e5 = energy efficiency entropy efficacy exergy
TRANSCRIPT
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
energy ∑ efficiency ∑ entropy ∑ efficacy ∑ exergye5 =
ashrae southern alberta chapter meeting
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
one of the greatest sources
of untapped energy is in the
exergy we destroy.
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resalecopyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
copyright notice
portions of this presentation are copy written by others, acknowledgments, credits and
references as noted, please advise the authors of any unintentional omissions.
permission to use material has been granted by copyright holders to robert bean
and or www.healthyheating.com with restricted distribution agreements, thus
this material may not be made available from third party websites, nor copied nor
distributed in either paper or digital form without permission from the respective
copyright holders.this educational material was assembled and copy written © 2010 by robert bean, all world rights reserved.
materials are not for resale and provided “as is” - for “not for profit” educational purposes.
if you have had to purchase these materials please contact us.
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
network
teachshare
grow
learn
brought to you by the society chapter technology transfer committee
volunteer!
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
become a future leader in ashrae ‐ write the next chapter in your career
you are needed for:membership promotion
research promotion student activities
chapter technology transfertechnical committees
ashrae members who attend their monthly chapter meeting become leaders and bring information and technology back to their job.
find your place in ashrae! volunteer!
visit ashrae.org. visit ashrae.org
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
housekeeping
webwise for radiomicrosoft clip art microsoft clip art
terrierman's daily dose
fiction, fires, phones, and fixtures
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
is easier to read
THAN Capitalized Text
APOLOGIES to
pascal, fahrenheit et al
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
improving the
accuracy of statistics
won’t change how
the human race
behavescredit source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/image:cannonball_stack_with_fcc_unit_cell.jpg
polishing the cannonball
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
by definition, sustainability is a branch of philosophy which
for our industry, corrals engineering principles which can be
used to define, guide and measure industry’s earth
stewardship. in practice, sustainability points out that the
earth is but one large neighborhood and asks,
“how much of the nonrenewable energy belonging to the
neighborhood are we entitled to use”?
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
the energy content of the universe is constant, just as its mass content is.
yet at times of crisis we are bombarded with speeches and articles on how to
“conserve” energy.
as engineers, we know that energy is already conserved.
what is not conserved is exergy, which is the useful
work potential of the energy.
once the exergy is wasted, it can never be recovered. when we use energy (to heat our homes, for example), we are not destroying any energy; we are merely
converting it to a less useful form, a form of less exergy.çengel, y.a., boles, m.a., thermodynamics: an engineering approach, 5th edition, new york, mcgraw-hill: 2006
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
photo figure credit: unhindered by talent
exergy and its role in sustainability
exergy ask
“why are we
generating
> 1500°C when we
need < 60°C”?
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
©2010 the shock doc show, photo by denyce weiler
from bean’s exergy
perspective
it’s equivalent to
putting a blow
torch to your skin
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
gulp #1 - have you considered that
college students graduating in the year
2035 were born this year and will likely
work and live in buildings built to
standards developed over 30 years ago
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
gulp #2 - our generation will leave our
grandchildren with 60+ year old inefficient e5
system, with unintended, undetermined and
potentially crippling consequences in the
speculative world of energy, economics and
politics
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
heat recovery ventilators, thermal solar systems, radiant heating, insulated
concrete walls, condensing appliances, electronic ignition, larsen truss walls
air tight drywall approach, saskatchewan research house, and the r-2000
housing program were all products introduced during the era of the 80’s nep
exergy and its role in sustainability
bean graduates in 1983 having studied the above energy
solutions…then witnessed 30 years of nothingness
ottawa
alberta
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
13,000,000+ existing
homes in canada
practically all are built to
conventional or older
standards considered
downgrades from
e- star, r2000 and nze
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
total house built 1990 to 2008 = 10,478
source: improving energy performance in canada – report to parliament under the energy efficiency act for the fiscal year 2008-2009
number of r-2000 housing certifications, 1990 to 2008
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
reality states: if we believe
sustainability should be the norm –
then the free market gives
permission to downgrade
construction to building code stds.
= 30% to 40% less efficient
who wants the downgrade?what part of this do people not understand?
