eap unit 2 earthquake

8/3/2019 EAP Unit 2 Earthquake

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UNIT 2: ALL ABOUT EARTHQUAKES!Adapted from http://www.readinessinfo.com

In this unit, you will:

read about the development of the language developed for people all over theworld.

practice the reading skills of skimming and scanning. increase your understanding of the target academic words for this unit:

layer surface mild seismic epicenter roll

damage flood predict scatter pattern volcano

erupt thunder burst debris lightning victim

range property seismology seismologist observe vibration

valuable geothermal

Self-assessment of target words

Learning a word is a gradual process.

First, you learn to recognize the word. This means you know somethingabout its spelling, pronunciation, and meaning.

Next, you learn to use the word. This requires that you understand itsspelling, pronunciation, grammar, and much more.

When you truly know a word, you can both recognize it and use it accurately.

Read the target words for this unit above. Think carefully about how well you know

each word. Then, write each word in the appropriate column in this chart. When you have

finished this unit, come back and reassess your knowledge of the target words.

I have neverseen the word

I have seenthe word butam not sure

what it means

I understandthe word whenI see or hear it

in a sentence

I have tried to usethe word, but I

am not sure I am

using it correctly

I use the wordwith confidence

in either speaking

or writing

I use the wordwith confidence,both in speaking

and writing


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Reading Strategies: Skimming and Scanning

How fast should you read? To obtain both reading comprehension and reading

speed, you should understand what each reading strategy means.

Skimming is reading quickly to get a

sense of the broad meaning of the article

or reading passage. We skim a reading

passage to see if the text is important to

us. Naturally, comprehension can be low.

Scanning

means you are looking for a

specific piece of information without

worrying about the broader meaning. You

may be looking for a specific word or fact.

Comprehension is also low.

Skimming and scanning work well when you know what you are looking for. You

should not skim or scan a text if you need to comprehend and remember the material fully.

Read: A Preview of What Was Mainly Discussed

What causes earthquakes? The

earth is formed oflayers. The surface of

the earth, about 100 kilometers thick, is

made of large pieces. When they move

against each other, an earthquake

happens. A large movement causes a

violent earthquake, but a small

movement causes a mild one.

Earthquakes last only a few

seconds. The rolling movements are

called seismic waves. The seismic waves

start in one place, called the epicenter,

and roll outward. A seismic wave travels

around the earth in about twenty minutes.

Usually, an earthquake is strong enough to

cause damage only near its epicenter.

However, epicenters at the bottom

of the ocean create huge sea waves as tall

as 15 meters. These waves cross the

ocean in several hours. Rushing toward

land, they destroy small islands and ships

in their path. When they hit land, they

flood coastal areas far from the epicenter

of the earthquake. In 1868, a wave

reached 4.5 kilometers inland in Peru. In

1896, a wave in Japan killed 27,000

people.

After an earthquake happens,

people can die from lack of food, water,

and medical supplies. The amount of

destruction caused by an earthquake

depends on where it happens, what time

it happens, and how strong it is. It also

depends on types of buildings, soil

conditions, and population. Of the 6000

earthquakes in the world each year, only

about fifteen cause great damage and

many deaths.

.


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In 1556, an earthquake in northern

China killed 830,000 people the most in

history. There was no way to measure its

strength. In 1935, scientists started usingthe Richter Scale to measure seismic

waves. A seriously destructive earthquake

measures 6.5 or higher on the Richter

Scale.

How can scientists predict

earthquakes? Earthquakes are not just

scattered anywhere but happen in certain

areas, places where pieces of the earths

surface meet. This pattern causes them

to shake the same places many times.

For example, earthquakes often occur on

the west coats of North and South

America, around the Mediterranean Sea,

and along the Pacific coast of Asia.

Another way to predict

earthquakes is to look for changes in the

earths surface, like a sudden drop of

water level in the ground. Some people

say animals can predict earthquakes.

Before earthquakes, people have seen

chickens sitting in trees, fish jumping out

of the water, snakes leaving their holes,

and other animals acting strangely.

Earthquake often come together

with volcanic eruptions. In late 1984,

strong earthquakes began shaking the

Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia

every day. On November 14, 1985, it

erupted. Explosions sound like thunder

as the volcano seemed to burst apart and

debris covered the surface of the sea.

Clouds of black dust appeared to be filledwith lightning. A nearby river became a

sea of mud that buried four towns. This

disaster killed most victims who died

when building fell on them and estimates

of deaths ranged from a small scale to a

large scale. Losses and property damage

from the earthquake amounted to

millions of dollars.

Seismology is the study of

earthquakes, and a seismologist is a

scientist who observes earthquakes. Their

equipment measures the smallest

vibration on surface of the earth. They

are trying to find ways to use valuable

knowledge about earthquakes to save

lives and to help solve the worlds energy

shortage. The earths natural activity

underground creates energy in the form of

heat. Geothermal means earth beat.

This geothermal energy could be useful.

However, if we take natural hot water out

of the earth in earthquake zones, we

might cause earthquakes.

If seismologists can predict

earthquakes, we will be able to save

about 20,000 human lives each year, but

we cannot control earthquakes.

(609 words)


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Meaning in Context: Match or Mismatch?

Match each target word with its appropriate meaning in context. You can look back to the

passage above to make sure that the meaning given is referred to what the context needs.

Also, its part of speech needs to be identified. The example was given for LAYERS.

