Early Growth of the New Nation

Mr. McCain

SSUSH6 The student will analyze the impact of territorial expansion and population growth and the impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation. a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states. b. Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territory’s exploration by Lewis and Clark. c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national identity. d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure. e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine.

Northwest Ordinance

a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the

westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.

Northwest Ordinance

• Remember:– Established system of

government for the Northwest territories

Ordinance: Law

Northwest Ordinance

• Important Sections of the Ordinance:– Section 14 Article 1: Freedom of Religion

– Section 14 Article 3: Schools to be founded

– Section 14 Article 6: Slavery bannedThere shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the

party shall have been duly convicted:

Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the

means of education shall forever be encouraged.

No person, demeaning himself in a peaceable and orderly manner, shall ever be molested on account of his mode of worship or

religious sentiments, in the said territory.

Northwest Ordinance

• Impact on Western Expansion

– People began to move westward

– Land was cheap/plentiful

– Slavery was illegal

– Public schools were mandatory

Northwest Ordinance

• Impact on slavery– Ordinance banned slavery in the territory

– Required runaway slaves to be returned to their owners

Northwest Ordinance

• Impact on public education– Required schools in each township

Northwest Ordinance

• Addition of new states

• States made from NW Ordinance:– Ohio– Indiana– Michigan– Illinois– Wisconsin

Jefferson’s Presidency

b. Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana

Purchase from France and the territory’s exploration by Lewis

and Clark.

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

• Democratic-Republican– Favored smaller

government– Feared industry– Supported by

farmers, Southerners

President of the United States: 1801-1809 (3rd)

“Man of the People”

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

• Louisiana– French territory– Napoleon’s Plan =

New World Empire– Loss of Haiti = No

Empire– New Goal – sell to

make $• Price: $15,000,000

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

• Jefferson’s Problem:– Strict Constructionist – Constitution did not

specify that he could buy the territory

– Deal was too good to pass up

Lewis and Clark

• Expedition (1804-1806)– Purpose: Explore and map Louisiana Territory– Led by:

• Meriwether Lewis

• William Clark

Lewis and Clark Expedition

• Assisted by Sacajawea

War of 1812

c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s

significance on the development of a national identity.

James Madison (1751-1836)

• “Father of the Constitution”

• Democratic-Republican

• Secretary of State under Jefferson– Signed agreement to

purchase Louisiana

President of the United States: 1809-1817 (4th)

War of 1812

• Causes:– Situation in Europe

War of 1812

• Causes:Response to British/French Blockades:– Embargo Act of 1807– Non-intercourse Act (1809)

– British interference in American shipping

Limited Trade

U.S. France

Great Britain

Impressment of American seamen – captured & made to work on British ships Seizure of American ships – In case they were headed to France Chesapeake incident (1807) – UK ship attacked US ship, 18 dead

War of 1812

• Causes:– Native American conflict in the West

• Leader of the Shawnee• Attempted to organize a Native American alliance to fight the Americans• The British supplied weapons to the Native Americans

Tecumseh and his allied were finally defeated by General William Henry Harrison at the Battle

of Tippecanoe, in present day Indiana

War of 1812

• Causes:– War Hawks

Members, mostly young, of Congress who supported war

War of 1812

• Course of the War:– Early Naval Victories

– Invasion of Canada

– Burning of Washington

George Munger The President’s House Watercolor, 1814

War of 1812

• Course of the War:– Battle of New Orleans

– Treaty of Ghent

U.S. victory Led by Gen. Andrew Jackson

Means everything went back to the way it was before

the war started“The state which was” “Before War”

War of 1812

• Significance:Cultural

– Star-Spangled Banner • Francis Scott Key –

“In Defense of Ft. McHenry”

– “Hunters of Kentucky”

War of 1812

• Significance:– “Development of National Identity”

Homework

• Write a paragraph

“How did the War of 1812 help develop a distinct American identity?

(i.e. how was being “American” different from “British”)

Building the New Nation

d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the

nation’s infrastructure.

Development of the Nation’s Infrastructure

• Transportation Problems:– Poor roads

• Difficult to move goods / people

– Solution:• Canals• Steamboats• Railroads

Canal: man-made waterways, that connect lakes, rivers, or oceans and used for transportation

DID YOU KNOW: The first steamboat capable of carrying cargo upstream was the Clermont, built by Robert Fulton in 1807.

Erie Canal

• Purpose: – Connect Hudson River with Great Lakes

• Fun Facts:– Length: 363 miles– Completed: 1825– Cost: $7,000,000

DID YOU KNOW: The Erie Canal opened up interior New York for development. The cost of moving goods between New York City and Buffalo, NY was reduced by over 90% after the canal opened.

View of Erie Canal John William Hill, 1829 Watercolor on paper

Erie Canal

• Canals decreased the cost of transportation

Rise of New York City

• Became largest city in America

• Increased trade from canal/road systems

Monroe Doctrine

e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe

Doctrine

James Monroe (1758-1831)

• Democratic-Republican

President of the United States: 1817-1825 (5th)

“Era of Good Feelings”

• ~1817-1825

• Little partisan activity– Federalist party had dissolved– Monroe received all but one Electoral vote in

1820

Monroe Doctrine

• U.S. policy first proclaimed by Pres. Monroe

• First issued December, 1823

• European countries cannot colonize or interfere with nations in the Western hemisphere

Monroe Doctrine

• Reasons for:– European nations were seeking to reconquer

their colonies• Revolutions in Latin America during the early 1800’s

gave independence to many of these countries• Napoleonic Wars were over

Monroe Doctrine

• Importance of:

– Been used by many American Presidents to interfere in Latin America

– N.B. At the time, the U.S. had little ability to enforce this declaration