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
death in a
box (>25% window wall ratios)
hvac’s fault for poor
comfort and energy !@#$^
Original graphic courtesy of uponor, adapted by rbean
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
better than death in a box
are glass towers
constructed in cold
climates with cooling fins
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
source credit: schock ltd
cooling fins
are never a
good thing in
architecture
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
energy production source: oecd / ıea website (2009), © 2009 oecd/iea
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
1 exajoule
1 j x 1018
160 million
barrels of oil
=
annual energy
consumption by
15 million avg.
cdn home
=
energy produced
by 1400 km2
solar cell
canada’s energy flow (ej, exajoule)
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
cooling tower – mother of all oxymoron's
energy is conserved (reversible)
exergy is destroyed (irreversible)
anything that generates entropy
always destroys exergy
exergy destruction is wasted work
or wasted potential for the
production of work.
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
same story (tons/capita) but with population perspective
copyright d. mackay 2009, sustainable energy — without the hot air
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
6,706m334m
do we really
believe the rest
of the world
should behave
as we do?go ahead take a
second to think
about it
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
sustainability
tactics
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
the royal australian institute of architects
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
the royal australian institute of architects
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
three little pigscombustion
customizationcomplexity
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
1. more features isn't better, it's worse.
2. you can't make things easier by adding to them.
3. confusion is the ultimate deal-breaker.
4. style matters.
5. only features that provide a good user
experience will be used.
6. features requiring learning will only be adopted
by a small fraction of users
7. unused features are not only useless, they can
slow you down and diminish ease of use.
8. users do not want to think about technology.
9. forget about the killer feature.
10. less is difficult, that's why less is more
the best products need no instructions
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
complicated & expensive mechanical system that need food (fuel and power) and therapy (service &
maintenance) are unsustainable and become poor choices in the presence of pet rocks like natural
materials, high performance windows, insulation upgrades, and detailed /air barrier caulking applications.
exergy and its role in sustainability
insulation, caulking and high performance windows electrothermomechanical
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
sustainability can’t be complex
nor customized and must
minimize or eliminate
combustion and compression
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
e-x-e-r-g-y efficiency
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
use of high
quality energy
to do low
quality work.
example:
burning
natural gas for
space heating
matching quality
of energy to the
quality of work.
example:
geothermal for
space heating
results in less
losses due
entropy laws
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
sustainable design revolves around
low temperature heating
high temperature coolingminimal exergy destruction via minimization of
combustion and compression
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
Fig. 9 design graph for heating and cooling with floor and ceiling panels, panel heating and cooling 6.9, reprinted w
ith perm
ission, 2000 AS
HR
AE
Handbook-S
ystems and E
quipment, w
ww.ashrae.org
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resaleIllustration copyright © 2009, Robert Bean
w/ 10°F∆t, tr = 80°F – (10°F/2) = 75°F ≈ η% ≈ 97%
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
97% boiler efficiency!stellar performance by anyone's standard
meets the efficiency test
“take what you need but
use what you take”
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
butenergy efficiency
≠exergy efficiency
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
Exergy efficiency calculator – Natural gas condensing boiler with radiant floor heating
Item Units Value Units Value
Room temp enter °F 72 °C 22
Media supply temp enter °F 85 °C 29
Heat transfer enter Btu/hr 100000 kW 29
