f nol on ,hePlrt af ,h. lovcrnments. ,h.n by ,h. o,diu,y peaole. Reliaion h..... 1I'''''t i"rla.neean .11 .he in"el w. " ..died, up.ei.lIy e"ne«n,n. ,he pol;,io.. or Ihe '.Ie"ini.nAm.,ie.n, on ,hc USSR. The r.... lt. of Our Sludiu .haw.d ,hal h.lf or ,he Chti"i.n,espond.n" .ee.pled 'hat ,h. USSR i•• Ih'lloag" friend of ,he A,.b•. while 30.1 ocreenl af MUIlim relpOnd.nts h.d ,he I.mo opin.on. ll.~ pe< Con, af Ih. Chril'ia ..re.pondenll Ind 23.6 pcr eon' of ,he Mu.h", ,<spond.nll Inlwcr.d .hat .h. USSR ilno, I r".nd of the Anbs. 16.7 PC' e.a' of ,he Ch,i,'ian ,,,,,pond.n.. offe,ed naopinion been•• 'h.y are more a..""ilat.d i.. Amcfla" oo<i.,y .hn ,h. Ma.ll .....wh.,.... l.1 pe, ••nt of ,h. !>I...l,m r..po..d ........e ..0 opi"io" ....hi"h implies ,h' ,h.MII.Ii"" Ol. 1IOre inlCreslecl ,n .h...."., of ula,i"....i,h ,h. So,-ie, Union. ThOK..h" "'1"I.. ly oblerve ,eh.io". dutlel 0"'00. ,h. Chri.,ioRl ud ,be M...Ii .... are leu<o.. ride", .hn ,he USSR i< a f,i.ad af Ihe A..b$ and co".idu i, _,. 11 In eM"'y.

Plle,"Man A",e"",," ..ho ean.ide< .he USSR a ,eal ffl.nd or ,h. Ar.bs .r.mast ..dial ,n demandi"l ..h' 'hey eoa.idcr ,he national le.Ilim..e filh'" of ,h.,"I.",n ..". They demud eleu bord"" eilhe, (0' ,h....hole of h'llar",al '"I."ine orin 'he Well Ihnk and 0'13 Strip, .nd only fou, p« <:ent af ,h.m would be eO.. len,with only a part of hiuode.l 'okltine Th.,.", .g.inst ,he p.rti<:ipa,ion of anyAr.b Or "on·Arab stat. i.. '.p' ....n'inl Ih. '.\estinion peopl •. Th.y ,efu•••ny kindof .pe.i.l ,.I.llonl w;,h Jo,d.n Ind ",onlly def.nd ,h. uai,y ond Ih. ,.pruen'.tionar 'he P.I.SI,Man people by ,he PI..O Th.y ",e .g.i1l.5' Am.rican pl.n. ra, ,he ",.a

Na ..e of Ih......ho hl~' "" opinian np,",rt 'he [)a"i.i,..,io" ..f ,he USSR i..,he p'.n. '0 IOI~. ,he hl.llLn.... eri.i...h,l. 1U. per ce ... of ,!>ole who hl~o ..0 idea .••• a " ." pa,lle'JAho. If e conlid., lI.v,nl no OIIi"'''n ... sil" of illi'....,o. of IICf lui",il.,ion i.,o A ican _i.", ..... can 0I1C1' ,he rcl3liofllh,p be,""""Ihese I pbuo",.na (illi,eraey and .llim,llIion) and ,he .ULlatl. ,o..·ard. ,be savie,U.. ion, whcrer., one ar bo,h of ,hese '''0 Ole prese", Ihe,e il mo,e o;>posi,io.. '0 ,heUSSR'. policy.

TIle•••,. ,h. op,n,onl of P.lellinian Am..ieanl eon"un.nl lh. USSR ...d illpoli"y in ,b. l1ea. What abou, 'he IUppo"." of Ih. PI..O .monl"l them1 Do .hesepeaple rallaw Ihe 'Ilogan' ..hi"h ,he Polu,inian re'olution 'officially' holdl which i.Ihot ,he So, ie, Union;' eanlider.d a Itt.,.gic .1Iy af ,h. Pal."inia. ,o~olu,ion?

Th••• il lOme conttadic,io.. Klwecn Ihat .Ia.an and Ih. opinionl or Ih••uppo"o" ofIhe PI..O whi"h Ihawl ,h. in...bili., or ,b. '.les,inian I.ad,,"hip ill dellin. wi.h ,h.quell;an af ddini". [,i.,,4. and .......ies. and "bo"" .h.. ,b. P.'el,i"i", A",..i""...• ,e 1II0,. ·Am.'ico...• i" ,hil q"es.ia" and He ,be USSR ho.. thi, ""in, or vi....

O..ly 17.' PC' "en' of ,hOK ..ho eallli4ef ,b. USSR a pcrman.n' frieod of IheA,"bI .'" I"ppone.. ar AnhL nil il ou,pri.i... ""....du'''. Ihe 11«1... alli.acebe,.ee.. ,he US .,,4 1....01. ...d Z.ioni" bOlhli'y '0 .h. Sovie' U.iaa ia A..e,i"" ...H.n by ,h. Palelli .. iao AlIIC'ia ....

Mall of Ih. ' ..pondutl ..bo co...idc' ,he USSR a p.''''a''''''1 rri"nd 1114 j ..d••il ....ordi". '0 ,he .i, .. lIia. 110 IUppo"'" of Arafu (afound .6 per een,~ This i. 'hedominaa, api .. ion of mO" of ,h. PII.ll;nian. wha "re nO' poll';ciud. 1, i, Illo .,raog.,bat 13.7 PC' ce"t af Ihol. who Idopled Ih...me ","nd ar••'.n IUPPO'l." of HabuhInd two por cent Ire IUPPO"." of ,he eommunilll.

