earth materials -...
TRANSCRIPT
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
Unit 3 Earth Materials (35 hrs – 10 weeks)
Minerals, Rocks, Rock Cycle, Rock Classification
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
Unit 3 Outline:1. Mineral Chemistry2. Minerals
> Core lab 3 mineral id and specific gravity– Mineral quiz
3. Rock cycle4. Igneous rocks
> Core lab 4 part 1 igneous rocks5. STSE Diamonds and formation
– Igneous rocks quiz6. Sedimentary rocks
> Core lab 4 part 2 sedimentary rocks– Sedimentary rocks quiz
7. Metamorphic rocks> Core lab 4 part 3 metamorphic rocks
8. Unit test
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
• Atoms – basic building blocks of nonliving matter
• Ions – atoms that have gained an electrical charge
• Elements – contains 1 type of element (PT)
• Compound – molecules have atoms from at least 2 different elements. are either ionic or covalent or metallic
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
Chemical Formulas for Minerals
• Be able to identify the elements present in the chemical formulas of common minerals.
Names and symbols of elements found in common minerals:
1﴿ Chlorine ﴾Cl﴿ 2﴿ Calcium ﴾Ca﴿ 3﴿ Carbon ﴾C﴿ 4﴿ Aluminum ﴾Al﴿5﴿ Copper ﴾Cu﴿ 6﴿ Cobalt ﴾Co﴿ 7﴿ Fluorine ﴾F﴿ 8﴿ Gold ﴾Au﴿9﴿ Hydrogen ﴾H﴿ 10﴿ Iron ﴾Fe﴿ 11﴿ Lead ﴾Pb﴿ 12﴿ Magnesium﴾Mg﴿3﴿ Oxygen ﴾O﴿ 14﴿ Nitrogen ﴾N﴿ 15﴿ Nickel ﴾Ni﴿ 16﴿ Manganese ﴾Mn﴿17﴿ Silicon ﴾Si﴿ 18﴿ Sodium ﴾Na﴿ 19﴿ Silver ﴾Ag﴿ 20﴿ Potassium ﴾K﴿21﴿ Sulfur ﴾S﴿ 22﴿ Tin ﴾Sn﴿ 23﴿ Zinc ﴾Zn﴿
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
1﴿ Proton positively charged particle located in the nucleus.
2﴿ Neutron particle located in the nucleus with no charge.
3﴿ Nucleus central portion of an atom that comprises the majority of the atoms mass.bIt has both protons and neutrons.
4﴿ Electron negatively charged particle located in the surrounding energy levels.
5﴿ Energy Level shells that surround the nucleus that contain the electrons.
Subatomic particles that make up an atom include:
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
• Nucleus holds n and p+• Energy levels hold e• Atomic number indicates
the number of charged particles of each type
• Atomic mass indicates the total number or particles in the nucleus
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
Metal atom Vs. Non- Metal atom
Metal: An element that is a good conductor of heat and electricityFound on the LEFT side of the staircase
Examples: Gold, Magnesium, Sodium
NonMetal: An element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricityFound on the RIGHT side of the staircase
Examples: Carbon, Hydrogen, Chlorine
Vs!
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
58 59 60 61 62 6463 65 67 68 69 70 71Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
66Dy
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
90 91 92 93 94 9695 97 99 100 101 102 103Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Es Fm Md No Lr
98Cf
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
Ru
Ti
Rhenium
Ruthenium Rhodium
H
Li Be
Na Mg
K Ca
Rb Sr
Cs Ba
Fr Ra
Sc
Y
La
Ac
Zr
Hf
Rf
V
Nb
Ta
Db
Cr
Mo
W
Sg
Mn
Tc
Re
Bh
Fe
Os
Hs
Co
Rh
Ir
Mt
Ni
Pd
Pt
Cu
Ag
Au
Zn
Cd
Hg
Hydrogen
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Rubidium
Cesium
Beryllium
Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
Radium
Scandium
Yttrium
Lanthanum
Actinium
Vanadium
Niobium
Tantalum
Dubnium
Chromium
Molybdenum
Tungsten
Manganese
Technetium
Iron Cobalt Copper Zinc
Palladium Silver Cadmium
Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury
Hassium Meitnerium
B
Al
Ga
In
Tl
C
Si
Ge
Sn
Pb
N
P
As
Sb
Bi
O F
Cl
Br
I
At
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
Rn
S
Se
Te
Po
Francium
Titanium
Rutherfordium
Zirconium
Hafnium
Seaborgium
Osmium
Bohrium
1
3 4
11 12
Nickel
19 20
37 38
55 56
87 88
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
89 104 105 106 107 108 109
5 6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17 18
31 32 33 34 35 36
50 51 52 53 54
81 82 83 84 85 86
2
Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
ArgonChlorineSulfurPhosphorusSiliconAluminium
Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Helium
Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
Metals and Non- Metals in compounds
You can have a mixture of metal and non metal elements in your compounds:
• 3 major groups of compounds:1. Ionic compounds
2. Covalent compounds
3. Metallic compounds Metal and metal
Non- metal and non-metal
Metal and non-metal
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
Ionic Vs. CovalentIonic Bond:
A metal and a nonmetal compound bond between elements = Give or Take electrons Create Ionic compounds
form when metals lose electrons to nonmetals and create oppositely charged ions which attract one another.