Space heating exergy load Btu/hr 2385 kW 1
Room temp °F 72 °C 22
Combustion temp. enter °F 2800 °C 1538
Heat transfer Btu/hr 100000 kW 29
Space heating exergy load Btu/hr 83681 kW 25
Exergy efficiency 3% 3%
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
how complicated is
geothermal
shallow hole =
low pressure and cool
deeper hole =
high pressure and hotter
≈ 6,400km
≈4m
≈ 2,900km
≈10km
≈1km270 bar
15°c 7000°c870°c400°c55°c
50% of earth’s surface presents local climates capable of
conditioning building spaces for four to six months of the year. carnegie-mellon study, 2009
exergy and its role in sustainability
Chilean miners ≈ 35°c (95°f)
@ 700 m (.43 miles)
shallower than oil/gas drilling in Alberta
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
Solar & Geothermal
A
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
Exergy efficiency calculator – Geothermal with radiant floor heating
Item Units Value Units Value
Room temp enter °F 72 °C 22
Media supply temp enter °F 85 °C 29
Heat transfer enter Btu/hr 100000 kW 29
Space heating exergy load Btu/hr 2385 kW 1
Room temp °F 72 °C 22
Ground temp @700m depth enter °F 95 °C 35
Heat transfer Btu/hr 100000 kW 29
Space heating exergy load Btu/hr 4144 kW 1
Exergy efficiency 58% 58%
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
Utilizationefficiency
energy exergy
Electricity generation 0.90‐0.95 0 .30
Industrial steam production 0.85 0.25
Fluidized bed electricity generation 0.40‐0.45 0.40‐0.45
Transportation (diesel powered) 0.4 0 .10
Transportation (gasoline powered) 0.25 0 .10
Space heating or cooling 0.50‐0.80 0 .05
Domestic water heating 0.50‐0.70 0 .05
Incandescent light bulb 0.05 0 .05
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
recommended studies
energy and exergy performance
of residential heating systems
with
separate mechanical ventilationRadu Zmeureanu, Xin Yu Wu
Center for Building Studies, Department of Building, Civil
and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exhaust airsupply air
reheat coil
radiant panel
heating
dwh preheat
dhw indirect
dwh
boiler
heatpump
ground loopearth loop mua
exhaust air
HRVF1
F2
QL
To
Ti
Etube
P1
P3
Wcomp
Eg, boiler
Eunderground
P2
F1
F2
P1
P2
P3
Wcomp
Ep,psupplied
Powerplant
dcw
exhaust airsupply air
reheat coil
radiant panel
heating
dwh preheat
dhw indirect
dwh
boiler
heatpump
ground loopearth loop mua
exhaust air
HRVF1
F2
QL
To
Ti
Etube
P1
P3
Wcomp
Eg, boiler
Eunderground
P2
F1
F2
P1
P2
P3
Wcomp
Ep,psupplied
Powerplant
dcw
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
selected residential hvac–dhw systems
system heating ventilation dhw
no. 1 electric baseboard heaters
none
electric water heater
no. 2 radiators with gas‐fired boiler heat exchanger with gas‐fired boiler
no. 3 radiant floor heating with gshp gshp and electric water heater
no. 4 electric baseboard heaters electric air heater electric water heater
no. 5 electric baseboard heaters electric air heater, and air‐to‐air heat exchanger electric water heater
no. 6 electric baseboard heaterselectric air heater, air‐to‐air heat exchanger and earth
tube heat exchangerelectric water heater
no. 7 radiators with gas‐fired boiler
hot water air heater, air‐to‐air heat exchanger and earth tube heat exchanger
heat exchanger with gas‐fired boiler
no. 8 radiant floor heating with gshp hot water heater and electric water heater
no. 9 radiant floor heating with gshp gshp and gas‐fired water heater
Source: Zmeureanu, R., Yu Wu, X., Energy and exergy performance of residential heating systems with separate mechanical ventilation, Energy 32:187–195, 2007
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
input values of some parameters used in simulations
items parameters input values
house
indoor design air temperature (tint) 21°C
floor heated area 310m2
room height 2.8m
ventilation systems
ventilation air change rate 0.3 ach
heat recovery efficiency of the air‐to‐air heat exchanger 60%
length of the earth tube exchanger 10m
cross‐section of the earth tube heat exchanger 0.25m x 0.25m
Source: Zmeureanu, R., Yu Wu, X., Energy and exergy performance of residential heating systems with separate mechanical ventilation, Energy 32:187–195, 2007
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
input values of some parameters used in simulations
items parameters input values
heating systems
energy efficiency of gas‐fired boiler 75%
temperature of flue gases from the gas‐fired boiler 230 °C
flame temperature 1927 °C
temperature of water for gas‐fired boiler 90 °C/70 °C
temperature of water for radiant floor 35 °C/30°C
temperature of water for radiators 90 °C/70 °C
temperature of refrigerant leaving condenser 40 °C