A,OUDd 54 pe, eeDt of ,he ,uppone" of HahaSh a<t suPPOrter, of the SovietUnion aod .aid ,ha' i, i, • perm.nen' friend of ,he Arab., but a 101 of Ihern do no,Such. ,ituation Can only obtain wi,h ,he Pale"inJan> ;n ,he US who think 'hOI being,upporters of the Palestini.n Left doe. nO, commi, them '0 friend.hip with ,he USSROr perh.p, some of them feel ,hot ,hey arc mOre Idtwing ,han ,he USSR itself Thi,'IOnd aod ,hi, fcolinll weI< dominont among ,he .uppor,e" of Hab.,1l when ,hePopulo< Fron' rep<c,en'ed Tad;.,1 nal;onaliltio ,houghl, Probahly Ihi. fcoling i, "illpre.en' with 'Orne of Ihem now, A, expec'ed, wherever po,i,ical Islam i, pre,ent, ,hetei, mOre ho,lility 10 USSR. A ,m.1l p«oonl.ge of lhe ,upporte" of Ihe 1,lomiemovemenl< ans,",'tred Ihot ,he Soviets .'e friend, of Ihe Arab•. bu, u5 per eent"o.wered Ihat the Sovie" are ,he;' enemie•. The hostility of the religiou. parti", .ndpu';cul.rly ,he 1,I.mie on"., '0 the Sovi« Union and the communi", h31 • longhi"ory.

21.6 1'"' eenl of ,he ,uPDo"eu of Afaf" regarded ,he USSR OS 0 permanentf,iend of ,he A,.b. 63,5 per .en, soid ,h!l i, i, .ome,im.. a f,iend, 9.5 pe, centeon,idered i, •• an enemy, .nd the 'c,t gO\'e no opioion. 65.g per cent of Ihe,uppor'e.. of !-lab..h believe Ihal ,he USSR i. a perm.neo' friend of Ihe Arab,. 19.2peT oent said ,omelime., 13,7 per cenl •• id no, and 1.4 per Cen' gave no opinion S,lper cenl of the ,upporte.. of 1.lam;c movemenlS accept t~" Ihe USSR i, a perm.oen'friend of ,he Arab•. 20.S per cont .coep' Ih!! il is • lemPO"'~ friend, 71.8 pe, cen'>aid it was .n enemy, .nd ,he le" ,ave no opinion,

Tho,e of ,h. m.diuory betief. whu rep,e'en' tho pe,ilc bourgeoisie (,he•• ,ional_relig;ou,) represented by A..fat, are distingui.hed by Ihe fact t"", 00 ,he onehand, ,hey do not trust Americ.n friend,hip, and on the o,her h.nd, ,hey doubl ,hefriend,hip of the Soviot Union. II was not ,u'l',i,ing thal ,he P.le>tini.n «vOIUlion,particularly", in ".rt, ;n.iSled Ihal i, i, nei,her 'e."ern "Or we"",o', .nd i, "e,i'",edin making .lIiance, with ,he Sovie' Union and ;n its dealing, w;,h US pl.n, for Ihearea.

The 'e,ul" of Pale"inian American.' altitude' ,ow"ds ,he p..tioip"ion of ,heSovie, Union in ,ho errOrl< 10 ,olve ,he problem of the Middle E." arc;

(i) The respondenlS who largely rejec'ed ,he p.rticipation of ,he Sovio" 're mO,enumerous .mOOB ,ho.. who have no opinion coneerninB ,he Pale"ioi.o o'Ban;.lIion,Thirteen pcr cent of ,ho.e who .uppor,ed the p.rtiO;pa'ion of ,he USSR. 17.4 per cen,of Iho.e .upported it with re,ervation,. and 31.6 Pel cen< of ,ho'e who did no, ,uppOrlits por,idpation, have no op;nion abou' P.le,,;oi.n organ;,",ion•.(ii) Thc suPPOrter! of ,he islamic movcmenlS arc Ihe one' who I.." .upport Sovie'p.rticlpafion (46.7 per ceo,); mo", of the ,upporte.. of Araf., suppo" ,he USSR withreservations.(iii) The Uni'ed State,·boro Pales,inian, who arc mOre ."imi1.led ore eithe, 'B.iM',he USSR '. porticipo,ion or h.ve 00 opinioo. Thi, i, Irue regudle" of whichPale..ini.n ore.ni'al;on 'hey belnol '0, lS,1 pot ecn' of Arah' ,npportcr. "ronlly.uppon Ihe USSR', parlieip31ion. 41.9 per cent .upport it wi,h «,crvOlio",. 10.8 percon, do oot, .od 12.2 per cent have no idea. S8.9 per cent of ,he .uppOrtcr. of Hah3$h.trongly .upoor, i'. 32.9 per eent .upport ;, wi,h re.e,vation, (which ,how' ,hOI' 10'of ,hem do not .g,ee On Ihe polilic.l .olution in principlel, 4.1 pe, cCnl do nO' suppor'it .nd 4.1 per Cent have nO opinion. Five per cen, of ,ho ,upponefS of ,he ',l.miemovemenlt ",008Iy .uppOti iI, n.s pc, cen' ,upport it wilh rese"alion,. 70 pet cen,do no' .upport it and 7.5 per ccnt h.ve no opinion. Thi, ,how, ,he hO<1ility of lhe.upporters of the IsI.mie mov.menlS '0 ,he USSR, which implie' ,hal ,he in,ern>!.truggle .mons Ihe Palo"ini.n, and be,wcen left;sts .nd ,he ,.lamic movements, willbe aharper io Ihe fUlure.

