zNano

Option #3 to Solve the Water Crisis

2 Confidential and Proprietary Information – zNano LLC

Do We Need More Water? YES

3 Confidential and Proprietary Information – zNano LLC

California is espacially dry

Water Source:

Lake Mead

(Lowest Level Ever)

Water Source:

Tahoe Snow Pack

(18% of average) Sacramento

San Francisco

Los Angeles

Water Source:

Hetch Hetchy

(51% of average)

4 Confidential and Proprietary Information – zNano LLC

Traditional Options to Produce Water

Desalination

Recycled Water

Recycled Water

Recycled Water

$20/ Gal per Day of Capacity

Option #1: Desalination

>$100/ Gal per Day of Capacity

Option #2: Recycled Water

http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_26160300/california-drought-san-joses-new-high-

tech-water

5 Confidential and Proprietary Information – zNano LLC

zNano is OPTION #3:

Technology DISRUPTION!!!

$1 bil; 50 MGD

$20/ Gal per DAY

$23 mil (planning); 2 MGD

$200 mil (construction) REF: SF PUC

$13/ Gal per DAY (planning cost)

$100/ Gal per DAY (construction cost)

Same Tech; Just Smaller

Desalination Recycled Water zNano Water

Treatment Appliances

$4.50/ Gal per DAY (most efficient size)

$10.50/Gal per Day (google’s unit: total installed cost)

6 Confidential and Proprietary Information – zNano LLC

...and its >80% cleaner than Tap Water!

Water Source Dissolved Solids Concentration (uS/cm)

Average Walnut Creek Tap Water 391

Average zNano 46.7

Average Improvement of zNano Over Tap Water 88.1%

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Dis

so

lved

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s i

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ate

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S/

cm

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Instantaneous Permeate Average Permeate Low Tap Water Quality

Average Tap Water Quality High Tap Water Quality

TAP WATER

zNANO WATER

7 Confidential and Proprietary Information – zNano LLC

The Advantage of Small Projects Lets Compare Traditional Water Projects vs zNano

Large Water Project [$15 Gal/Day] >$100 million Public Works Project in California

zNano Water Treatment

Appliance [$4.50 Gal/Day] < $50k Distributed Water Treatment Appliance

1. One of a Kind Project

2. Average Customer Credit Rating

1. Santa Cruz Aa3

3. Public/Lowest Bidder System

1. Anti Corruption Measures

2. High Risk $100mil Project

4. Massive Water Redistribution

1. 100s of Miles of Subterranian Pipe

2. Citywide Surveying

5. Public Input/Requirements/Desires

1. Non-aligned Political Agendas

2. General Reuse/ “Toilet to Tap”

3. Education of Millions

1. Mass Market Product

2. Excellent Customer Credit Rating

1. Customer

2. Internal Review Process

3. Common Equipment Purchase

4. Low Risk < $50k Project

3. Itty Bitty Water Redistribution

1. 10s of Feet of Above Ground Pipe

2. 10 Pics Using a Camera Phone

4. Private Input/Requirements/Desires

1. Aligned Agendas

2. Appliance Reuse/ ”No Tap”

3. Education via seminar

8 Confidential and Proprietary Information – zNano LLC

How Does zNano’s Water Treatment Appliance Work?

Washing

Machine

Sump

Pump Return

Pump

City Sewer

Water (20%)

Warm Water Recycle (80%)

Reclaim Tank Return Tank zNano Filtration

Appliance

Water Heater

City Make Up

Water (20%)

City Make Up Water

9 Confidential and Proprietary Information – zNano LLC

Almost 50% Energy Savings!!

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Wate

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em

p (

F)

Date

TAP WATER ~ 70 Farenheit

zNANO WATER = 98.2 Farenheit

HOT WATER ~ 130 Farenheit

10 Confidential and Proprietary Information – zNano LLC

zNano: Option #3 is Option #1

Lowest cost new water source

◦$4.50 per Gal per Day vs. $20 per Gal per Day

Could reduce municipal water usage by 50%

Could reduce sewer outflow water usage by 80%

We are looking for a water rebate similiar to the Santa Clara Valley Water District Wet Rebate