temperature of refrigerant leaving evaporator 3 °C
refrigerant used with gshp r134a
ground temperature 8 °C
Source: Zmeureanu, R., Yu Wu, X., Energy and exergy performance of residential heating systems with separate mechanical ventilation, Energy 32:187–195, 2007
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
input values of some parameters used in simulations
items parameters input values
dhw systems
design mass flow rate of dhw 0.0105 kg/s
temperature of dhw leaving the storage tank (tw,out) 60 °C
temperature of cold water from the city line (tcity) 8°C
energy efficiency of power plants
hydro power 80%
natural gas 43.1%
oil 33%
nuclear 30%
Source: Zmeureanu, R., Yu Wu, X., Energy and exergy performance of residential heating systems with separate mechanical ventilation, Energy 32:187–195, 2007
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
Nomenclature Subscripts
C, specific heat (kJ/kg K) a , air w water
CAP, capacity (kW) air,in, air entering the air‐to‐air heat exchanger w,1 water from condenser or boiler
COP, Coefficient of Performance air,out, air leaving the air‐to‐air heat exchanger w,2 domestic hot water
E, rate of energy (kW) de, destruction w,floor water in the radiant heating floor
EIR, electric input ratio (—) gen, total, total generatedw,in,floor water entering the radiant heating floorEq-GHG, equivalent greenhouse
gas emissions (ton/yr)int, interior air
Ex, rate of exergy (kW) city, water from city supply line w,out water leaving the DHW tank
M, mass flow rate (kg/s) exh,in, air leaving the house and entering the air‐to‐air heat exchanger
w,gl water entering the underground heat exchangerPLR part‐load ratio (—)
Q, thermal load (kW) out, outdoor air w,out,floor water leaving the radiant heating floorS, entropy (kWh/K) r, refrigerant
S, specific entropy (kJ/kg K) ref, reference state
T, temperature (°C) trans, transmission
TK, absolute temperature (K) vent, ventilation
Greek symbolsα, contribution to energy generation (—)
η2 second law efficiency (%) ηi efficiency of power generating plant (%)
Source: Zmeureanu, R., Yu Wu, X., Energy and exergy performance of residential heating systems with separate mechanical ventilation, Energy 32:187–195, 2007
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
Coefficient of performance of the system COP = Euseful/Esupply
Useful energy Euseful = Eheating + Event + EDHW
Energy for heating Eheating = Qspace
Energy for ventilation Event = mvent ∏ ca ∏ (Tint – Tout)
Sensible heat recovery efficiency of the air‐to‐air ηHE = (Tair,out – Tair,in ) / (Texh,in – Tair,in)
Energy for DHW EDHW = mw ∏ cw ∏ (Tw,out – Tcity)
Energy supply Esupply = Eprimary,plant + Egas,house
Primary energy use Eprimary,plant = Eelec,house / ηtrans ∏ ∑αi/ηi
Electric load of the house Eelec,house = Ecompressor + Epumps + Efans
Source: Zmeureanu, R., Yu Wu, X., Energy and exergy performance of residential heating systems with separate mechanical ventilation, Energy 32:187–195, 2007
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
Electric demand of compressor Ecompressor = CAPdesign ∏ EIR ∏ FRAC
Electric input ratio EIR = (0.11 + 0.89 ∏ PLR) / COPdesign
Chiller part‐load ratio PLR = Qload / CAPdesign
Nominal chiller capacity CAPdesign = 3.103+0.428 ∏ Tw,gl + 3.651 ∏ mw,gl
Nominal COP of chiller COPdesign = 2.94 + 0.031 ∏ Tw,gl + 0.191 ∏ mw,gl
Exergy efficiency of the system ηx = (1 - Exde/Exsupply) ∑ 100
Exergy destruction Exde = TKref ∏ Sgen,total
Total entropy generation Sgen,total = Sheating + Svent + SDWH + Strans + Splant
Entropy generation in heating system Sheating = Sfloor + SGSHP + Spumps
Source: Zmeureanu, R., Yu Wu, X., Energy and exergy performance of residential heating systems with separate mechanical ventilation, Energy 32:187–195, 2007
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
Entropy generation in GSHP SGSHP = Scompressor + Sevaporator + Scondenser + Svalve
Entropy generation in evaporator Sevaporator = mr ∏ ∆sr + mw ∏ ∆sw
Entropy generation in radiant floor Sfloor = Qload/Tkint + mw,floor ∏ (sw,out,floor - sw,in,floor)
Entropy generation in ventilation system Svent = Sheater + Sfans
Entropy generation in DHW tank SDWH = mw,1 ∏ ∆sw,1 + mw,2 ∏ ∆sw,2
Exergy supply
Exsupply = ∑Qplant,i ∑ (1-TKref/TKflame) + Ehydro + Enuclear + Egas, house ∑ (1-TKref/TKflame)
Source: Zmeureanu, R., Yu Wu, X., Energy and exergy performance of residential heating systems with separate mechanical ventilation, Energy 32:187–195, 2007
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
Annual performance of selected residential HVAC–DHW systems under scenario no. 1 and reference temperature equal to hourly outdoor air temperature