One Pale"io;.n Americ.n in New Jersoy de'cr;bed the ,i,u.tion of ,hePalc";nian eommunity ,here b~ uying ,hat h.d it not heen for tho Pale"ini.n "au,".10 which ,hey arc ver~ .en,ilivo, Pale"in;••• would have been Ame,kan in all ,heiropinion,. Thi, i. an cnuor.,ion, bu' true to a I'"" extenl.

It .hould bo poin'ed out that when ,pc. king abou' the lef,i",' point of view in,hIS di,cussion. we refefed '0 the ,uppOrte," of Habash, Ihe hc.d of ,he Popular Fron,

ro' the Liber~,io" of Pale.tine, which i, different f,om the o,her Iefti", pa'ties. such3S the Demo."ti. F,ont for Ihe Liberation of P.te"ine. headed by Na~ef Hawotmeh•• nd 'he Pole"io;.n Communi" Pony. Thor<foro, 'h opinion of 'he !Uppor,... of IhePopular Fron, .mona ,he P.le"ioi.n American, doc, oat deman",.'e the po.i'ioo of.11 Ih. Pale,linian lef,i,t foo'ian., P3rlioularl~ on 'he ques,ion nf pc,ocful .olo'ion"occepl'ble ba,d." or • Pol."'nian 'Iote, and palilieal .Ilianocs with the USA and theUSSR.

Nnlts

I. Find\c~, Poul (19&4) Th.}· do,. 'n s!"ok QU': pooplo<£ Insl""';on. conlranl /fro,r. lobby, lI'e"port,Coon: Lowrence Hill.

2. Ibrahim, \986, 213. Rei,man. 1910. 1614. AI·Ho,. 1983. 1655 Said. 1986,31 •6, Edwa,d Said in AI·Qud" 5.9,19867. Abd ol·Hodi. 1915,211I. AI·Hu" 1983, 201

4. CONCLUSION

When ~n o,dJnory !'nle"inJan !ravd, bctwccn R,m,lI.h ,nd Jcru"lcm or 10 AI·Biteh ond Oei, O.bw,n in the R,m,lIoh district, h. is amaet.d by the many beau,;fulvilla. th.t co,t hundr<d' of thou"nd, of dolla", He immediately thin~, of tho,.I'ol.sr;ni.n. who h". ion. at diff.rent period' ro Amerie•• nd who 'enjoy' 'he lir.,and liv. in 'eomplet. h.ppin...•.

A lot of 1',1."ln;,n, ore .mbl,iou, '0 follow others to America, '0 p. r,omIh.ir reality .nd to liv. in comfort, .nd ev.ntually to return .ft., month. 0' y andbuild b.outiful v;II... M,ny p.opl •. particularly younl p.ople, iO .orly in rhemo,nlng to qu.u. in fronl of th. American con,ulat. in Ea" Jeru,al.m in order 10 tct3 vi,. th.t .1I0w, them to iO where 'happine.. ;.'. Only. f.w ,ucc••d, othe," ,eekmedinto," to {tciEtate it fOf them, 0' go back home to bu'y thei, dream

Thi. Study hOI discussed the eondition of the Pal.";ni.n American" how theylive in that 'd'eam' ,oc;ety and how thcy feci .bout the I'alest;nian nOlional cnus<- Dothey b.lle,", for eum!>le, that the cause I, only. 'villa' located in the eounuy and nomorc, 0' i, ;t a Pe,m,nen' ,mbition ,nd continuou. ",unle in o,de, to build ,nindependent I'ale"ini.n enti,y .nd I'alestini.n character. It ,"em. cleo< tha" ;n ,p;teof the importance of the r.le"in;,n commuo;ty in the US, politic.! .ot;v;ty amoniPalestini.n American. mO>lly doc, nOt e~,SI e~~ept fo, the "udents .nd .omeintellectual,.

Although th..e "uden" ond intellectu,,, ro,m a ,ito~b\c I"oportion of the1'.lestin;.o, ;n America in comp"i,on '0 the othe' oommunit;e" a lot of them a,e nOtAmerie.n eiti..n, .nd othe," are fairly i.olated from the reS! of the community. Mostof the;. po]jti~al .ctiv;ty ;. propaS.nd. fo. the Pl1l..linil1" American ~'U'e and nOto'g~nized politi.,! '~tivity in order to reo,uit the p.i"t;o;,n eommunity in Americafo, the Pl1le.fim'm iO.1.

