early career patterns

26
Early Career Patterns: A Comparison of Great Britain and West Germany Stefani Scherer The transition from initial education towork has received a great amount of attention, but hardly any research treats this process holistically.This paper focuses on the serial succession of statuses instead of on single events in the early years after leaving full-time education. As a methodological tool sequence analysis will be applied. Optimal matching procedures allow for the direct comparison of entire career sequences taking into account the ordering of the events.The objective of applying this rather new tool is to empirically identify distinct patterns of transition into the labour market. The analysis covers the whole range of employment statuses including periods of unemployment and inactivity that individuals experience within the ¢rst ¢ve years following completion of education. A cross-national comparison between Great Britain and West Germany aims at investi- gating to what extent the observed patterns of transition processes are shaped by their institutional embeddedness. Introduction The transition from education to work has been the topic of much research. Most of this work, however, focuses on speci¢c events, single time points, and individual transitions, not on the resulting trajectories and life courses. Little research has dealt with the transition and allocation process as sequences of several events. It can be assumed, however, that the allocation process in the labour market is not ¢nished after reaching one's ¢rst occupational position but is instead a process of reaching a more or less stable position in the labour market.The aim of this paper, therefore, is to model the entry into work as a stepwise succession of di¡erent statuses by using sequence analysis. Sequence analysis allows us to handle the whole career history by taking into account the information about length and ordering of di¡erent statuses instead of single events or time points.That this is not just a methodological issue but also of substantial importance becomes clear if we think of the entry into work as a process evolving over time which can only be captured by concentrating on information about whole trajectories. Thus, as an innovative methodological tool, we suppose that this method will provide new insights into the dynamics and distribution of early career trajec- tories. Furthermore, it also enables us to tackle the problem of developing typologies of trajectories in a promising way. Previous research dealing with typologies of transition patterns basically followed a more qualitative approach restricted to small sample sizes. With the statistical analysis of the whole career history information for representative datasets, we can now put the results on a much broader basis. This is especially necessary for an international comparison of di¡erent transition patterns. It is a well-known fact that allocation and matching processes di¡er widely between di¡erent structural and institutional contexts. An interna- tional comparison is therefore helpful for better understanding how the institutional context people & Oxford University Press 2001 European Sociological Review , Vol. 17 No. 2, 119^144 119

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Early Career Patterns

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