System COP (—) η2 (%) Sgenerated (kWh/K) Quseful (kWh) Exdestroyed (kWh) Exsupply (kWh) Eq‐GHG emissions
(ton/yr)
No. 1 0.71 7 95.1 19555 25608 27539 0.2
No. 2 0.73 8.5 80.1 19555 21596 23608 4.8
No. 3 1.19 30.6 39.7 19555 10722 15441 0.1
No. 4 0.66 5.3 160.4 30343 43136 45550 0.4
No. 5 0.83 5.4 128.3 30343 34537 36525 0.3
No. 6 0.88 5.9 120.7 30343 32536 34568 0.3
No. 7 0.9 7.1 103.3 30343 27847 29974 4.8
No. 8 1.49 26.3 53.2 30343 14382 19519 0.2
No. 9 1.46 27.8 51.4 30343 13889 19224 1.3
Source: Zmeureanu, R., Yu Wu, X., Energy and exergy performance of residential heating systems with separate mechanical ventilation, Energy 32:187–195, 2007
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
Annual performance of selected residential HVAC–DHW systems under scenario no. 1 and reference temperature equal to hourly outdoor air temperature
System COP (—) η2 (%) Sgenerated (kWh/K) Quseful (kWh) Exdestroyed (kWh) Exsupply (kWh) Eq‐GHG emissions
(ton/yr)
No. 1 electric baseboard heaters, electric water heater 0.2
No. 2 radiators with gas‐fired boiler, heat exchanger with gas‐fired boiler 4.8
No. 3 rfh w/ gshp, no ventilation, electric water heater 0.1
No. 4 electric baseboard heaters, electric air heater, electric water heater 0.4
No. 5 electric baseboard heaters, electric air heater, and air‐to‐air heat exchanger, electric water heater 0.3
No. 6 electric baseboard htrs, electric air heater, air‐to‐air heat exch. and earth tube heat exchanger, electric water htr 0.3
No. 7 radiators w/gas‐fired boiler, hw air htr, air‐to‐air heat exch., earth tube heat exch., heat exch. with gas‐fired boiler 4.8
No. 8 rfh w/ gshp, hot water air heater, air‐to‐air heat exchanger and earth tube heat exchanger, elec water heater 0.2
No. 9 rfh w/ gshp, hot water air heater, air‐to‐air heat exchanger and earth tube heat exchanger, gas water heater 1.3
Source: Zmeureanu, R., Yu Wu, X., Energy and exergy performance of residential heating systems with separate mechanical ventilation, Energy 32:187–195, 2007
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
unsustainablesustainable
exergy and its role in sustainabilitybu
ildin
g pe
rform
ance
conservation
and less
exergy
destruction
consumption
and more
exergy
destruction
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
≈ 75°F - 85°F
@ 40% rh
is the sweet
spot for
everything
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
≈ 75°F - 85°F
@ 40% rh
is the sweet
spot for
everything
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
change! haha! try harder bubba!
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
department of energynational renewable energy labresearch support facilities (rsf)net zero energy
photo credit/original source: bob fox, haselden construction, john andary, pe, leed ap, stantec, tom hootman, aia, leed ap, rnl
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
conclusion
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
sustainability requires us to put into
practice our knowledge
of e5
energy ∑ efficiency ∑ entropy ∑ efficacy ∑ exergy
exergy and its role in sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
original photo © 2009, kerrysphotos , adapted image © robert bean
energy ∑ entropy ∑ efficiency ∑
efficacy ∑ exergy
+
green principles
=
sustainability
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
exergy and its role in sustainability
original photo © 2009, kerrysphotos , adapted image © robert bean
earthstewardship
sus ta i n a b i l i t y i s
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resalecopyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
portions of this presentation are copy written by others, acknowledgments, credits and
references as noted, please advise the authors of any unintentional omissions.
permission to use material has been granted by copyright holders to robert bean
and or www.healthyheating.com with restricted distribution agreements, thus
this material may not be made available from third party websites, nor copied nor
distributed in either paper or digital form without permission from the respective
copyright holders.this educational material was assembled and copy written © 2010 by robert bean, all world rights reserved.
materials are not for resale and provided “as is” - for “not for profit” educational purposes.
if you have had to purchase these materials please contact us.
copyright notice
copyright © 2009, robert bean and content providers –all rights reserved - for continuing education only - not for resale
energy ∑ efficiency ∑ entropy ∑ efficacy ∑ exergye5 =
ashrae southern alberta chapter meeting