EARTHQUAKE PREDICTIONUSING

CARBON-NANOTUBE SENSORS(…A Research Based Project…)

PROJECT GUIDE : Mr. B.T.VENKATESHMURTHY

PRESENTED BY : SHUHAB-U-TARIQ 7th sem E&C

INTRODUCTION

• Earthquakes…What ?Why ?How ?

• Carbon NanotubesDefinitionStructureProperties

EARTHQUAKES

• Vibration of the Earth produced by a rapid release of energy.

• Occur principally by the sudden displacement on faults.• Caused by plate movement at subduction zones or other

fault lines.• Theory of Plate Tectonics

• Rigid plates that collide, separate and then translate.

CARBON NANOTUBES

• Extremely thin hollow cylinders made of carbon atoms.

• diameter is about 10,000 times smaller than a human hair !

PROPERTIES

• Size : 0.6 to 1.8 nanometer in diameter

• Density : 1.33 to 1.40 grams per cubic centimeter

• Tensile strength : 45 billion pascals

• Resilience : Can be bent at large angles and restraightened without damage

• Current carrying capacity : Estimated at a 1 billion amps per

square centimeter

PROPERTIES CONTD.

• Field emission : Can activate phosphors at1 to 3 volts if electrodes are spaced 1 micron apart

• Heat transmission : Predicted to be as high as 6,000 watts per meter per kelvin at room temperature

• Temperature stability : Stable up to 2,800 degrees Celsius in vacuum, 750degrees C in air

• Cost : $1,500 per gram from Bucky USA in Houston

Effect of Twisting on Nanotube Electronic Structure:

• the metallic nanotube to a semiconducting one with a band-gap that varies with the twist angle.

Effect of bending:

• Variation of the local density of states (LDOS) along the length of a (6,6) nanotube as a function of the bending angle.

Implementation of C nanotube:

• Wheatstone Bridge

Subjecting the circuit to suitable Frequency vibrations due to which there should be a significant change in electrical property of C-nanotubes resulting the bridge unbalanced.

Rx = C - Nanotube sensor

CONCLUSION :

• Detect the precursor waves that precede any surface or destructive earthquake.

• Earthquake prediction is accomplished and a significant loss of life and property could be reduced .