Target words Meanings (Thai or English) Parts of speech

Layers , Noun

Surface

Mild

Seismic

Epicenter

Roll

Damage

Flood

Predict

Scattered

Pattern

Volcano

Erupted

Thunder

Burst

Debris

Lightning

Victims

Ranged

Property

Seismology

Seismologist

Observes

Vibration

Valuable

Geothermal


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Play On Word Families

Find another form of the target words if possible. Then write it in the correct column that

indicates its part of speech. The sample for LAYERS was given.

Target words Verb Noun Adjective Adverb

Layer - Layer - -

Surface

Mild

Seismic

Epicenter

RollDamage

Flood

Predict

Scatter

Pattern

Volcano

EruptThunder

Burst

Debris

Lightning

Victim

Range

PropertySeismology

Observe

Vibration

Valuable

Geothermal


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Vocabulary: Word Usage

Complete the following sentences with the words given.

volcanoes rolled floods valuable

geothermal thunder erupted damagepatterns lightning burst surface

1.Earthquakes happen in ___________around the world, sometimes several times in thesame place.

2. Earthquakes can happen before the eruption of __________.

3. __________energy comes from heat under the earth.

4. A volcano in Indonesia __________ in 2007.

5. When Somsak set his pencil on the table, it __________off onto the floor.6. When a tire __________while a car is moving, it is called a blowout.

7. Earthquakes cause a lot of ___________to towns and roads.

8. Huge ocean __________hit the shore during a storm.

9. When there are __________ and __________during a storm, it is sometimes called an

electrical storm.

10. Gold and silver are __________metals.

11. There are both heat and activity below the __________ of the earth.

Say What You Know

Mark each sentence as T (true) or F (false) according to the information in the passage

above. Use the dictionary to help you understand the words you are not sure of.

_____1. An earthquake happens when a surface of the earth moves against each other.

_____2. It is known that movements of the surface of the earth cause different kinds of e

earthquakes.

_____3. It can be said that earthquake each time took time, but lasted seconds.

_____4. An earthquake can travel in terms of as seismic wave._____5. Noticeably, seismic waves begin in one place and affect others when they roll outward.

_____6. Huge sea waves can be caused when seismic waves move from the epicenter at

the bottom of the ocean.

_____7. Actually, sea waves created by seismic waves cannot damage anything at all since

they just move under the ocean.

_____8. Peru and Japan were examples of the areas affected by the sea waves caused by

the earthquakes.

_____9. Time and place would be a factor which indicates how destructive the earthquakes can be.


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_____10. Richter scale is used to measure seismic waves.

_____11. Earthquakes can be predicted because they usually occur in the same place.

_____12. A sudden drop of water level in the ground can be one of the possible ways to

predict earthquakes.

_____13. Animals are used to predict the seismic waves in the ocean not the earthquakes.

_____14. Strange behaviors of the animals can be some clues for earthquakes.

_____15. A seismologist is a study of earthquakes.

_____16. Detecting vibration on surface of the earth is the work of a seismologist.

_____17. Earthquakes often come with volcanic eruptions.

_____18. The word Geothermal convey the meaning of earth beat.

_____19. Taking hot water out of the earth in earthquake zones can cause the earthquakes.

_____20. We help protect the earth from the earthquake, but we cannot control it.

Show What You Find

Scan the reading for the answers to these questions. Use your highlighting to help you.

1. What does the earths natural activity underground create?

________________________________________________________________________________

2. When did the earthquakes take place in Colombia?

________________________________________________________________________________

3. How many earthquakes each year can be a cause of destruction?________________________________________________________________________________

4. How do some animals behave as a prediction of coming earthquakes?

________________________________________________________________________________

5. What causes a violent earthquake?

________________________________________________________________________________

6. What could be evidence that makes the scientists possibly predict the earthquakes?

________________________________________________________________________________

7. What could be causes that result in a large amount of destruction caused by theearthquakes?

________________________________________________________________________________

8. What is it called for the certain area where the seismic wave rolls outward?

________________________________________________________________________________

9. What is used to measure seismic wave?

________________________________________________________________________________

10. How long does it take when the seismic wave travels around the earth?

________________________________________________________________________________


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Generative Use of Words Learnt and Understanding of Text

Complete the following passage with the word you have learnt in the passage given.

The most (1) __________quake in U.S. history (2) __________in San Francisco in 1906,

it (3) __________the deaths of over 700 people. The great Alaskan (4) __________of 1964

was twice as powerful, but less destructive due to the low population density of the (6)

__________struck. The Chilean quake of 1960 was the biggest quake ever recorded. It came

at 9.5 on the (7) __________.

The study of earthquake is called (8) __________. The earliest (9) __________ were

the Chinese who worked hard to record their quakes in detail. They even developed a

means to (10) __________earthquakes by filling a ceramic jar to the brim with water and

leaving it set. If the water overflowed the jar, then an earthquake was imminent. Of course,

this means of prediction was unreliable and uncertain.

It is thought that some animals may feel (11) __________from a quake before

humans, and that even minutes before a quake dog may howl and birds fly erratically.

However, (12) __________for such sensitivity by animals is purely anecdotal.

Since then, there have been studies about earthquakes. Seismologists have

continued to work at building better instruments in order to explain volcanic and (13)

__________activity. Besides, computer models and theories, forecast is usually used to

study the (14) __________and effects of earthquakes since the incidents can be predicted,

but not (15) __________.

eap unit 2 earthquake

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