The indu""i,1 wo,ke", who are relati_e newcOm... in the United State" aremOre radical thon the other members of the community ;n their political _iew"cOnt,o,y to the busine,.men. Their general tendenoy i, to the left of the officialleadership of Ihe PLO. The lumpenprole,",;", have' mO,e Isl.mie o,ientalion: .nlsl.m which i. relued to Arab nationallty. and "'hich is eon;idercd mOre',evolutionary' than 1,lam in the Aroh counrri ... Bee.u,e hl,m i. nO' the 'c!;ll;on ofthe majo,ity of Amerie.n., Its believen leem '0 be ch.llenting the domin.nt thoughtthcre

The early ."inl. in the US ore now the owoen of "'0'" ""ho fi,st wo,ked inpeddling and .ccumulated enough money to establi'h themselvc' as bu.lnes.men, .lbeiton. ,1mple level. The,e people ,ep,e'ent the 1I0minant Palestinian thouiht includingall the different perspective., hut., ttle <arne time 'hey in,ist on keeping goodrelation, with the United Stat..,

Althouilh the P.le!!in;a., ;n the United State' have d;ffe,ent p,ofe1Sion~, m.nyof them, "' pa't of Ame,ican ,eciety. fae. unemploymen,. In 1976, the rat< ofunemployment among Palestinian, ;n the US was 67 pc' eenL' E-.n when the young.nd tho.c unablc to wo,k a,e ",eiuded, the rate of ocemployment rem.ins very high.The rest of ,he unemployed arc divided into twO &,OUP" those who arc involved in theunde,,"orld in the US .nd hl"e nothing '" do with pOli,i." .nd those who ore to befound ic ,he coffee hou,.. and club< of the community and arc '",pc'''' in cri'ieizing'he plan. or the I'alest;ni.n oriloni.ation, .od thei, leadership.

It i, not e..y to define the politic.1 attitude, of P,le"ini.n Americ.n, olthouilh'n o,ganised I'.lestin;an mOvem,.t in the US i, still in ;to inf.ncy. It is ve,y much.ffeeted by the unsettled ,ituotion of the p.lesti.i.n revolu,ion.

The political tendency of the I'alest;ni.n Amer;.,. i, 'ubjeCled to m.nyinfluence. of which the mOst impo'tan, i. th. phce of birth or the previous pl.ce of, ..idenee. The influence of the A,ab count, i•• and th.ir regimes On the p.le<lini,os i,>till felt even .fte, 'hel' m;g<3tion to US "nd .e!tling the'e .. a pe,maoent pl.ce of,esidence, Thi, infloence i. mOre effecti_e than tho o,her diHerent .ocial inrtuence•.AI,o, relillioc, income. the 'ypo of work and the Icvel of educllion influen« politic.lbelief. profoundly.

,

"The "'1.t1i~,u "'...rinns ...~o _Cr' bot" Of ,,,,,dod ill. lb. ""Ib co>..... lnn,

~";CUllr1y Jordn ud lb. Arabin Gulf. wcr. lbe ' 'moden,.' ....d C1>,,,,crvl(i ••.In ......",,". ,bOK ..ho ...... born Or ,aided in L.N..." uc mosll,. _r. u'''".in,i. '0tepin all ,he hislorical ,ilhlS of lbe h.lU"n""" .hi.h ana", .....hi.ted uecPI by.rmed ,evolutionuy .jol.ace.

ThOle bor .. ill p••_19•• PIln"n., lIrtel ud ,h. Occ:"pi.d Ter.ilO';" ..00<1 III,h. filhl of ,h. t..bl ....",,·bgra and 'II lhe lef, of II,. Jo.daoiln and ,h. Arlbiu Gulf."..,n_

" ..imill'i"n ,n,o Am••ic.ll soci«)', particularly fo. t"ose .... ho wcre born in ,h.United S.a,<., pl.yed an impO<1>nl '01. in ddininJ ,h. poli'i.al belier. of PaJtninil"Ame,iclnl Thi. luimila,ion "'n nOI chraclc,iud by IOkin. mo<o 'ilh'.... ingPO,ilion>. bu' ""aa an clement ,n di,'aneinl lh. P.l."ini,,, Am«i••n ('om ,h. nOlion.1P.I«,ini.n CIU'. and I••ving him ""ithout opinion, .oncernin. the d.,"il. or 'hc C'u,c.

p.I.,,;ni.n immigrotion to the United S,otC! is mO,. d.nle,ou, 10 theP.le'tini.n notion.1 .nSC ,h.n immilrolion to the Arab .ounl,iel. In lh. A,.beountd." th.y u. ,.ject.d by Ih.i, surrOundinl' ",hioh make. ,hem mO,e "ommiued'0 'h.i, Palutlnla" Id.n'i'y, bu' at 'hc ,.m. ,im. i, ,. ca,ie, fo. Ihem '0 ''''mil.,.in,,, A ...."n" SOC«I)". ....hich di"an.es th"m r,,,m ,h.i, nuioo.l idcn.i'y.

Th. I'al.. tinians in Ih. US .... y hi"" beeo",. "'".. A",..i.ull.d be.n.. of tbe••cat Zioni't ••1Ivit) ,a ,b. US .ad liS .ole ,n ,appOrtin. ls.."l ...,,,,, til..Pales.iniu5. •• ,lle ". .... ""'''. Am",i..n p.opa••ndl po<lr.y,a. Ill. P.l.. ti"iao, o"ly•• t.rro,;'t.. whl.b ro.ce, til.. Pal...in'." into ••eu", solid.. ,,) witb ea.b otb"••• l,,"ys ••m.mbe,in. tb.i. P.l""ini.n ,duti,y .1", .n1;Ou..... ,b"m .0 co....,.1 Ih.irbaek.,o,,"d o. di'lJ"c" Ibe"""lv.. f10m il.

The p,...nt Pal."'"i.,, o.....i..."o..s ,n ,b. Us. pa.lic.. latly Ibose wbi"b b ..."'",.,ieaa chl..",e""ie.. arc ..0' pop"l.. 0 .... bUI ... form.d by .dueated people 11.0..o.t fo, tbe PaI.llin,"" c:lu~ and "haU."•• tb. d,SCflml,,"tion • .,i"st 1'11...ini"".nd A",I>-Ame".Iu.