forms ionic compounds with an orderly arrangement of oppositely charged ions in a definite ratio that provides overall electric neutrality
form crystalsEx. Halide minerals (NaCl)
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
Covalent Bonding
Covalent bond Molecular compounds (Molecules):
A nonmetal and nonmetal compoundValence electrons are either shared or transferred to get
a stable configuration of 8 e like the Noble Gases (Octet Rule)
Ex. O2, H2O **SiO4
**often hybrid bonding
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
Metallic Bonding
• Valence e are free to migrate from one ion to another and act like “electrical glue”
• Common in metals like Au, Ag, Al, Cu
• Accounts for high degree of electrical conductivity in metals
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
C OO
H
O
H
Ionic Covalent
Ionic or Covalent?
CC
C
H
H
H
H
HH
H
H
N
H
H
H
HZn
O
O
Na Cl
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
58 59 60 61 62 6463 65 67 68 69 70 71Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
66Dy
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
90 91 92 93 94 9695 97 99 100 101 102 103Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Es Fm Md No Lr
98Cf
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
Ru
Ti
Rhenium
Ruthenium Rhodium
H
Li Be
Na Mg
K Ca
Rb Sr
Cs Ba
Fr Ra
Sc
Y
La
Ac
Zr
Hf
Rf
V
Nb
Ta
Db
Cr
Mo
W
Sg
Mn
Tc
Re
Bh
Fe
Os
Hs
Co
Rh
Ir
Mt
Ni
Pd
Pt
Cu
Ag
Au
Zn
Cd
Hg
Hydrogen
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Rubidium
Cesium
Beryllium
Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
Radium
Scandium
Yttrium
Lanthanum
Actinium
Vanadium
Niobium
Tantalum
Dubnium
Chromium
Molybdenum
Tungsten
Manganese
Technetium
Iron Cobalt Copper Zinc
Palladium Silver Cadmium
Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury
Hassium Meitnerium
B
Al
Ga
In
Tl
C
Si
Ge
Sn
Pb
N
P
As
Sb
Bi
O F
Cl
Br
I
At
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
Rn
S
Se
Te
Po
Francium
Titanium
Rutherfordium
Zirconium
Hafnium
Seaborgium
Osmium
Bohrium
1
3 4
11 12
Nickel
19 20
37 38
55 56
87 88
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
89 104 105 106 107 108 109
5 6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17 18
31 32 33 34 35 36
50 51 52 53 54
81 82 83 84 85 86
2
Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
ArgonChlorineSulfurPhosphorusSiliconAluminium
Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Helium
Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
There are over 100 known elements, but only 8 of them make up over 98.5% of the earths crust by mass.
1﴿ Oxygen ﴾46.6%﴿ 2﴿ Silicon ﴾27.7%﴿ 3﴿ Aluminum ﴾8.1%﴿ 4﴿ Iron ﴾5.0%﴿ 5﴿ Calcium ﴾3.6%﴿ 6﴿ Sodium ﴾2.8%﴿7﴿ Potassium ﴾2.6%﴿ 8﴿ Magnesium ﴾2.1%﴿
Common Elements in Earth’s crust.
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
Common Elements in Earth’s crust.Mnemonic Device
• See table 2.3 pg. 44• Focus on the first letter of each word:• Ottawa• Senators• Are• Insane• Calgary• Should• Play• Montreal
* In the order of most common on earth to least** Know the most common elements
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
Conclusions?
1. Know basic Chemical terms
2. Identify diagrams and/or graphics of each type of compound.
3. Know the abundance of elements on Earth
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mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015
Practice Q`s
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Attachments
1206Attendance.xlsx
Sheet1
5-Sep
Gustav Barbourp
Echo Henochp
Toni Lampep
Anthony Saksagiakp
Dwayne Williamsp
Kayla Wyattp
Sheet2
Sheet3
SMART Notebook
Page 1: Sep 8-9:31 AMPage 2: Mar 4-8:12 AMPage 3: Nov 22-6:25 PMPage 4: Nov 22-6:48 PMPage 5: Nov 22-7:04 PMPage 6: Nov 22-6:25 PMPage 7: Feb 17-1:20 PMPage 8: Periodic tablePage 9: Feb 17-1:34 PMPage 10: Feb 17-1:01 PMPage 11: Nov 22-6:31 PMPage 12: Nov 22-6:56 PMPage 13: Nov 22-6:34 PMPage 14: Feb 17-1:48 PMPage 15: Periodic tablePage 16: Nov 22-7:07 PMPage 17: Nov 22-6:49 PMPage 18: Sep 6-5:00 PMPage 19: Nov 22-7:58 PMAttachments Page 1