early man to civilizations
TRANSCRIPT
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EARLY MAN to First Civilizations
Paleolithic Period and Neolithic Period
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The Paleolithic Period 2.5 Million BCE to 12000 BCE ish
(Before the Common Era)
• Humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, & the Americas
• Used fire in new ways• Used wider range of tools • Humans were hunter – gatherers
– (1 square mile needed to support two people
• Economic structures focused on kinship groups (family and clan)
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Archeologists interpret remains to describe early man.
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The “Ice Man”
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The Ice Man?
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Due Tomorrow: Read the “Iceman” article by Leon Jaroff –from my website-- & write responses
to the following questions in your notebook.
1. Who wrote the source? When? Who is the intended audience?
2. What are the beliefs about early man that the Iceman changed?
3. What is the main idea or thesis of this article? 4. Jaroff gives some explanations for the tattoos
on the prehistoric man. What are several other possible explanations for the tattoos purpose or location?
5. Give characteristics or elements of this article that make the article seem reliable as a source.
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MesoamericaMesoamerica
AndesAndes AmazoniaAmazonia
Eastern North AmericaEastern North America
New GuineaNew Guinea
ChinaChina
EthiopiaEthiopia
WestWestAfricaAfrica
Fertile CrescentFertile Crescent
In response to warming climates, from about In response to warming climates, from about 10,000 years ago, SETTLED AGRICULTURE 10,000 years ago, SETTLED AGRICULTURE
appeared in a number of places.appeared in a number of places...
Nile valleyNile valley
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Settled Agriculture led to what is called
the Neolithic Revolution • Neolithic Revolution is the period known
for changes in human societies caused by agriculture and pastoralism (herding of animals)
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How did people learn to farm and domesticate animals?
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The Neolithic Revolution transformed societies
Changes to the environment
Increased population
More complex economies and social systems
• Patriarchy & forced labor systems• Specialization of labor (including artisans &
warriors)• More hierarchical social structures (elites and
commoners)
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- Improvements in agricultural production, trade, & transportation
Wheeled vehicles
Pottery
Plows
Woven textilesMetallurgy
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Domestication of Plants and AnimalsDomestication of Plants and Animals
FarmingFarming
Surplus FoodSurplus Food SpecializationSpecializationPopulationPopulation
IntensificationIntensification
Complex Society,Complex Society,also known asalso known asCIVILIZATIONCIVILIZATION
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Elements of civilization include:Elements of civilization include:
Mohenjo Daro
Hammurabi’sLaw Code
It’s thelaw
Pharaohs
1)1) CitiesCities
2) Central governments 2) Central governments And Law codesAnd Law codes
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1)1) CitiesCities
2) Central governments 2) Central governments and law codesand law codes
Elements of Civilization include:Elements of Civilization include:
Can you identifyCan you identify the societythe societyrepresentedrepresented
by each of these two by each of these two writing samples?writing samples?
3) Writing and 3) Writing and record keepingrecord keeping
4) Highly organized religions4) Highly organized religions
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3) Writing and 3) Writing and record keepingrecord keeping
4) Highly organized 4) Highly organized religionreligion
5) Specialized Jobs5) Specialized Jobs
Full-time monk
Assyrian slavesIn Egypt
6) Social Classes6) Social Classes
1)1) CitiesCities
2) Central Governments 2) Central Governments and law codesand law codes
Elements of Civilization include:Elements of Civilization include:
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7) Complex 7) Complex TechnologiesTechnologies
Chariot5) Specialized jobs5) Specialized jobs
6) Social classes6) Social classes
Bronze Sword
3) Writing and 3) Writing and record keepingrecord keeping
4) Highly organized 4) Highly organized religionreligion
1)1) CitiesCities
2) Central governments 2) Central governments and law codesand law codes
Elements of Civilization include:Elements of Civilization include:
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Early River Valley Civilizations
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Is civilization more “civilized”?
Agricultural settlements led to achievements, but also. . .
• Population increases
• Stronger Patriarchy & Slavery
• Rigid social classes
• War
• Increased dependence on agriculture
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So . . .• If a society is not a “civilization,” with
cities, complex institutions and record keeping, what is that society?– Barbarian?– Uncivilized?– Outsiders?– Backward or Unimportant?
• How that society is described depends on the INTERPRETATION of the archeologist and/or historian!