CO"tro.) 10 tbe le",i,b eommunily ..hieh blS ,,,flue,,ce aad impof\I"cc. ,bePatcsti"i.n eommu"it) in til.. US i, nOl ,nflu.nt,.l and consolidat.d IS • commuoily•••cep. for. l'OuP of ed"....d iOdividu.ll (a.ademic, Ind \>Oli'i"i,nl).

In 'h. US, ,h.r•••• no 1'.1."ini.n "'meric.n, ",bu ,uPPOrt ,he Pale"i"i."or••ni ... tion, spo"""..d by th. Arob reglm." Th"y only ,uppa" ';nd.pend"n'·nn,ion.1 0'laa,n1io", which hove nn Arab inOu.nc" Thoy do nO' h... pa"i•• Dr

o,g,,,,zation, of thei, own" p.lestinian Amerie.., exc"p' for ,ome locie,;" .. The)or•• ith., political ..."ns;o", af ,h. Polntininnl in l<n"..1 Or part of Am.,icanpolitics .ueh Al R.public.nl Or Dem""ra" "'lSO ,her. 'rc o'hers who ar" port of bo,hPal."ininn .nd "'m.rieln POli'ic" in ,pi,e of the bi. conn.dic,ion be,ween th" .i",.ar Am••ie.n pellcy .nd Pal."i"i." poliey,

It .eems th.. Ill.. fo,m.luni') of th. Rilhl .. inl io or • hi.b., deg, •• thaa thefo.mal unIty of 'h. Uf, winl .mo., ,II." 'alelli"i... Am""c.n, i" tb. US

Th. P.l.otin",,, Ki.h' .. i". in ,he US eo"ec""..., on ""lid.,,'y and "".... ti"'..p••e'iecl i,. Th. lefl'" I'.l..linilo "'m."ea. i•• ·P.l..ti"iu· ..11.0 It.. """'."on."",;oao .... II. .......ina l.ft;', " ••Ui3..io.,. h. i•••uio...lill P'l..ti.ioa, .... ileIh. ri.b,·wi., 1'I1.,lilin i, I "",io... li" "'estia"'n .Id .1 tb. ". .... ti ..... par, of",...,ieaa ""pi'.li,..

I••pit< or lb." ,r""t dl$:lVcclDCnts, _b,eb "" an ....."0. of Ibe n..io...li,.Pales,inia",' diUI...",ent.< i. tb.i. bomel••d. ,II." Pales""i.. "'_,i"".... likeP.l..,;niu, el....ber•• ".,ee 0 .. til.....i" lines of tb"i, a .... IIId diu.ree On.v.rytbi •• el.. Th.i. diu.r mt' ar••u •• ,hII,.d by din.,.nee, p."iettll' 10 ,heirbcio. ;n lb. Us. fo, i..ll be, e•• ,h. inb'bit.".. of 1'1.... Jersey a.d N... ¥o,t... 11.0 eam. ori.i".lI) hom Dei. Dib or ...1·8i«h in th" R.mallab dill"el. TbeYI..•••<>«1 ,h.. th.y h,ve I p.oble", and ,hat 'he~ h.v. a ju" couoc tbn III people ,houid••pport. Th. IlI"d of 10) pe,""n. nllio" 0' lIll. toward, til.. Palo"ini.n caUl. i. th.m...a.. by ..hiell '0 .,."ir~ ,h.", IS 'Ioed 0' b.d'

p.I.,tinl.n Am."eans hov. 'h,.. matn a"itudc" mod.rlles, wb. Of. 'he.u!'part." of 1he oHicial I.od.rsh;p or th. ?tD u"der Arar... 0' th. Pale"i.i•• ,ilht

willi U " i, nlled by 'be lof'n's; UPP<lrlors of ,bo ler"O! O'IU'UI'O"" 1131l;e"b'lytbe !"op"t.. F'oa, fot ,be Libe,,,,o. of ""les.loe ~od.. Halla,b; ."d ,b. lsbml. bloek

Tho 1~IIP<l..e.. of ,,,. leflill' lod ,h. fund.meo'"hlt 1,1001.. block atol"e'.',ioB. partieulllly amonl .100 n..... eOli.,on"_ w••hink .hal if no ne'" .1.me.."chanle the di,.elioo of thO It,uUI. io Ihe 11<0. the lefti'll a ..d the fundamenl.li"Mu.lim, ... lll continue to ,act<o" in numl>c, but Mil th. Palell;oi." mod.' ...... The'ell.iou. Mu.llm, will b. the mOil oby;ou1 .a"didaICS to <cplle. ,h. PLO Those .,b"..lreb fo, II" altemal;ye '0 ,It. PLO ....ould 110' n.", I' __II. ,b. _called ·Yilla.,IUI"cs' 0' i" lo,d.... fo, e....pl •• beaGK Ihey lie eOon'e••0 ,lte feell .... of 'he""'cs"";III. who up;,e 10 haye 'hei. ulionl ;deo,I,y. bo' muy belieye ,h, r,lom_ill ',"",oe Ihem ftom tro,.ble

Th. ,e,ult, Of .he poll p"bli.hed ,n 'he ]ermol.m ne...poper AI·hj.'concernioB the politieal otientat'o.. of Ihe Paleuin'ons of ,h. W." Ol .. k I"d Gn.Su'P. do "0' diHer mu.h (,om th.. of Ihe Palestin;... A",e.iea .... as I'y.n by Ihi.SllIdy. The nt. of ,uppa., (0' tbe PLO ill Ille lIrat auk o"d tb. GIn Strip ;1 93.SPC' cea.. and ill Ih US 11.3 PC' cetll. Those.ho do llIIt .IIPP<lrl il ... ist.. ,bc Amepe.ce",.", III 'be '.0 arca. IS.I pcr .<11,).

Tb. b;1 d'H..e...e " .monl ,bo1<: who h,ye nO op; .. ;on (I.. pcr .en' ill 'heWell Donk I"d 110. On. Strip aod 7.7 p., cen' I" ,lte US). as.S pc, eellt Of thore.pond.Oll of Ih. Well Dank and 110. G... Strip .nd U.S per ceot of Ih. PoI.Il;ni ....0."'.".011 ,e'PO"dents "'d thu tho ,ole of ,b. US i.. ,h. or.1 I. n'loliye

Pal imiu Am.,ieall' lite ......e 'Pala,iAiu' <:o".e'"'AI "'.u.....c1ued '0""1.,,'lI.e d "'0'. ·..."'.ric...• co"ec,ai"l o,her malte,s. Th.i. Sland 0" thehles""I "".... d.... "0' "cccssa,ily ,.n.." 'hei. aui,ude 10 ,he Soy,el Ulli ..... n..ymilltl be .p'tIS, Zioll'.m ...d Commu,,"'" 0' lb. sam. I,me Whl!" applicable 10th.m i. 110. op""",'e or lh. ,ult tbl! uy' ',10. ellemy of my e"emy 's my f,i.Ad·· ",h.,ttho Soyi.1 Union i, .on~tr.. ed the 'ule becomel "he ,"emy or my .nemy i, my ....my'

Th. ri"t I.ne,ulo" or Pal''''n;..., in lh. United S,ale. were simple peopl.,"ho y;•• the Pal,",nian ••USe tb,o~lh 'he 101'. of the 19400. Thll.l. ,"100 a.hl.yedIIp.ltd _bility Ite 'hose who hue bcCOIIIC mo,e Amerieonix.d•• 'bey do "0'lIad.ntalld a lot aboo, the P.lesl'"i .,. ..K IIld ",,,.. Iy hue 110 apinio. coaecr"I"1 't.ne "". emil...... It. '.p.CKlllali of ,b. hl... i"i... JICOple ;" I.ne,.l, in lin Ih.i,1IO!i"",,1 ,."d'lI"ies. st'ulile•• dIUPIlO'n,m.nts .ilb Ih....rab ...;m••, and ,bel,.onI11l"ous up""llan ta .. in back Ihti. ,illh..

Not ••

I. ~lUu', 1910,90~. AI-Fa;. 12 Scrltembct 1916

"

.

';"" .....,~ a.:.......... --"~'il '.<.1\ .'.1 ••...,.. lo>--~ _ ~ u- rr u--:'.... - -

~ JS~ J.,.,/l '-'! ,,11 ('~

~l>Jl"...::.Jt .,j~l u!.o."u...

.or>? "".... "..)(.,)'1jS.>" 'ul5J,117 PARK ST, JERSEY CITY ~1.

. \'\AO (DEC.~'h)Jj"it U':'LS V :~JUJI

. ~~lli).l.....:, ~ ~lu.J1 uL...Jl ;'-"jJl

: .jlS:is. 'it u l..,.ii~ u-o

.~~I';'i~1 ;;.I~_ \-...""llS ,i ;;2"10 ;;,r<>l>.o,1 .;,i~1 JJ'" .;,.. ;;J,...J J2'" ;,_ r•••••.•...•••••.•• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• j:.~ ~,- \"

• •.~I~~_t

,"")'1 ~~ tl,w>~~ Ju.£!- 0

JIS';''I'I~

~;, ,,' ......~ \r':Y,...,)'1 :,s)'1.I

Appndl~ A:

In the n"Dle of AIl"h, ,he Beneficent, the Me,dful.

(Thi, 10011' is f~undl in house, "'h;eh Allall hoth "Uowed to be culled ,nd wheTeinHi, n3me 'hall be ,emembered. Th.,cin d~ off., prai,e '0 Him " m~,n and evening.

Men whom ne',her merchond;« no, ..Ie beguile'h f,~m TemembT,nc< of All3h,eoo,'ooey in proye, .od pnyment of 0101'; who re... day when he'rl' .nd eye, wiUbe overwhelmed.

The Islamle Ceo,ro 10 Jersey Clll' announcn:

A"cmbly for monlllly worsllip On 'he fi"t SOlurd,y of every mOo 'h.

InrQrmalion gn gresoo' mgoth'. meetiOil:Pl.cc, The 1,13mio Centre in Jer..y Ci,y,

JeTSe~ Ci,y N.J.D'le: (Dec. 7'h) 1985Time, Seven o'elook .f'e, eveninll proy".

17 Pork St.

•Some,,

pallS g( ,h; mee'ino:Rending f,om ,he floly Qu,on.Interpret.. ion of one or ,ho v...., of 'he Qu,ao 0',eligioul le.,ur; or both.Th. evening me.1The niSh, p,.yer.A collective b,oakf", on Sund3~ mornio£

M,y God lo.d U$ .nd YOU 10 wh.1 ple.." .od ,a,i,fies Him

A"embly Commi' ..eThe hlomi; Ceo"e o( J;"ey Ci,)'.

BIBLIOGR... pHY

ABO AL·HAOJ. M. (19741 J10r "e/~"'nte. e"M'" eltd plllesl ptll« ~elU. lI<;i .....AI·Makllbab al·Hadilhlb fill ....abic)

ABRAHAM.. S A ABRAIl ...M. N fI9.,) ,beb. lIt 1M N_ JJ'Mld: $"J'~J .... A,."b-A nee• ..........M.""~•• De"OJl; "',yne Slale Uaiven;ty. Cea,cr for Urbu. Sllldiel( bie lransluioa)

... RURI. N. (1969) ·Tb......b "'m.tlcan Communi,}" of Sprinlfield. Ma....chu.." .. inE.H'lopian .t A.Parden (cd') ~ A,,,b A",••;e"... ,r"dln m ,.u,,,,il,,,,,,,,.Wilme"e. 111: lhe Media, Uai'erlilY I',e .. Inler",tiollOl. 50-66

ASWAD. B. (1974) ,f,,,bi. J~"k'''1 e"","",m".. m AlI1ule"" e"'~" New York, Cenrerfa, Mi.,,'ion Sludi., &. A..ucial;"n of A"b-Ame,;ean Univenily GraduOle.

AZAT. I (1974) The "o"·f.".."illl Arab ,,.,d..,/<: " .."d)' ill Ih~ I"" 01 hl/,MIl'~'O"fC", Ph,D rlle,i" Uni ..."iry of Soulhe,n California

BARGHOUTI, I (I9U) ·Immi.ral;on from lhe Qceupiod Well Bank' KaI.b Ma,a.j,,~.

J«u$3lem. 6). 71'91ELK HOLY.... (1966) T~ A.,,6 .\I<>,i~II1' m ,It. V"JlTd S'''I~': Rd",<>" <l "";""/"U",,.

New Haven. Conn; Colleae ... Univer,i,y P,euAI_fAJR New.paper. Jet"..remFINDLEY. P. (19") riot, dl"e ,n ,prn!. ....'. ","e"pon ennn Lawrence H,llGEORG... K....S. D 1l975\'A'ab '-GI"kerl ill Delloi,' MERI" R~,om :l4. n·nGOTTESMAN, L (•.d.) "hi... ,. A.... tJcn n b<u:q''''''''' ,~_,. A..... rica.·jew;.h

Co"''''ucc. 1••liune of Huma. Relll,O'"HAGOPIAN. E. ill: PARDEN. A. (1969) r:w ,fru "'_'lea",: JI"'~' ... <Ill,,";I,,'_.

Wil..elle. lit: Th Medi., U.'vcnl1y p..n la'ernlli""alH... IK. J, (1915) TM ........leU "'r"brc·."..,k,"6 C....."'~.Jl, I'll} Ai......... Los Aalelcs:

Th. New Ci,c1.IHARV"'RDI (1911) Ha"",d E"Cyocloj1n/,n nl "'''''KlUJ C,b". a'IN,•. Cambndle.

Ma,.. ill: Lllndnn. UK Har"ard Uaivcnily 1'....AL·BUR. M, ... "'L·MUSA, T. (191l) Sml.....nl pi"., I'" lite Pale.,,,,,n,, "'.... 1911

1"1. "'mmln; Oil al·Jalll (in "'abie)HUSS"'!I"I. H. (1974) "The imp,e' or lhe ""Ib·!oncli conflie' on "',ab commn.i,ie, in

'he Uni'ed SlUeS' iJL I.Abu·Ln8hod .t B. "'ba·lab.n (cd.) S.,II" Re,i",., in"'lrI.o" r~ ,f,ob W"rid, Wilmel1e, Ill: The Medina Un;ve"ilY Pre... 20,·222

IBRAHIM. 1,1. (1986) 'ne Ameriean·lsrUli alliance: [~iioO d·.I'1 revl,iled" }n",,,,,/"I P"I.w". S/IIdiCl. J5 (3) nO S9. 17·29

ISM... EL. S. 4 ISM ... EL. T. (I976j'Thc "',b Ame,icon, 4 ,he Middl. Easl" Middle en"J""rnol. 30 (J) 390-405

J ......FARI. L.l, (1971) 101'1"''''''' nl "al.."oio" Arab " Jo,dn",,,,, ""de,,1l "P."/e"'M"I. '0 'M V""ed S,,,,... Ph.D lhnil. Iowa S'lle Unive"ily nr Science &:TcchnnlolY

JA...FARI. Ll. (1973) °TII. Brlln Drain 10 lh. Unllcd Sla'cs: ,he Mil,"ina ofJo,dnin ill: Paleuinian p,orcuionl.... ",udenu: j"",,,,,i 01 PAi..,,,. Slud,e,l(l) 119-111

K"'SSEES. A. (1970) 111<' ,mple nl 1t<I_lInJo. " _pl~ ., CI"IJU"" A.<>b twrl'.~.

Ph.D lbes's. Flo,idl Slue U"'vcrli.,KATT...a., .... (1969) 111<' 1IUi""lalJ'" .1 ,f,<>b MJUJ"", ,. AI~"". MA thesis.

UaivefSlly or Alben.KAY ... L. P. ill: K V...L. J. (197S) ~ S",." l..I""......, ,. A_ne":,, ""'" ,It r~I",,,,,

'" " ..'''''In''' Il,,"an' Twayn. p"bli.her.LOVELL. E. (1973) "A ,ulY.y of lb. Arlb Mu.lim< ia .be Ua,led Sial..... Canada"

1>1,.,1,111 rrMld I] (2) IJ9·U4MAKDISI. N (1966) A'nb ""...nln,., '" 1M "".w WMld: ~~,*" 1965·66. Ne... York

; TIle "'e,ion Commiu« an AmcrieJn ... rab Retalion,MANSUR. Riyad (1980.) "The Pa":$,iniln eOll1munily ,n Ihe Ualled S,.,." mOli"e.

for immi,r.'inn and demolupbie eandhinna; f'al.wM AII~j". 99, 84-106 (inArabic)

MANSUR. Riyad (1910b) 'Th" hle"i~il~ e~mmo~,'Y '0 ,Ile U~i'ed 511'= mback.ro,,~d. _,at coodi'i....! • dndoplIKlII ptO$pceu' 1''''/el1l_ Alla"s. 100. 66·11 (i~ Anbie)

MEHDt. 8. e, al (1971) 77tt Ar",bs '" Ame""" 11'.1·/917 Acl",,,,oIan'" IMt loool.Dobill; F.,,}·. 1'1.... Yo.k: Oceln. Publi.I,ioll'

NAFF. A. (19IS) Buamlng Am.,i.",,: IhI e"rl}' Mal> ,m""g'alll cx~""'"•.Carbond.l. '" Edw.rds.H1o.:Sou.lI.rn IIl1noi, Uoi••"i,y Pren

OTHMAN. 1. (1970) A• ..1'01> Commumly ,. 1M Unllcd S,o,,,: ° Jllldy 01 1M ..1'01>A"""rtca" Co......u,,"~ in S,.'utjield lfau=hu."I<. PhD 'h..i,. Uai.....n, orM","u,olluICUS

OTHMAN. t (197a) A,../>. '" ,Itt U""nI S'a",s.' ° ....., _I a" Ar.. I>-A"""",,,,.CO"..........,,.. Amlllafl.; SIl.'hU a 'he U~iHrii.y or Jordon

PALESTINE LIBERATION ORCANIZATION CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATl$TCS(lI.d.)l'oleWM S'amlkol ..11>"'''01 1979 Dlm.,ou.

AL·QAZZAZ. A. (1979) T,an'''OI;anal/iI,kJ />clwUII ,h. A,al> Cam",,,,,,,y In Ih. US m,dtht A,ab wo,ld. S'C'lllIeB,o: Cit C.olrll P,.,s

AL·QUDS N pop<t. J.,,,... I..nREISMAN (1970) T10tt "" .1 ,u p....,l>Ie, d,pJ_,1C "I'e""'''''''' ,,, I.... MuUle

£It.JI. P,i,,",oaSABA. L (1971) n.r ,al 0'"''''/''''''' 011'" /(a"",lI.. C........".ilJ' '''',d,nt ,n D<''''''''.

MA 'h...il, "'"ae $, U"iYersi,ySAID. E_ (1916) "The be,,"'lJ 10 10 ,broul" '"e Ametloan ",ind', AI-MoJoI/o 3l. ll·nSAID. E. el al (B.d.) A ptO/rie oj ,ht Polct,im..~ ~ople. CIli031"SALIBA. N. (1911) ·Em'I•• ,i"n r'Om Sy,i.· Ato/> S,~diu Q"om,ly) (I) ~6·67

SEMAAN. K. ([%I) 'Ile crisi, Or Allbic in ,Il. USA· M,ulim Wo,ld. SI. 334·344SENGSTOCJt. M. (1974) 'tld,lionol '" n,ioa.1 ideo",y ,~ a Christi.o A,ab

commuilY' SaciDloruo/ A....IJ'",. lS (3) 201·110SENCSTOCK.. to(. (1917) "Soci.1 Ch'''I. ia ,be cooa", or Ofilia II • rao'.... ia

im",i...", coacop,iots or nallonalily' £/IIItlCIIJ'. 4. S4·70SUNDAY TlM£S N.wspape,. Loodo"SWAN. C. '" SABA. L. (197a) 'IIe mi,... io" or • minoti,y' '0 D.A.... ld (.d) A,abu

"/Haki~, eom",u~"'tI in "'~,uiron ,"i«. N.... York. C."'.r r"r Mil,a.ian Sludi••'" the A."",iuiaa or A..b·Am."o." Uni.",s;'y (;,.du3(e•. '5-110

AL·TAHIR. A. (19S2) TNt Atoll CIlmm"";ly '" 'he CNeo,a " ....: " "ompa,ollu "'td,oj IAt ChrIJ""""S,,,o,,, a"" ,'" Mu.II"'·"aln".'''.... PIlO lllesis. U"iY.rsi'y orCIlia..,

TUMA. Elias (1911) 'hlestioi,,,, ;a AlIKfi...: The Lak. A.... ,i""'as ror »fiddl.EIII U"dcr.II"di.... New Vl>tk. la (llll~

UNITED COMMUNITY SERVICES (1975) A,obu"/Holi", !'topic. oj Mr"opol"o~

DIl"oi,: .. comn"","y p,ojile. Octroi" Relnr.h Deporl"'."I. U~llOd Communi.~

SC,.iCOl of Mo"opoll,n" O."oi,. mimeoWASFl, A. (1971) An I./om,. UI>o"..e Com"",."y ,~ l1fr USA: 0 Jludj ,~ cul"",,1

".III,opo/a",. Bei,,,!; Dci,,,l A.ab Uaiy.uilTWOt-F, C- (1%O)'Muslims in ,~e AlIIeria" lIIid·.....I· Muu"" Wor/d.)o (I) 39·..2AGHEL. A. (1911) C""~ti", IHUle"" 01 id''''ij'''''I_~ ,('o!>-.4".,,,e......

"tllcsli« /(.."",II"e, of lire CIo"",o" S"itl,,-LtboNU. P~D ,I>.. i.. N",," W."••aU"IYen;ly

..

• •

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